Crypto World
Why is the crypto market going up today? (March 13)
The crypto market rose 2.4% to $2.51 trillion on Friday primarily due to a shift in global risk sentiment following signals of potential de-escalation in the Middle East.
Summary
- Crypto prices rebounded on Friday after crude oil prices retreated following multi-year highs.
- A wave of short liquidations across leveraged markets and back-to-back inflows into major crypto ETFs also supported the recovery.
Bitcoin (BTC), the leading crypto asset by market cap, rallied nearly 4%, hitting close to the $72,000 mark. Ethereum (ETH) was up 4.3% over the past day, trading at $2,100 when writing. Other major crypto assets, such as BNB (BNB), XRP (XRP), Solana (SOL), and Dogecoin (DOGE), had also posted modest gains on the day.
It should be noted that today’s market rally was a standalone event as it detached from both the U.S. traditional stock indexes and tech stocks. The Dow Jones Industrial Average dropped by 739 points or 1.56% in U.S. trading hours, while tech-heavy stocks such as the S&P 500 and Nasdaq-100 fell by 103 and 431 points, respectively.
The crypto market rallied as Investor risk-on sentiment improved after oil prices dropped sharply across the globe. Notably, Brent crude oil fell over 7% today, easing immediate fears of inflation and providing a more favorable environment for digital assets.
Short liquidations mount
As crypto prices rallied, it caught short sellers off guard, triggering liquidations of these highly leveraged positions. Data from CoinGlass shows that nearly $246 million was liquidated from leveraged markets, with the majority coming from short positions.
The total crypto market open interest also rose 5.2% on Friday, signalling that investors were injecting fresh capital into the market.
ETF inflows and Coinbase premium
Inflows into spot ETF products have also supported the recent gains. According to data from SoSoValue, on Thursday, $53.87 had entered spot Bitcoin ETFs, which marks the fourth straight day of inflows for these funds. A similar trend was visible across their Ethereum counterparts, which have posted three back-to-back days of inflows.
At the same time, Coinbase Premium has also risen sharply over the past 24 hours, indicating that U.S. institutions are paying a premium over global prices to secure Bitcoin. Traders often view this as a strong bullish signal that institutional “smart money” is leading the current market charge.
Crypto market rallied following Trump’s recent comments
Crypto prices also benefited after U.S. President Donald Trump recently hinted that the ongoing war between the two countries may be coming to an end.
This seemed to have calmed investor fears of a prolonged war, which in turn sparked a risk-on sentiment among investors who have begun moving capital from safe havens back into risk assets like crypto.
Disclosure: This article does not represent investment advice. The content and materials featured on this page are for educational purposes only.
Crypto World
Pi Network coin price jumps +30% after Kraken listing ahead of Pi Day
The price of Pi Network surged more than 30% on March 13 after a fresh exchange listing and growing anticipation around the project’s upcoming Pi Day event.
Summary
- Pi Network’s token surged more than 30% after being listed on Kraken.
- A mainnet protocol upgrade and Pi Day hype are adding to bullish sentiment.
- Technically, $0.30 is the next resistance, while $0.25 acts as key support.
According to data, the token climbed roughly 31% in a single day, driven primarily by the listing of PI on Kraken, one of the largest global crypto exchanges.
The listing significantly expanded trading access to the asset and sparked renewed interest among traders.
In addition to the exchange listing, the Pi Network ecosystem is currently undergoing a mainnet protocol upgrade tied to Step 3 node migration, which could further strengthen network infrastructure as the project progresses through its development roadmap.
Market enthusiasm is also building ahead of Pi Day, an annual event celebrated by the Pi community that often coincides with ecosystem announcements and product updates.
The combination of a major exchange listing, technical upgrades and community momentum has helped fuel the token’s latest rally.
Pi Network coin price analysis
The attached price chart shows PI breaking out of a multi-week consolidation phase. The token recently traded around $0.29, climbing sharply from roughly $0.21 earlier this month, reflecting a strong bullish move.

Momentum indicators also point to increasing buying pressure. The relative strength index (RSI) sits near 70, indicating strong upward momentum but also approaching overbought territory.
This suggests the rally could continue in the short term, though some traders may watch for potential profit-taking.
From a technical perspective, $0.30 represents the next key resistance level, a psychological barrier that could determine whether the rally extends further. On the downside, support appears near the $0.25 region, which previously acted as a breakout zone during the latest price surge.
