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White House backs stablecoin yield

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Crypto bros feel the burn

The latest crypto update from Washington reshaped the CLARITY Act debate on Wednesday when the White House Council of Economic Advisers published a 21-page analysis finding that banning stablecoin yield would increase bank lending by just 0.02 percent, directly undercutting the banking industry’s central argument for restricting the product.

Summary

  • The CEA report finds that prohibiting stablecoin yield would boost traditional lending by approximately $2.1 billion, equal to 0.02 percent of total loans, with 76 percent of that benefit flowing to large banks rather than the community lenders whose protection has driven the banking lobby’s position
  • A ban would produce a net welfare loss of $800 million, meaning consumer costs outweigh any benefit to the financial system; the report also warns that tightening the CLARITY Act’s yield language further would be counterproductive
  • Coinbase CPO Faryar Shirzad welcomed the findings while the banking industry pushed back, calling the conclusions beside the point, and the Senate Banking Committee markup remains targeted for late April

The Bloomberg report on the CEA analysis landed as the CLARITY Act remained deadlocked over the same stablecoin yield dispute that has stalled it since January. The study uses a model calibrated with Federal Reserve and FDIC data on deposits, lending, and bank liquidity, alongside stablecoin industry disclosures and academic estimates of how consumers move funds between assets. Its core finding is that when consumers buy stablecoins, the funds are typically reinvested in Treasury bills and redeposited into the banking system, leaving aggregate deposit levels largely unchanged regardless of whether yield is permitted.

The report’s bluntest conclusion: “In short, a yield prohibition would do very little to protect bank lending, while forgoing the consumer benefits of competitive returns on stablecoin holdings.”

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The analysis hands crypto firms a White House-backed economic rebuttal to the banking lobby’s primary argument. The American Bankers Association has warned for months that stablecoins paying yield could drain deposits from community lenders, with the Independent Community Bankers of America estimating losses as high as $1.3 trillion. The CEA tested those numbers and found them implausible. Even under a scenario where the stablecoin market grew sixfold, reserves became unlendable, and the Federal Reserve abandoned its current framework, the lending boost from a ban would reach only 6.7 percent. The report describes those conditions as simultaneously implausible. Coinbase CPO Faryar Shirzad called the findings confirmation “that stablecoins aren’t a threat to community banks.”

What the Banking Industry Is Saying Back

Banking sources immediately pushed back, arguing the report underestimates how deposit outflows change the form in which funds return to banks, shifting them from lendable deposits into reserve assets that cannot be lent out. The American Bankers Association and Financial Services Forum said they want any legislative deal to support “the local lending to families and small businesses that drives economic growth.” That structural distinction between deposit forms, which the CEA model does not fully address, remains the contested ground in the negotiation.

What Comes Next Before the May Window Closes

As crypto.news has reported, the CLARITY Act is caught between four factions each with effective veto power over different parts of the bill. As crypto.news has noted, missing the May Senate window risks pushing the bill into midterm season, where the legislative calendar and Democratic incentives to cooperate both narrow sharply. The White House report is the most significant shift in the negotiation since the markup collapsed in January, and whether it unlocks a Senate vote by May is the question the industry is now watching closest.

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x402 Protocol Adopts Usage-Based AI Compute Pricing for Requests

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Crypto Breaking News

Coinbase has rolled out a notable upgrade to the x402 protocol, introducing usage-based pricing for agentic AI compute tasks and moving away from the longstanding flat-fee model. The new “Upto” scheme is live, according to Coinbase’s Developer Platform, and is designed to unlock variable-cost services such as large language model inference, data queries, and other AI-backed compute operations.

According to Coinbase, the change addresses a key limitation of the earlier model: fixed prices for all requests, which worked well for deterministic APIs but capped the economics of services where cost scales with usage, token counts, or query complexity. The Upto framework is built as an Ethereum-compatible layer, with ERC-20 support on the tokens side and the CDP Facilitator enabling fully gasless payments on the client side.

Key takeaways

  • Upto introduces usage-based pricing on x402, replacing the prior fixed-fee approach for agentic AI tasks.
  • Sellers can set maximum prices for tasks; buyers authorize these caps, while actual charges reflect the real resources consumed, potentially reducing overpayment.
  • The scheme operates on an EVM-compatible layer and supports ERC20 tokens; the underlying CDP Facilitator enables gasless payments.
  • Adoption of x402 has cooled since its November peak, with data from Dune Analytics showing a sharp decline in weekly transactions through Q1 2026.
  • Governance has shifted toward broader industry participation, as the Linux Foundation now hosts the protocol, with major tech players like Google, Microsoft, and AWS holding stakes through the x402 Foundation.

