Crypto World
Tron extends USDT lead over Ethereum as TRX price decouples from network boom
Tron tightens its USDT lead over Ethereum as network activity and BTC reserve plans climb, yet TRX price lags, retracing into a multi‑month consolidation range.
Summary
- Tron’s share of USDT supply has grown, with on-chain data showing rising active addresses and record weekly transaction volumes tied to stablecoin usage.
- Justin Sun has signaled plans to increase Tron’s Bitcoin reserves, echoing Binance’s $1 billion SAFU conversion toward BTC as both networks tilt their treasuries to Bitcoin.
- Despite stronger fundamentals, TRX has retraced recent gains and is back in its late‑2025 consolidation zone, with price action tracking broader market conditions more than network growth.
The Tron network has surpassed Ethereum in stablecoin supply, marking a shift in the competitive landscape between the two blockchain platforms that have competed for USDT dominance in recent years.
USDT stablecoin supply on Tron has risen significantly, giving it a larger share of the USDT supply than Ethereum, according to data from DeFiLlama.
The increased USDT liquidity on Tron reflects the network’s faster and cheaper transaction capabilities compared to competing platforms. The growth corresponds with key network performance metrics, according to blockchain analytics data.
Tron on the radar
Address activity on the Tron network has surged alongside the rise in USDT supply. Active addresses maintained an upward trend over recent years and accelerated in recent weeks, with weekly active addresses rising sharply during this period, according to DeFiLlama data.
Transaction activity has followed a similar pattern. The Tron network recently recorded its highest weekly transaction volume, while the network’s stablecoin count reached a new historic high during the same week. Industry analysts have attributed the robust network growth to stablecoin transaction activity.
Tron has been accumulating Bitcoin reserves and may execute another large purchase, according to public statements. Binance recently announced plans to convert part of its Secure Asset Fund for Users (SAFU) into Bitcoin. Tron founder Justin Sun has indicated plans for a similar move, though the exact amount of Bitcoin currently held by Tron remains undisclosed.
Despite positive network activity and Bitcoin acquisition plans, Tron’s native cryptocurrency TRX has not experienced corresponding price gains. TRX began January with an upward price movement but has since retraced most gains, experiencing a decline over recent weeks.
The TRX token was not in oversold territory despite the price drop, according to technical indicators. The retracement brought the token back to the consolidation zone where it traded between November and December of the previous year. The TRX price movement has shown limited correlation with Tron network activity, with the cryptocurrency’s performance appearing to track broader market conditions rather than network-specific demand.
Long-term price charts indicate a natural retracement following a parabolic price movement from November 2022 to August 2025, according to market data.
Crypto World
Europe Leads the Tokenization Charge as Banks, Regulators, and Depositories Align
TLDR:
- An ECB director stated tokenization restructures entire financial systems, surpassing all previous waves of technological change.
- The UK reversed its stablecoin payments policy, bringing digital assets into its formal regulatory perimeter for the first time.
- HSBC completed a tokenized deposit pilot covering issuance, transfer, and atomic settlement on the Canton Network successfully.
- Clearstream will custody and settle Ondo’s tokenized stocks and ETFs, embedding digital assets into core European market infrastructure.
Tokenization is gaining serious traction across Europe as regulators, central banks, and financial institutions move toward digital asset integration.
A European Central Bank director recently stated that tokenization’s effect on finance surpasses earlier waves of technological change.
Major institutions across the continent are responding with concrete steps. From regulatory reversals to live pilots and cross-border partnerships, Europe is emerging as a key driver of the global tokenization push.
European Regulators Set the Tone for a New Financial Era
A European Central Bank director drew a sharp distinction between tokenization and previous technological shifts in finance.
According to Ledger Insights, the director noted that these technologies do not merely improve one part of a system.
Rather, they restructure the entire logic of how financial systems operate. That assessment positions tokenization as a foundational change, not an incremental upgrade.
The statement carried weight given the ECB’s central role in shaping European financial policy. When a director at that level speaks about systemic change, institutions across the continent take notice.
The framing moved the conversation beyond speculation and into strategic planning. European banks and depositories began responding almost immediately.
Across the Channel, the UK government reversed its earlier position on stablecoins within payments regulation. Authorities confirmed plans to bring stablecoins into the country’s formal payments regulatory perimeter.
That reversal closed a policy gap that had kept digital assets outside mainstream financial oversight. Britain’s shift aligned it more closely with the direction Europe’s financial regulators are heading.