If buying pressure continues into Pi Day, analysts say the token could see additional volatility as traders react to potential announcements from the Pi Network team.
Crypto World
Bitcoin tops $72,000 as crypto rallies despite stronger dollar: Crypto Markets Today
Bitcoin rose through $72,000 during European hours on Friday, rising by 2% since midnight UTC and outpacing gains in U.S. equity indexes.
Futures on the Nasdaq 100 and S&P 500 index dropped during Asian trading hours before recovering. Both are now in the green. The U.S. Dollar Index (DXY), meanwhile, broke above 100, a move that typically puts pressure on risk assets like cryptocurrencies and stocks.
Today, however, the crypto market seems relatively immune to that pressure, with notable gains across the board. The CoinDesk 20 Index (CD20) is 1.1% higher since midnight.
If bitcoin can break above $74,000, a level it has failed to penetrate recently, on convincing volume, it might trigger a breakout back to the $80,000 region. Otherwise, it is likely to revert to a trading range that dates back to Feb. 5.
The war in Iran continued to rage Friday morning, with fresh strikes being detected in Tehran and Dubai, keeping oil around $100 per barrel.
Derivatives positioning
- Cumulative industry-wide futures open interest (OI) increased 5% to $107.6 billion over the past 24 hours, signaling continued capital inflows as bitcoin and other tokens remain rock steady amid turmoil in global equity markets.
- Bitcoin’s (OI) rose to 687,200 BTC, the most since Feb. 25. Ether’s (ETH) grew to 13.72 million, the highest since Jan. 30. Annualized perpetual funding rates and cumulative volume deltas for both remain positive, a combination indicating investor bias toward bullish plays.
- In XRP, OI surged nearly 10% to $1.86 billion, the most since Feb. 6. Coupled with positive funding rates, this suggests renewed investor capital deployment for bullish bets. Open interest in SOL, ADA and SUI futures also saw notable increases.
- Bitcoin’s annualized 30-day implied volatility index (BVIV) dropped to a two-week low of 55%, supporting the case for continued spot price rallies. Ether’s volatility is falling as well. This stability contrasts with heightened volatility in the U.S. Treasury market.
- On Deribit, bitcoin puts remain pricier than calls, a sign of lingering demand for downside protection. For ETH, the put premium at the long end has nearly evaporated, hinting at a bullish reset.
- Block flows featured demand for bitcoin put spreads and ether call spreads.
Token talk
- The altcoin market also showed strength on Friday. U.S.- president-themed memecoin TRUMP surged by more than 30% in 24 hours after the announcement of a “gala luncheon” with Donald Trump for the top 297 token holders.
- Artificial intelligence (AI) tokens bittensor (TAO) and artificial super intelligence alliance (FET) both climbed by 14% as investors continue to speculate on a wider market breakout.
- CoinMarketCap’s “Altcoin Season” index is now at 40/100, its highest point since Jan. 9.
- CoinDesk’s Computing Select Index (CPUS) is the leading benchmark over the past 24 hours, having increased by 6.5%. It is followed by the CoinDesk Memecoin Index (CDMEME) and the DeFi Select Index (DFX), which are up by 4% and 3.7%, respectively.
- One laggard over the past 24 hours has been canton (CC). The token of the institutional-focused layer-1 network is down by 4%, taking its loss over the past month to 11%.
Crypto World
XRP Price Outlook as Ripple Secures Australia AFSL
TLDR:
- Ripple secures Australia AFSL license, enabling regulated payment services and expanding XRP settlement infrastructure across APAC markets.
- XRP exchange outflows dominate recent data, signaling reduced sell-side liquidity despite broader crypto market pressure.
- XRP trades near $1.38 with declining weekly performance as market flows and infrastructure developments shape investor sentiment.
- XRP price outlook draws attention as regulatory progress and market flows shape current sentiment. Ripple recently secured an Australian Financial Services Licence in Australia.
XRP price outlook draws attention as regulatory progress and market flows shape current sentiment. Ripple recently secured an Australian Financial Services Licence in Australia. Meanwhile, XRP trades near $1.38 amid ongoing exchange outflows and cautious market conditions.
Ripple Expands Regulatory Footprint in Australia
A tweet from X Finance Bull reported that Ripple secured an Australian Financial Services Licence in Australia. The development enables regulated payment services across the country and the wider Asia-Pacific region.