From flat fees to flexible usage: what Upto changes for AI compute payments

Under the Upto scheme, sellers can cap the price they’re willing to accept for a given task, while buyers pre-authorize a ceiling. If costs are lower than the maximum, the system charges only what the task actually requires. This marks a shift from the previous regime, where simple and complex requests were priced the same, leaving users exposed to overpayment or underpayment depending on task complexity.

The practical effect for developers and AI operators is twofold. First, it introduces price discovery at the task level, aligning payments with real resource usage rather than a blanket rate. Second, it can reduce friction for experiments with agentic AI workflows, where costs can be highly variable based on token streams, compute duration, and the intricacy of the queries being processed.

In addition, the architecture remains compatible with existing crypto rails: Upto is described as an EVM-compatible layer, while the CDP Facilitator supports gasless transactions, which can streamline experiences for end users who expect near-instant, fee-free onboarding and execution from their wallets. These elements are crucial as developers explore widespread AI agent deployment, where the cost of inference and data access can swing dramatically over time.

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Market backdrop: adoption trends and what this means for agentic AI payments

Even as Coinbase markets Upto as a practical remedy to pricing frictions, the broader x402 ecosystem has faced a notable retrenchment in 2026. Dune Analytics data shows that after peaking during a standout week in early November, the network’s activity faded considerably. During the week of November 4–10, x402 processed about 13.7 million transactions — its all-time high for weekly volume — but weekly transaction counts have since fallen below the 1 million mark in early January and continued to slide into the first quarter. By the last week of March, total activity stood at roughly 112,708 transactions, underscoring a sharp deceleration in adoption.

The shift matters for any assessment of agentic AI’s economics. A pricing regime that ties costs more tightly to actual usage could help rebuild demand if buyers and sellers can reliably predict costs for complex AI tasks. It also heightens the importance of on-chain efficiency, instant settlement, and cost transparency as usage grows. While Upto directly targets cost alignment for AI workloads, the broader question remains: will pricing flexibility alone reverse the recent downtrend, or will buyers demand additional incentives—faster settlement, more interoperable primitives, or deeper tooling support for AI agents?

Governance and industry backing: Linux Foundation and big-tech stake

In a significant governance development, the x402 protocol’s ownership was moved to the nonprofit Linux Foundation earlier this month. The shift signals an emphasis on open governance and standardization as AI agentic services expand. The ecosystem is already backed by a coalition of large technology companies that hold stakes in the protocol through the x402 Foundation, including Google, Microsoft, and Amazon Web Services. This collective involvement reflects industry-wide interest in creating interoperable payment rails that can scale with AI agent usage.

Beyond pure technical advantages, the move toward neutral stewardship and broad platform participation could influence how future deployments are designed and audited. For developers and enterprise users, such governance structures may offer greater assurances around compatibility, security standards, and long-term maintenance, which are critical as agentic AI services move from experiments to production workloads.

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What to watch next

Several development vectors will shape x402’s trajectory in the near term. First, the uptake of Upto will be measured by real-world pilots and early adopters testing AI agent workloads with variable costs. Observers will be watching whether usage-based pricing can rekindle activity on a network that saw a steep decline through Q1 2026. Second, ecosystem momentum around the x402 Foundation will matter: any new collaborations, standardized interfaces, or tooling improvements could accelerate diffusion among developers and enterprises who want frictionless payment primitives for AI services.

Finally, the industry’s ongoing conversation about agentic AI economics—how to monetize autonomous compute, data access, and inference at scale—will intersect with pricing innovations like Upto. If the model proves durable, it could influence other protocols seeking to support dynamic workloads and near-instantaneous settlements in AI-driven ecosystems.

Readers should monitor updates from Coinbase and the x402 Foundation for pilots and performance metrics as usage-based pricing becomes more widely tested in practical AI workflows. As the market weighs these changes, the central questions remain: will usage-based pricing unlock renewed demand, and can governance-backed protocols deliver the reliability that builders and users require for agentic AI at scale?