Together, these regulatory signals are creating a more predictable environment for tokenized finance. Institutions require clear frameworks before committing to infrastructure investments at scale.
With central bank commentary and government policy now pointing in the same direction, that clarity is forming. Europe’s regulatory posture is becoming one of cautious but deliberate acceptance.
European Institutions Move From Pilots to Permanent Infrastructure
HSBC completed a tokenized deposit pilot on the Canton Network, marking a practical step forward for European banking. The exercise simulated the issuance, transfer, and atomic settlement of its Tokenised Deposit Service.
All three functions were tested in a controlled environment, confirming operational readiness. The pilot demonstrated that large European banks are past the conceptual stage.
ABN Amro extended crypto access to its investment clients through a carefully structured approach. The Dutch bank introduced indirect exposure via Exchange Traded Products and Capital Protected Notes.
Both instruments are available through ABN Amro’s existing investment platforms, keeping the process familiar for clients. That design reflects how European institutions are balancing innovation with risk management.
The most structurally significant development came through the Ondo Finance, Clearstream, and 360X partnership.
Clearstream, Europe’s leading securities depository, will provide custody, settlement, and collateralization for Ondo’s tokenized stocks and ETFs.
This integration places tokenized assets directly inside established institutional workflows. It removes a barrier that had long kept digital assets separate from mainstream settlement infrastructure.
That partnership matters because Clearstream operates at the core of European capital markets. Anchoring tokenized securities within its framework gives institutional participants a trusted, regulated entry point.
European financial infrastructure is no longer sitting adjacent to tokenization. It is becoming part of it.
Crypto World
AVAX Tests Key Support as Descending Triangle Signals Possible Trend Reversal Ahead
TLDR:
- AVAX trades near $9 as price consolidates above key support within a multi-year descending triangle structure
- Strong buyer activity appears around $8–$10, with reduced volatility signaling a possible accumulation phase
- Resistance between $13 and $16 remains critical, with a breakout needed to shift short-term momentum
- A confirmed move above the descending trendline could open a path toward the $60–$80 price range
Avalanche (AVAX) is trading near a key support zone as its weekly chart shows a long-term descending triangle. Price action suggests buyers are stepping in, with consolidation forming near the lower boundary of the structure.
AVAX Holds Key Support as Buyers Step In
AVAX has remained within a broad downtrend since its 2021 peak above $130. The weekly chart shows a clear pattern of lower highs, guided by a descending resistance trendline. This structure has kept selling pressure active during each rally attempt.
According to analyst Butterfly on X, AVAX is bouncing from the lower edge of the triangle. The post added that buyers are showing interest near this support, with early signs of control shifting toward bulls.
Price is now hovering around $9.18, just above a strong support zone between $10.5 and $11. This area has been tested several times, making it a key level for market participants. Below this, the $8 to $9 range has acted as a short-term accumulation zone.
The chart also shows reduced volatility within this range. Price movement has tightened, forming a consolidation pattern. This behavior often appears when selling pressure slows and buyers begin absorbing available supply.
Volume data supports this view. Larger spikes appeared during earlier sell-offs and rebounds. More recently, volume has stabilized, with no sharp increase in selling activity. This trend suggests that the market may be entering a transition phase.
Resistance Levels Define Next Direction
While support has held, several resistance levels remain in focus. The first barrier sits between $13.5 and $16.5, where recent price rejection occurred. A move above this range could shift short-term momentum.
Beyond that, the $20.5 to $25.5 range represents a mid-level resistance zone. This area aligns with the previous price structure and could slow movement upward if reached. The descending trendline near $30 remains the most critical level.
A breakout above this trendline would change the long-term structure. It would end the pattern of lower highs and open the path for a broader recovery. Projections from the chart suggest that such a move could push the price toward the $60 to $80 range.
On the downside, a break below $8 would weaken the current setup. In that case, price could move toward the $6 to $7.5 region. This level has served as support in the past and may attract new buying interest.
For now, AVAX remains in a narrow range between $8 and $12. This zone has become a key area where both buyers and sellers are active. The longer the price stays within this band, the stronger the next move could be.
Market participants are watching closely as the structure approaches a decision point. The repeated defense of support suggests ongoing demand. At the same time, resistance levels continue to cap upward movement.
The weekly chart reflects a market in balance, with both sides waiting for confirmation. A move beyond these defined levels will likely set the next direction for AVAX.