The license allows Ripple to offer compliant payment operations through its enterprise payment network. Financial institutions may now access cross-border settlement solutions within the regulated Australian framework.
Industry observers view regulatory licensing as essential for institutional integration. Payment providers typically require legal clarity before adopting blockchain-based settlement systems.
Ripple’s regulatory entry positions the company within established financial infrastructure. The development expands Ripple’s presence in APAC financial markets and institutional payment corridors.
Institutional Settlement Pathways for XRP and RLUSD
An analyst noted institutions may access compliant settlement using XRP and RLUSD. The structure supports cross-border payments through a regulated digital asset infrastructure.
Stablecoins and bridge assets often serve different roles within settlement frameworks. RLUSD may provide price stability, while XRP supports rapid liquidity conversion between currencies.
Australia holds strong financial ties with regional economies across Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Payment corridors linking these markets may benefit from faster blockchain settlement systems.
Institutional participation often depends on licensing, banking partnerships, and regulatory clarity. Ripple’s expansion within Australia, therefore, strengthens the operational framework for enterprise payments.
Exchange Flows Show Persistent XRP Outflows
Data from CoinGlass tracks XRP spot inflow and outflow activity across cryptocurrency exchanges. The chart shows frequent exchange withdrawals through extended periods.
Exchange outflows typically indicate assets leaving trading platforms for private custody. Market participants often interpret sustained withdrawals as reduced immediate sell-side supply.
Several large netflow events appear between July and November. One spike approaches roughly $180 million in negative netflow during that period.
Despite these withdrawals, the XRP price trended lower through much of the observed timeline. Market demand appears weaker while broader crypto market conditions remain cautious.
Short inflow spikes appear across several trading sessions. Deposits often coincide with temporary price recoveries or volatility events.
Exchange inflows generally suggest traders may prepare to sell or rebalance positions. Such patterns frequently occur during short-term rallies.
The yellow price line on the chart shows a gradual decline from above $3.00. The asset later stabilized near the $1.40-$1.60 range.
At the time of writing, XRP trades near $1.38. The asset recorded about $2.35 billion in daily trading volume.
Market performance shows a slight 24-hour gain near 0.04%. Weekly performance remains negative with roughly a 2.86% decline.
Exchange flows and regulatory progress continue shaping the XRP price outlook. Market participants watch whether reduced supply eventually supports price stabilization.
Crypto World
XRP at $48? Key Technical Tool Shows Ripple’s Next Bull Run Target
Can XRP indeed skyrocket by over 3,000%?
Ripple’s cross-border token has showcased some mind-blowing price moves during its existence, and even in more recent years, when it became a household altcoin worth tens and even hundreds of billions of dollars.
Now, though, popular analyst Ali Martinez has made a bold claim that it could surge to $48 during the next bull run. He based these rather far-fetched (at the moment) findings on XRP’s multi-year triangle chart.
A multi-year triangle on $XRP points to $48 as a potential target for the next bull run. pic.twitter.com/QSZpGrIXn3
— Ali Charts (@alicharts) March 13, 2026
Can It Really, Though?
Even after today’s 4% surge, Ripple’s token trades at just over $1.40. This means that it would have to stage a hard-to-believe run of approximately 3,300% to reach Martinez’s target. We are not saying that this is impossible, but let’s put some perspective on what such a price tag would mean.
If XRP indeed taps $48 per token, this would mean that its market cap would skyrocket to a whopping $3 trillion level. And, this is based on XRP’s current supply, which, as we know, expands every month. Again, not that this is impossible, but it would break even bitcoin’s record, as the market leader’s peak in October 2025 was well below the $3 trillion mark.
In fact, XRP’s market cap would match Microsoft’s and surpass giants like Saudi Aramco, Meta, Tesla, and Amazon.
Obviously, such a rally would require time. Perhaps a few years until the peak of the next bull rally. And, XRP has shown in the past that it could post some incredible gains. But even during its post-US-election rally, when it skyrocketed from $0.50 to $3.60 in less than a year, its gains were a lot more modest – 620%. If it is to materialize the $48 target, it would need to be 5-6x that, which, again, is not impossible but highly, highly unlikely.
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Let’s Be More Realistic
Let’s leave the aforementioned big target away and focus more on the current XRP moves. Analyst CW noted earlier today that the token has begun to break out of its first sell wall, which is located around the $1.43 resistance. If it falls, the subsequent one is at around $1.50, meaning that there are quite a few obstacles before the breakout succeeds.
