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The Fed, OCC, FDIC Clarify Capital Treatment of Tokenized Securities

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The Fed, OCC, FDIC Clarify Capital Treatment of Tokenized Securities

The U.S. federal banking agencies have issued new guidance clarifying that tokenized securities should receive the same capital treatment as traditional securities.

The federal banking agencies of the United States have issued clarifications on the capital treatment of tokenization securities. The guidance states that eligible tokenized securities should receive the same capital treatment as traditional securities under existing capital rules.

On Thursday, March 5, the U.S. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) published joint guidance on securities tokenization.

The guidance is in the form of answers to frequently asked questions about the tokenization of real-world assets (RWAs) that are classified as securities in The U.S. — such as stocks, U.S. treasuries, or exchange-traded funds (ETFs).

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The OCC’s guidance aims to provide clarity treatment for banks engaging in tokenization services, potentially encouraging wider adoption of tokenized assets.

“The capital rule is technology neutral. An eligible tokenized security should generally receive the same capital treatment as the non-tokenized form of security under the capital rule,” the OCC summarized in an X post yesterday evening.

One of the FAQs focused on whether the tokenized assets in question were issued on a public, permissionless blockchain network, or on a private, permissioned one. The banking agencies clarified that the distinction didn’t affect capital treatment, stating in its guidance:

“No, the capital rule does not provide a different treatment based on the use of
permissioned or permissionless blockchains.”

The integration of tokenized assets into existing financial frameworks represents a broader trend of financial innovation where blockchain and digital assets are increasingly seen as integral to the future of traditional finance. This regulatory clarity could serve as a catalyst for financial institutions to explore and expand tokenization services, thereby fostering innovation in capital markets.

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The OCC, which regulates and supervises national banks and federal savings associations, has received a flood of applications in the past year from crypto-linked firms looking to obtain banking licenses, with zerohash and Revolut among the most recent examples.

As The Defiant reported earlier this week, a new report from three major, global financial infrastructure providers argued that interoperability is essential for digital asset securities to reach their full potential.

This article was generated with the assistance of AI workflows.

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Crypto World

Friday’s eth.limo Hijack Caused by Social Engineering on EasyDNS

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Friday’s eth.limo Hijack Caused by Social Engineering on EasyDNS

Ethereum Name Service gateway eth.limo has revealed that the domain hijacking on Friday was caused by a social engineering attack directed against EasyDNS, its domain name service provider. 

According to a postmortem published by eth.limo on Saturday, an attacker impersonated one of its team members to initiate an account recovery process with easyDNS, granting access to the eth.limo account and allowing them to alter domain settings.

“The NS records were changed and directed to Cloudflare… Once we understood that a DNS hijack had taken place, we immediately notified the community as well as Vitalik Buterin and others. We then began contacting EasyDNS in an attempt to respond to the incident,” the company said.

Eth.limo serves as a Web2 bridge, providing access to around 2 million decentralized websites using the .eth domain name. Hijacking the service could allow an attacker to redirect users to malicious websites. Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin warned users Friday to avoid his blog until the incident was resolved.

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Mark Jeftovic, CEO of easyDNS, has publicly accepted responsibility for the incident in its own postmortem report. 

“We screwed up and we own it,” said Jeftovic on Saturday. 

“This would mark the first successful social engineering attack against an easyDNS client in our 28-year history. There have been countless attempts.”  

Both companies have pointed to the Domain Name System Security Extension (DNSSEC) in thwarting the hacker’s attempts to do further damage. 

The attacker couldn’t produce valid cryptographic signatures, so Domain Name System resolvers rejected the attacker’s forged DNS responses, causing users to see error messages instead of being redirected to malicious sites. 

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“DNSSEC was enabled for their domain when the attackers attempted to flip their nameservers, presumably to effect some manner of phishing or malware injection attack, DNSSEC-aware resolvers, which most are these days, began dropping queries,” Jeftovic said. 

Source: eth.limo

In its postmortem, eth.limo noted that because the attacker lacked the signing keys, they were unable to bypass the safeguards, which likely “reduced the blast radius of the hijack. We are not aware of any user impact at this time. We will provide updates if that changes.”

easyDNS makes changes since the attack

Jeftovic described the social engineering attack as “highly sophisticated,” and said easyDNS is still conducting a post-mortem on how the breach occurred, and has already begun rolling out changes to prevent a recurrence.

Source: easyDNS

“In eth.limo’s case, we will be migrating them to Domainsure, which has a security posture more suited toward enterprise and high-value fintech domains, TLDR there is no mechanism for an account recovery on Domainsure, it’s not a thing,” he added.

“On behalf of everyone here, I apologize to the eth.limo team and the wider Ethereum community. ENS has always had a special place in our heart as the first registrar to enable ENS linking to web2 domains and we’ve been involved in the space since 2017.”

Related: RaveDAO denies manipulation as Binance, Bitget probe RAVE trading activity

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The eth.limo incident is the latest in a series of domain hijackings targeting crypto projects. Days earlier, decentralized exchange aggregator CoW Swap lost control of its website after an unknown party hijacked its domain. 

Steakhouse Financial, a DeFi advisory and research firm, similarly disclosed at the end of March that it had lost control of its domain to an attacker.

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