Crypto World
Bitcoin Dips Below $75,000 as Strait of Hormuz Sees Zero Oil Tankers for First Time in History
Bitcoin (BTC) dropped below $75,000 on April 19 as the Strait of Hormuz shut down entirely and Iran rejected a second round of negotiations with the United States.
The developments mark a sharp escalation in the US-Iran standoff, with zero oil tankers passing through the strait and diplomatic channels appearing to collapse.
Strait of Hormuz Shuts Down as Diplomacy Stalls
No oil tankers passed through the Strait of Hormuz, effectively closing the waterway that handles roughly 20% of global seaborne oil trade.
“It appears that the Strait of Hormuz is now completely closed for the first time in history. The US “blockade” and Iran’s closure are in full force,” wrote The Kobeissi Letter.
Reportedly, thirteen tankers had already turned back mid-route the day before, freezing shipping flows through the critical chokepoint.
Iran’s state media confirmed that Tehran rejected participating in a second round of talks with Washington. Iranian officials cited what they called “deception” from President Trump, pointing to “inconsistency with what is actually happening” during negotiations.
The rejection came after the first round of talks in Islamabad ended without an agreement last week.
Trump Escalates Threats Against Iran
President Trump accused Iran of firing on ships in the strait in violation of the ceasefire agreement. He threatened to “knock out every single Power Plant, and every single Bridge, in Iran” if Tehran refuses a deal.
General sentiment is that both countries are on the verge of a new round of escalation, with futures markets set to open within hours.
Bitcoin has faced sustained pressure from the US-Iran conflict since February 28. The pioneer crypto previously fell from above $100,000 when Iran first moved to close the strait earlier this year. Amid Sunday’s risk-off sentiment, the king of crypto fell below $75,000 for yet another time.
Rising oil prices and inflation fears have repeatedly pushed investors toward traditional safe-haven assets over crypto.
The coming hours may prove critical as futures markets open and traders price in the diplomatic breakdown.
The post Bitcoin Dips Below $75,000 as Strait of Hormuz Sees Zero Oil Tankers for First Time in History appeared first on BeInCrypto.
Crypto World
Solana Holds Cup and Handle Structure as Price Trades Within Key Consolidation Range
TLDR:
- Solana’s monthly chart shows a cup-and-handle pattern forming after a long recovery from 2023 lows.
- Price remains inside a descending channel, with $70–$80 support acting as a key short-term level.
- Resistance between $240–$280 marks the breakout zone needed to confirm the bullish continuation pattern.
- A breakdown below $70 may weaken the structure, while holding support keeps the consolidation phase active.
Solana’s monthly price structure is drawing attention as it continues to form a classic cup-and-handle pattern. The asset remains within a consolidation phase, with price currently moving inside the handle range after a strong recovery from earlier lows.
Long-Term Structure Shows Gradual Recovery
Solana’s macro chart reflects a rounded bottom that formed between 2021 and 2024. Price peaked near $240–$260 in 2021 before entering a prolonged decline. It later found support near $10–$12 in early 2023, marking the cycle low.
Bitcoinsensus describes this structure as a developing cup-and-handle pattern on the monthly timeframe.
The post notes that the recovery from the 2023 lows formed a rounded base, which is often linked to steady accumulation rather than rapid speculation.
From that bottom, price climbed steadily toward the previous highs, completing the cup formation. This move established a broader bullish structure, supported by higher highs during the recovery phase. The return to the $240–$260 range defined the upper boundary of the cup.
Since reaching that zone, the price has not broken out. Instead, it has entered a controlled pullback. This phase forms the handle portion of the structure, which typically follows a rounded recovery.
The handle appears as a downward-sloping channel. Current price action remains within this range, with resistance near $180–$200 and support around $70–$80. At the time of observation, the price traded near $89.97, closer to the lower boundary.
Consolidation Phase Keeps Market in Balance
The handle structure reflects short-term pressure, although the broader trend remains intact. This phase often involves reduced volatility compared to the earlier recovery. Price movement within this channel suggests a pause rather than a confirmed reversal.
Key resistance levels remain clearly defined. The descending channel top sits near $170–$200, acting as immediate resistance. Beyond that, the $240–$280 range marks the major breakout zone tied to the cup formation.
On the downside, the $70–$80 region serves as critical support. A breakdown below this level could shift market structure. In such a case, the price may move toward $60 or lower, weakening the current pattern.