Nevertheless, the analyst doubled down that net buying of long XRP positions on the world’s largest crypto exchange has increased “significantly” lately, which could be the necessary push for that aforementioned breakout.
Net buying of long positions for $XRP on Binance is increasing significantly. pic.twitter.com/8vwOTASFvp
— CW (@CW8900) March 13, 2026
The Bollinger Bands on XRP’s trading chart are also squeezing, suggesting a major move ahead after a long period of sideways trading. However, the indicator doesn’t provide any hints in which direction the move would go.
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Crypto World
Bitcoin price prediction as BTC reaches weekly high despite US-Iran tensions
The price of Bitcoin climbed to a weekly high on March 13, defying geopolitical concerns tied to rising tensions between the United States and Iran.
Summary
- Bitcoin price reached a weekly high near $72,000, holding above the $70K level.
- Negative funding rates on Binance suggest many traders are still shorting the rally.
- A potential short squeeze could push BTC toward $75K if the rebound continues.
Bitcoin (BTC) was trading around $71,400, up about 1.2% on the day, according to the chart data, after briefly touching an intraday high near $72,000. The move pushed the world’s largest cryptocurrency back above the key $70,000 psychological level.
The rebound comes despite a fragile macro environment. Ongoing geopolitical tensions and concerns surrounding global oil markets have weighed on broader risk sentiment, conditions that typically make it difficult for speculative assets like Bitcoin to outperform.
However, on-chain data suggests that many traders remain skeptical about the rally.
According to market insights from CryptoQuant, derivatives market positioning shows a growing bearish bias among investors. Funding rates on Binance have remained negative for roughly a week, indicating that a majority of leveraged traders are betting against further price gains.

On March 10 and March 11, funding rates on Binance reportedly dropped below −0.006, an unusually negative level that signals strong short positioning in the market.
This dynamic could paradoxically support further upside for Bitcoin.
Historically, when funding rates reach extreme levels and a strong consensus forms around a bearish outlook, markets sometimes move in the opposite direction. If Bitcoin continues to push higher, short sellers may be forced to close positions, triggering a short squeeze that could accelerate the rally.
Bitcoin price analysis
The attached chart shows BTC gradually recovering from its February lows near $63,000, forming a sequence of higher lows in recent weeks.

Momentum indicators are also improving. The relative strength index (RSI) is around 54, suggesting bullish momentum is building while still remaining far from overbought territory.
Meanwhile, the Awesome Oscillator (AO) has shifted from deep negative territory in February to positive green bars above the zero line. The steady transition from red to green histogram bars indicates that bearish momentum has faded and bullish momentum is strengthening.
Importantly, the AO shows increasing positive bars in recent sessions, which typically signals growing upside momentum as short-term market strength begins to outpace the longer-term trend.
From a technical perspective, $72,000 represents the immediate resistance level. A confirmed breakout above that area could open the door for a move toward $75,000.
On the downside, $68,000–$69,000 acts as key support, while the $70,000 level remains a critical psychological threshold for maintaining bullish momentum.
Crypto World
Vitalik Buterin explains $500M SHIB donation, distances himself from AI safety lobbying
Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin has clarified the circumstances surrounding his massive 2021 crypto donation to the Future of Life Institute, while distancing himself from some of the group’s more recent policy approaches toward artificial intelligence.
Summary
- Vitalik Buterin clarified that his massive donation to the Future of Life Institute came from SHIB tokens sent to him during the 2021 memecoin boom.
- The institute reportedly converted roughly $500 million worth of SHIB despite Buterin expecting only a small portion could be sold.
- Buterin warned that centralized AI safety policies and large-scale lobbying efforts could create geopolitical tensions and unintended consequences.
Vitalik Buterin: AI safety risks losing trust if it becomes geopolitical power play
In a detailed post on X, Buterin explained that the funds originated from large quantities of dog-themed tokens, including Shiba Inu, which had been sent to his wallet by developers hoping to use his holdings as a marketing tactic.
According to Buterin, the tokens surged in value during the 2021 memecoin boom, with their peak “book value” exceeding $1 billion. Believing the rally was likely a bubble, he moved quickly to access the funds from cold storage, sold part of the holdings for Ether, and donated to several causes.