Risk & affiliate notice: Crypto assets are volatile and capital is at risk. This article may contain affiliate links. Read full disclosure

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The U.S. Treasury opens cyber threat-sharing channel for crypto firms

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The U.S. Treasury opens cyber threat-sharing channel for crypto firms

The U.S. Treasury has launched a cybersecurity information-sharing program to give U.S. digital asset firms timely, actionable intel on threats targeting their customers and networks.

Summary

  • The U.S. Treasury’s OCCIP has unveiled a new initiative to strengthen cybersecurity across the digital asset industry.
  • The program will share timely, actionable cyber threat information with eligible U.S. crypto companies and industry groups.
  • The move implements a key recommendation from the President’s Working Group report on enhancing U.S. leadership in digital financial technology.

The U.S. Treasury Department has launched a new cybersecurity information‑sharing program aimed at hardening the digital asset industry against increasingly sophisticated attacks. The initiative, run through the Office of Cybersecurity and Critical Infrastructure Protection (OCCIP), will distribute timely, actionable threat intelligence to eligible U.S. digital asset companies and industry groups so they can better detect, prevent, and respond to cyber threats targeting their customers and networks.

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Treasury’s move implements a key recommendation from the President’s Working Group on Financial Markets, set out in its report “Enhancing the U.S. Leadership in Digital Financial Technology.” By formalizing a dedicated channel between federal cyber teams and crypto‑adjacent firms, the program effectively treats major digital asset players as part of critical financial infrastructure, rather than as a separate, loosely connected sector.

In practice, participating firms can expect early warnings on active campaigns, indicators of compromise, and best‑practice guidance tailored to exchanges, wallet providers, custodians, and other digital asset intermediaries. The goal is to move from reactive disclosure after a breach to proactive defense before attacks spread across multiple platforms and service providers.

For an industry that has historically relied on informal back‑channels and ad hoc coordination during incidents, Treasury’s framework marks a shift toward more structured public‑private cooperation. The success of the effort, however, will depend on how many firms choose to participate, how quickly information flows in both directions, and whether smaller providers — often the weakest links — are able to plug into the new system as effectively as the largest U.S. players.

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Bhutan Moves More Bitcoin as Sovereign Stash Drops Below 4,000 BTC

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Bhutan Moves More Bitcoin as Sovereign Stash Drops Below 4,000 BTC

Bhutan moved more Bitcoin from its sovereign-linked wallet on Thursday, further reducing its once sizeable BTC stash and extending its months-long selling. 

Arkham data showed a wallet attributed to the Royal Government of Bhutan and its investment arm Druk Holding & Investment, transferred about 319 Bitcoin (BTC), worth roughly $22.68 million, bringing total outflows since late October 2024 to more than 9,000 BTC.

The transfer follows a series of recent wallet movements by the country flagged by Arkham. In March alone, the Bhutan-tagged wallet moved more than 1,667 BTC (roughly $120 million), taking Bhutan’s Bitcoin holdings from about 13,000 BTC in late 2024 to 3,654 BTC in April, according to Arkham Intelligence’s tracking dashboard.

While that constitutes a roughly 70% drop in the country’s BTC holdings, Bhutan is still the fifth-largest publicly tracked nation-state holder, behind the United States (328,000 BTC), the United Kingdom (61,000 BTC), El Salvador (7,600 BTC) and the United Arab Emirates (7,000 BTC).

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Bhutan has not publicly commented on the recent disposals, and the activity is inferred from wallet labels and transaction patterns tied to the government and Druk Holding & Investment.

Bhutan’s BTC holdings drop to under 4,000 BTC. Source: Arkham

Bhutan’s green Bitcoin strategy

The kingdom built much of its position through state-backed mining that uses hydropower to support data centers, a strategy officials have framed as part of a “green Bitcoin economy” and a way to diversify export revenues beyond electricity sales.

Bhutan uses surplus, carbon-free hydropower to run energy-intensive supercomputers that mine Bitcoin, turning excess electricity into a liquid digital export and exploring whether large corporations could buy its “green” coins to meet environmental, social and governance targets.

Related: Bhutan to deploy Sei validator in Q1, eyes tokenization collab

In December 2025, Bhutan unveiled a national Bitcoin Development Pledge committing up to 10,000 BTC (roughly $1 billion at the time) to support the long-term development of its Gelephu Mindfulness City special administrative region. 

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Authorities said the allocation would be managed through options such as using Bitcoin as collateral, low-risk yield-generating instruments or long-term holding as part of a broader strategy to anchor the new economic hub in digital assets and sustainable finance.

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