The broader structure remains intact as long as support holds. The cup-and-handle pattern traditionally requires a breakout above the rim for confirmation. In this case, that level lies near $240–$280.
If price moves above this zone with strong momentum, the pattern projects a larger upside range. The depth of the cup suggests a possible extension toward $450–$550. However, such movement depends on sustained strength and a confirmed breakout.
For now, the price continues to move within the handle. This keeps the market in a neutral position, with both upward and downward scenarios still open.
A hold above support may allow a move toward channel resistance. A break below support could delay further recovery.
The current phase remains focused on consolidation. Market participants continue to watch the $70–$80 support and the descending resistance line for direction. Movement beyond these levels will likely define the next stage of the trend.
Crypto World
Money Market Funds See Record $172B Outflows as Capital Rotates Across Markets
TLDR:
- Money market funds recorded a $172.2B weekly outflow, the largest ever, far exceeding typical April withdrawal trends.
- Equity funds attracted $11.3B while bond funds saw $7.9B inflows, showing a shift toward diversified allocations.
- Crypto and gold funds each gained $1.2B, reflecting steady demand for alternative assets during capital rotation.
- Seasonal tax payments and portfolio adjustments drove withdrawals, pushing the four-week average to early 2024 levels.
Money market funds recorded a historic weekly outflow as capital rotated across asset classes. Recent data shows a sharp withdrawal trend, with funds moving into equities, bonds, and alternative assets during a period that often aligns with seasonal tax payments.
Record Outflows Reshape Short-Term Liquidity Trends
Money market funds saw a weekly outflow of $172.2 billion, marking the largest drawdown ever recorded. The scale of withdrawals exceeded typical April averages, reflecting an unusual shift in short-term liquidity positioning.
According to a post shared by The Kobeissi Letter on X, the weekly outflow was over 320% above the average April movement seen in recent years.
The data also showed that the four-week moving average dropped to negative $30.0 billion, reaching levels last seen in early 2024.
This change in flow patterns coincided with capital moving into other financial instruments. Equity funds attracted $11.3 billion, while bond funds recorded inflows of $7.9 billion during the same period. These figures suggest that investors adjusted allocations rather than exiting markets entirely.
At the same time, alternative assets saw moderate interest. Gold and crypto-related funds each received $1.2 billion in inflows. While smaller in size compared to equities and bonds, these inflows indicate continued diversification across asset classes.
April often brings seasonal liquidity changes due to tax obligations. As a result, part of the outflow from money market funds was linked to tax-related withdrawals. This pattern tends to repeat annually, although the magnitude this time stands out.
Capital Rotation Signals Broader Allocation Shifts
The movement of funds into equities and bonds points to a broader reallocation strategy. Investors appear to be balancing short-term liquidity needs with longer-term positioning across markets.
Equity inflows suggest a willingness to maintain exposure to risk assets despite recent volatility. Meanwhile, bond inflows indicate continued interest in fixed-income securities, often used for stability during uncertain conditions.
The inflows into gold and crypto funds, although smaller, add another layer to the overall picture. These assets are often viewed as alternative stores of value, especially during periods of shifting liquidity trends.
The decline in the four-week moving average of withdrawals also provides context. It shows that while the weekly outflow was large, the broader trend reflects sustained but less extreme withdrawals over time.
Taken together, the data show that capital is not leaving the financial system but moving between asset classes. Seasonal factors, combined with changing market preferences, continue to shape these flows.
As April progresses, similar patterns may continue, especially if tax-related withdrawals remain active. However, the redistribution of funds suggests ongoing engagement across multiple markets rather than a retreat from risk.
Crypto World
Michael Saylor Signals Rising Bitcoin Cost Basis as $75K Emerges as Key Support Zone
TLDR:
- Institutional Bitcoin buying continues across cycles, with cost basis rising steadily toward the $75K range
- Large purchase clusters at higher prices reflect increased capital deployment during bullish momentum phases
- The $75K level aligns with average cost, making it a key support zone for current market positioning
- Bitcoin price near cost basis signals a decision point as market direction remains uncertain in the short term
Bitcoin accumulation trends tied to large institutional buyers continue to draw market attention as price action tests key levels.
A recent dataset shared publicly outlines long-term purchasing behavior, cost basis movement, and evolving strategy across multiple market cycles up to April 19, 2026.
Institutional Accumulation Strategy Expands Across Market Cycles
A post by Michael Saylor introduced the chart with a brief statement urging larger thinking. The shared data tracks a “Strategy Tracker,” presenting Bitcoin purchases over time alongside price movement and average cost trends.