Buterin said he contributed roughly half of the remaining SHIB to India’s COVID-19 relief effort through CryptoRelief, while the other half went to the Future of Life Institute, an organization focused on existential risks such as artificial intelligence, nuclear threats and biotechnology.
He initially assumed the institute would only be able to liquidate between $10 million and $25 million worth of the tokens due to limited market liquidity. Instead, both CryptoRelief and the institute managed to convert around $500 million worth of SHIB.
However, Buterin said the organization later shifted its strategy toward cultural and political advocacy aimed at accelerating AI regulation in response to the perceived rapid arrival of artificial general intelligence.
While acknowledging their concerns, Buterin warned that large-scale coordinated political campaigns backed by substantial funding could produce unintended consequences and backlash.
“My worry is that large-scale coordinated political action with big money pools can easily lead to unintended outcomes,” he said.
Instead, Buterin said his preferred approach focuses on developing open-source technologies that improve resilience to high-risk scenarios, including stronger cybersecurity systems, secure hardware and pandemic detection tools.
He also cautioned that AI safety efforts could lose credibility globally if they become associated with attempts by specific companies or countries to dominate the technology.
Crypto World
USD/JPY and USD/CAD Continue to Rise Ahead of Key Data Releases
The US dollar continues to strengthen against major counterparts as markets await important macroeconomic data scheduled for release in the coming hours. Investors are focusing on US GDP figures, the Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) price index, and Canada’s labour market statistics. These releases could significantly influence expectations regarding the future policy path of the Federal Reserve and set the tone for currency market movements.
The strengthening of the US currency has also been supported by rising geopolitical tensions in the Middle East. Over the past 24 hours, the conflict involving Iran, the US, and Israel has intensified, leading to a sharp rise in oil prices and increased demand for safe-haven assets. Reports indicate strikes on tankers in the region, along with conflicting information about the potential closure of the Strait of Hormuz. Rising energy prices and heightened geopolitical risks are supporting the dollar as demand for liquid defensive assets increases. At the same time, market participants remain cautious ahead of key data releases that could alter expectations for interest rates.
USD/JPY
The USD/JPY pair continues to move higher and is trading near its annual highs. Technical analysis suggests the possibility of a downward pullback if the 159.45 level holds as resistance. However, if buyers manage to establish a firm break above this level, the pair could advance towards the 160.20–161.00 range.
Key events for USD/JPY:
- today at 14:30 (GMT+2): US GDP
- today at 14:30 (GMT+2): US Core PCE Price Index
- today at 16:00 (GMT+2): US Job Openings (JOLTS)

USD/CAD
The USD/CAD pair is also moving higher, although it remains significantly below its yearly highs compared with USD/JPY. Last week, the price found support near 1.3520, where a doji candlestick pattern formed, signalling a potential reversal. The pair is currently consolidating above 1.3600, and if the upward momentum continues, a test of recent highs in the 1.3720–1.3750 range may follow.
Key events for USD/CAD:
- today at 14:30 (GMT+2): Canada Employment Change
- today at 14:30 (GMT+2): Canada Unemployment Rate
- today at 14:30 (GMT+2): Canada Labour Force Participation Rate

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Crypto World
Bitcoin Outperforms Macro Assets in Iran Conflict as $72,000 Returns
Bitcoin (BTC) hit eight-day highs into Friday’s Wall Street open as markets awaited key US inflation cues.
Key points:
-
Bitcoin shows resilience despite macro market uncertainty with another push beyond $72,000.
-
Key US inflation data increased the chances of risk-asset volatility to come.
-
BTC price gains outperform macro assets since the start of the Iran conflict.
Trump demands Fed rate cut ahead of PCE print
Data from TradingView showed BTC/USD climbing past $72,000 on Bitstamp for the first time since March 5.

Bitcoin avoided a sell-off despite global uncertainty over the Middle East conflict and its impact on oil supplies. The week’s macro data prints from the US further conformed to expectations, decreasing the risk of excess market volatility.
Friday was due to see the Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) Index release for January — an important gauge known as the Federal Reserve’s “preferred” inflation measure.
The previous PCE print beat anticipated levels to hit its highest since late 2023.

Despite the oil crisis threatening a surge in inflationary forces, US President Donald Trump renewed demands for Fed Chair Jerome Powell to loosen policy.