The dataset shows total holdings of 780,897 BTC valued at $59.10 billion. The average acquisition cost stands at $75,577 per Bitcoin.
Meanwhile, cumulative tracked purchases reach 8,780,897 BTC across 106 events, reflecting long-term accumulation behavior.
Early accumulation occurred when Bitcoin traded between $10,000 and $40,000. During this period, purchases remained consistent but relatively small.
As a result, the average cost line moved gradually upward, showing controlled exposure during lower price levels.
As prices declined toward the $20,000 to $30,000 range, buying activity continued. This phase reflects steady accumulation during market weakness. The average cost stabilized before rising again, indicating continued capital deployment without hesitation.
Later, Bitcoin entered a strong upward move, climbing beyond $100,000. During this phase, purchase sizes increased, and buying frequency rose. The average cost also climbed sharply, signaling a shift toward momentum-driven accumulation.
Price Levels and Cost Basis Shape Market Positioning
The chart outlines key price zones that now frame market structure. The $75,000 to $80,000 range aligns closely with the average acquisition cost. This level now serves as a central support zone tied to institutional positioning.
Below that, the $60,000 to $65,000 range marks a previous consolidation area. This zone acted as a base before the breakout that pushed prices higher. These levels remain relevant for traders assessing downside scenarios.
On the upside, $100,000 continues to act as a psychological barrier. The price has tested this level multiple times. Above that, the $120,000 to $130,000 range represents the recent peak and a clear resistance zone.
The relationship between price and average cost remains central to the current setup. When Bitcoin trades above the cost basis, positions remain in profit. When price approaches this level, it becomes a decision point for market participants.
Recent data shows Bitcoin hovering near this cost level. This places the market in a narrow range where direction remains uncertain. At the same time, continued buying during both rallies and pullbacks reflects a steady approach.
Purchase markers on the chart also show larger allocations at higher price levels. This pattern suggests increasing capital commitment over time. It also reflects a willingness to accumulate regardless of short-term price fluctuations.
The absence of selling activity across the timeline reinforces a long-term positioning strategy. Rather than reacting to price swings, the approach remains focused on building exposure across cycles.
Future price movement now depends on how Bitcoin behaves around the $75,000 level. Holding above this range may support another move toward $100,000 and beyond. However, a breakdown below this level could shift short-term market direction toward lower support zones.
The chart presents a structured view of accumulation, cost growth, and price interaction. It captures how institutional participation has evolved alongside Bitcoin’s expanding market cycle.
Crypto World
Current BTC Price Action Shows Dramatic Underperformance: Analyst
The current Bitcoin (BTC) market cycle is “dramatically” weaker than the three previous cycles, according to Alex Thorn, the head of firmwide research at investment firm Galaxy.
Thorn compared price action since the April 2024 Bitcoin halving to cycles triggered in 2012, 2016 and 2020; the current cycle shows significantly dampened volatility and lower upside. The all-time high above $125,000 on Oct. 5, 2025 was only 97% above the 2024 halving price around $63,000.
BTC’s price increased by about 9,294% during the 2012 halving cycle, reaching a high of about $1,163, and climbed by about 2,950% during the 2016 halving cycle, reaching a high of about $19,891. The 2020 halving saw a price increase of about 761%.

“Cycle four is dramatically underperforming prior cycles,” Thorn said in an X post, asking, “Is this the new normal, or is it the new normal until it isn’t?”
The decreasing volatility in each successive BTC halving cycle suggests that traditional market dynamics are changing and that BTC’s price may start to be influenced more by other factors, rather than the halving or the four-year cycle market theory.
The 30-day Bitcoin Volatility Index, which spiked to 9.64% on April 2, 2020, has not been above 3.11% in the current cycle, a reading last tipped on Aug. 24, 2024. At last look, the latest 30-day estimate for that volatility gauge is 1.75%, according to Bitbo data.
Related: Bitcoin bull run ‘still too early’ to call as demand lags exiting capital: Analyst
Critics say current cycle performance ignores the premature all-time high before 2024’s halving
BTC reached what was then the all-time high above the $70,000 level in March 2024 — one month before the April 2024 halving.
The approval of spot Bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs) in the United States in January 2024 was the primary catalyst for the price pump.

This historic anomaly of BTC hitting a new all-time high before the halving skewed the current cycle’s price performance, critics of Thorn’s analysis said.
Bitcoin drawdowns have also become less severe, as volatility has declined, according to Fidelity Digital Assets.
Previous Bitcoin bear markets have seen declines between 80% and 90%, according to Zack Wainwright, a Fidelity Digital Assets research analyst.
However, Bitcoin’s crash to $60,000 from the all-time high above $125,000 represents a decline just north of 50%, Fidelity’s analysis noted.
In March, Jan van Eck, CEO of asset management company VanEck, said that BTC is close to bottoming out and that he expects the price to begin gradually rising again in 2026.
At last look, the biggest crypto was trading at about $74,703, up almost 5% in the last seven days, according to TradingView data.
Magazine: Bitcoin will not hit $1M by 2030, says veteran trader Peter Brandt
Crypto World
Kelp DAO Loses $293M in Bridge Exploit, Leaving Aave With Over $200M in Bad Debt
Attacker minted unbacked rsETH through Kelp’s LayerZero bridge, then borrowed WETH on Aave V3 and V4 before markets could freeze.
In 46 minutes on Saturday evening, DeFi lost more money than it had in any single event this year, and left Aave to face its biggest challenge yet. The mechanics took roughly one transaction.
At 17:35 UTC on April 18, an attacker sent a crafted message to Kelp DAO’s LayerZero-powered cross-chain bridge. The bridge accepted it as legitimate and released 116,500 rsETH, worth about $293 million and roughly 18% of the token’s entire circulating supply, to a wallet that had been funded through Tornado Cash ten hours earlier. No ETH ever changed hands on the other side, which means rsETH was effectively spun out of thin air.
The attacker did not try to sell it. They deposited it into Aave V3 as collateral and borrowed real wrapped ether against it, then repeated the trick on Aave V4. By the time Kelp’s emergency multisig froze the protocol’s core contracts 46 minutes later, the WETH was gone.
Two follow-up attempts at 18:26 and 18:28 UTC, each trying to drain another 40,000 rsETH, reverted into the pause, but the first hit was already reverberating across DeFi.
Twenty-four hours later, Aave is carrying between $177 million and $236 million in bad debt, its TVL has dropped by roughly $6 billion, according to DeFiLlama, its WETH market is pinned at 100% utilization, and the AAVE token is down more than 18%.
SparkLend, Fluid, and Upshift have all paused or frozen rsETH. rsETH on more than 20 chains is of uncertain backing. Ethereum itself has barely moved.
It is now, by size, the largest DeFi exploit of 2026.
How it happened
rsETH is Kelp’s liquid restaking token. Every rsETH is supposed to represent a real claim on ETH deposited into Kelp and restaked across EigenLayer operators. That one-to-roughly-one relationship is why some money markets have been willing to treat rsETH as ETH-correlated collateral.
rsETH lives on more than 20 networks and moves between them through a LayerZero messaging layer. When a user locks rsETH on one chain, the bridge on the destination chain is supposed to mint or release an equivalent amount only after it verifies a valid message from the source.
The attacker found a way to make that verification accept a message that corresponded to no real deposit, so that 116,500 rsETH were released without the corresponding ETH being locked anywhere. Kelp’s vault reserves did not move, but its liability, denominated in rsETH, grew by 18%.
How Aave became the exit door
This is where the story gets uncomfortable for Aave.
Kelp’s bridge is the proximate cause of the mint. But the reason this turned into $200 million of hard damage rather than a localized, recoverable incident is that Aave had, by design, made rsETH one of the most capital-efficient collateral types in DeFi.
Supply caps were large enough to accommodate an entire $292M deposit. Borrow caps on WETH were sized such that a single attacker could withdraw well over $200M of real ether in a handful of transactions. Liquidation thresholds assumed rsETH would trade at or near peg.
The listing reviews and parameter tuning by Chaos Labs, Block Analitica, and LlamaRisk treated rsETH as what it had been in practice: a conservatively collateralized liquid re-staking token (LRT) with a boring price history.
That’s why the attacker was able to use a single forged message on a bridge to drain real assets out of the largest lender in DeFi.
Billions of WETH left Aave
After the attacker borrowed WETH against unbacked rsETH, WETH suppliers started to withdraw their own funds, likely on speculation that first-movers would be made whole while last-movers would eat the residual loss. By Sunday morning, $5.4 billion of ETH and WETH had left Aave.
WETH pool utilization hit 100%, which means WETH depositors can no longer withdraw.
The borrow positions are effectively unliquidatable. The collateral cannot be redeemed at Kelp and will not trade near peg once the scale of unbacked supply is fully digested. No profitable liquidation path exists.
Aave Labs said on X that Aave’s contracts were not compromised. But “no bug” doesn’t necessarily mean “no problem.”
Aave’s Umbrella insurance fund holds about $50 million. Aave-specific bad debt is roughly $196 million concentrated in the rsETH / WETH pair on Ethereum. The gap is where the next few weeks of governance will happen.
The waterfall, in order: aWETH Umbrella stakers absorb the first slice via automatic slashing; WETH suppliers take a pro-rata haircut on their deposits; stkAAVE holders are next if governance activates a deeper slash; and the DAO treasury could fund a repayment proposal.
Aave’s Guardian froze rsETH and wrsETH across every deployment. Aave V4’s Security Council disabled supply and borrow on both the Core Hub and the Kelp E-Spoke. A Risk Stewards proposal to reduce the WETH Slope1 is already live, aimed at pulling new supply back in.
Contagion spreads
SparkLend, Fluid, and Upshift froze rsETH within hours. The exception is Morpho: CEO Paul Frambot said exposure is about $1 million across two isolated markets, with other vaults entirely unaffected. Morpho’s architecture isolates each market so bad debt in one pair cannot propagate.
rsETH itself now has a backing problem across 20-plus chains until Kelp publishes a clean reconciliation of reserves against outstanding supply. Any protocol that accepts wrsETH as collateral is exposed until that accounting is public.
LayerZero’s messaging layer will also take scrutiny as the path manipulated in Kelp’s bridge is not unique to Kelp.
Kelp follows the $285 million Drift hack on April 1, the $80M Resolv Labs exploit in March, and a string of infrastructure-level compromises. Cumulative DeFi losses for 2026 are between $450 and $482 million across roughly 45 protocols.
Crypto World
Previewing Consensus’ Policy Summit: State of Crypto
As readers of this newsletter may be aware, Congress has spent the past few months debating market structure legislation, but crypto policy discussions encompass so many more issues than just the one: taxes, decentralized finance regulations, the midterm election, states and so much more. CoinDesk’s Consensus Miami conference next month is going to examine each of these issues in depth.
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This newsletter has noted in the past how significant policy changes around digital assets have become. Last year saw U.S. President Donald Trump sign the first significant crypto-specific piece of legislation. Regulators have completely changed their approach to enforcement actions. Congress has spent the past few months debating not the broad contours of what a market structure bill could look like nor whether we’ll even have a bill, but the finer details of issues like the treatment of stablecoin yield.
In other words: Crypto’s made it.
This was true last year, to be fair. The crypto industry, fresh off of its electoral wins in 2024, took a victory lap as bitcoin’s price soared to over $120,000 and legislation seemed imminent. Things have soured a little bit this year; crypto prices have been largely stagnant amid broader economic stresses and time is running out for Congress to pass market structure legislation in its current form. It’s not all bad news: regulators have begun proposing rules for stablecoin companies based on last year’s GENIUS Act, lawmakers are seriously considering reforms to U.S. crypto tax policy and it really does seem that this industry has cemented itself to the point where it cannot be dismissed.
So what’s next? The industry’s still seeking tax reform, with a de minimis exemption for crypto transactions, hoping the market structure bill will become law without overly burdening the industry and — of course — looking ahead to November, when the U.S. will pick the next Congress.
We’ll be picking up these threads next month at Consensus Miami, our annual shindig bringing together basically everyone.
You’ll hear from leading lawmakers like Senators Kirsten Gillibrand and Ashley Moody, regulators like CFTC Chairman Mike Selig and the White House point man on crypto Patrick Witt, and Congressional staffers across the three-day conference. Congressman Steven Horsford (D-Nev.), who recently introduced a new version of the Parity Act to address crypto taxations, will participate in a discussion about the bill. We’ll also host a meetup for folks interested in chatting about the election or just generally about the policy landscape.
And we are bringing back the Policy & Regulation Summit: an entire day, and an entire stage, dedicated to exploring key policy and regulatory issues in-depth.
The policy summit is designed to explore some of the biggest questions lawmakers, regulators, compliance officers and/or builders have to answer right now, including whether or how decentralized finance can comply with anti-money laundering rules, how to deal with taxes in the new 1099-DA era, what the deal is with the Clarity Act and how states are approaching this sector.
We’ll have an entire series of sessions focused on the 2026 midterm election, including how the crypto industry is engaging with the election and what we can expect next year when the new Congress takes over.
Along the way, we’ll hear from folks deeply embedded in the policymaking process, such as SEC Crypto Task Force chief Taylor Lindman, former IRS officials Seth Wilks and Raj Mukherjee and the National Futures Association’s Lucy Hynes, among so many others.
We’re going to close the Policy Summit — and all of Consensus really — with a debate on one of the biggest topics in the country right now: prediction markets. Are they just gambling? Or are prediction markets a novel financial instrument? And who should regulate these products?
These questions are likely to wind up before the U.S. Supreme Court, but we’re going to preview the arguments for you on May 7. Come on through (discount code in the link) and say hi.
Tuesday
- 14:00 UTC (10:00 a.m. ET) The Senate Banking Committee will hold the nomination hearing for Kevin Warsh, Donald Trump’s pick to helm the Federal Reserve.
If you’ve got thoughts or questions on what I should discuss next week or any other feedback you’d like to share, feel free to email me at nik@coindesk.com or find me on Bluesky @nikhileshde.bsky.social.
You can also join the group conversation on Telegram.
See ya’ll next week!
Crypto World
XRP ETF Inflows Reach $55M Weekly High as Price Faces Resistance Near $1.445
TLDR:
- XRP ETFs saw $55.39M inflows, reflecting steady demand but not strong institutional conviction yet.
- Price action shows rejection near $1.445, reinforcing a strong resistance zone in the short term.
- Long liquidations dominate recent data, signaling pressure on bullish traders and weak momentum.
- Sustained ETF inflows and a breakout above resistance are needed to confirm a stronger trend.
XRP exchange-traded funds recorded $55.39 million in net inflows last week, marking their strongest weekly performance this year.
The figure signals improving investor interest, although broader data shows a measured pace rather than an aggressive shift in institutional positioning.
ETF Inflows Show Measured Demand Growth
Sosovalue data points to a steady but controlled rise in capital entering XRP-linked investment products. Weekly inflows of $55.39 million represent roughly five percent of the estimated $1 billion in total assets under management across these funds. This level reflects moderate participation rather than rapid accumulation.
A tweet from Whale Insider reported the weekly inflow figure while framing it as the strongest performance of 2026. The post drew attention to XRP ETFs offered by firms such as Bitwise and Grayscale, alongside futures-based products from ProShares and Teucrium.
The composition of these inflows remains a key factor in assessing market direction. Spot-based ETFs often indicate longer-term positioning, while futures-based funds can reflect short-term strategies or hedging activity. Therefore, without a clear breakdown, the inflow figure alone does not define investor intent.
Consistency in fund flows remains an important measure. A single week of stronger inflows does not establish a sustained trend. Market participants continue to watch whether similar levels persist across multiple weeks, especially in spot-focused products.
XRP Price Action Reflects Short-Term Pressure
At the time of observation, XRP traded at $1.4238, posting a daily decline of 0.81 percent. Intraday movement ranged between $1.415 and $1.445, showing a narrow but active trading band. The session opened with sideways movement, indicating limited conviction among traders.
Midday trading introduced sharper selling pressure, pushing the price toward the $1.415 level. This zone marked the lowest point of the day and attracted renewed attention as a short-term support area. The move suggested liquidation activity or a shift in short-term sentiment.
Later in the session, XRP rebounded toward $1.445 but failed to maintain upward momentum. The rejection near this level reinforced it as a resistance zone. Price action then returned closer to $1.42, reflecting continued hesitation among buyers.
Short-term performance metrics remain slightly negative, with losses across both four-hour and daily timeframes. Meanwhile, the seven-day performance shows a gain of nearly five percent, indicating a partial recovery phase. However, longer-term data continues to reflect a broader downward trend.
Liquidation data adds further context to recent movements. Over the past 24 hours, long positions accounted for the majority of liquidations, exceeding short liquidations by a wide margin. This pattern suggests that leveraged bullish trades faced sustained pressure during recent price swings.
Repeated tests of the $1.42 support level may weaken its strength over time. Meanwhile, resistance between $1.435 and $1.445 continues to limit upward movement. Traders are monitoring whether price consolidates within this range or breaks toward new levels.
Market activity remains closely tied to liquidity flows and broader sentiment. While ETF inflows provide one layer of insight, price structure and liquidation trends continue to shape near-term direction.
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