“Where is the Federal Reserve Chairman, Jerome ‘Too Late’ Powell, today? He should be dropping Interest Rates, IMMEDIATELY, not waiting for the next meeting,” he wrote in a post on Truth Social.
As Cointelegraph reported, odds of a rate cut at the Fed’s March 18 meeting fell below 1% this week.

”Conviction is building” for Bitcoin bullish breakout
Among Bitcoin market participants, the focus was on price strength amid the macro chaos.
Related: Bitcoin’s ‘extremely precise’ macro signal puts $100K target back in play
“Bitcoin has remained surprisingly resilient following the recent geopolitical shock,” onchain analytics platform Glassnode summarized in the latest edition of its regular newsletter, “The Week Onchain.”
Glassnode flagged options-market activity showing that traders were less concerned about short-term risk.
“An accumulation cluster is forming in the $62k–$72k range. However, its intensity is modest relative to prior phases that preceded sustained expansions,” it continued in an X post on Thursday while analyzing the cost basis of investors hodling BTC for six months or less.
“Conviction is building, but the foundation for a mid-term breakout remains thin so far.”

Others noted that BTC/USD had outperformed other macro assets since the start of the events in Iran.
“Passing the geopolitical stress test,” Joe Consorti, head of growth at Bitcoin equity company Horizon, commented.
Bitcoin is the best-performing major asset since last month’s strikes on Iran.
BTC is up 7.3%, the S&P 500 and Nasdaq are down 1-2%, gold is down 3.7%, and silver is down over 10%.
Passing the geopolitical stress test. pic.twitter.com/vg2RvEh9OM
— Joe Consorti (@JoeConsorti) March 12, 2026
This article does not contain investment advice or recommendations. Every investment and trading move involves risk, and readers should conduct their own research when making a decision. While we strive to provide accurate and timely information, Cointelegraph does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of any information in this article. This article may contain forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Cointelegraph will not be liable for any loss or damage arising from your reliance on this information.
Crypto World
US Dollar Index (DXY) Rises Above the 100 Level
Today the US Dollar Index (DXY) climbed above the psychological 100 mark for the first time in 2026, supported by a tense fundamental backdrop, with the military conflict in the Middle East acting as the main driver.
→ Financial market participants are selling riskier assets (such as equities and emerging market currencies) and reallocating funds into the US dollar, which is traditionally viewed as a safe haven during periods of war.
→ Iran’s statements about potentially closing the Strait of Hormuz, along with strikes on fuel infrastructure, are driving oil prices higher and increasing global inflation risks.
→ The strength of the US economy is also supporting the dollar. Yesterday’s labour market data showed no increase in unemployment.

Technical Analysis of the DXY Chart
On the morning of 9 March, while analysing the US Dollar Index (DXY) chart, we:
→ updated the ascending channel (marked in blue), within which the index had set its yearly high at that time;
→ suggested that DXY price movements might begin to stabilise.
Between 9 and 12 March, the DXY chart showed a pullback followed by a renewed upward move, which remained within the range defined by last week’s levels:
→ support at 98.60;
→ resistance at 99.68.
However, the developments mentioned above allowed bulls to regain momentum and extend the rally within the blue channel. In other words, if the earlier fluctuations between these levels reflected a balance between supply and demand, then today, 13 March, buyers appear to be taking the initiative, showing a willingness to pay more for the US dollar.
At present, the market looks overbought, as:
→ the RSI indicator has moved above the 70 level;
→ the price is trading above the upper boundary of the channel that had contained it since late January.
In the short term, a modest pullback cannot be ruled out, although it is unlikely to significantly alter the current market picture.
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Crypto World
Solving Bitcoin’s gas issue (without a fork)
Disclosure: The views and opinions expressed here belong solely to the author and do not represent the views and opinions of crypto.news’ editorial.
Every smart contract platform has a fee asset baked in. For example, Ethereum (ETH) has ETH, Solana (SOL) has SOL, but with Bitcoin (BTC), however, things get messy. If you want expressive apps, you usually end up adopting a second network’s economics.
Summary
- Bitcoin doesn’t price computation, only block space. Unlike Ethereum or Solana, BTC’s fee market is built around sat/vB for transaction inclusion, not metering smart contract execution.
- Execution can move off-chain while settlement stays on Bitcoin. Systems like OpNet run contract logic in a Wasm VM while anchoring payments and final state changes through normal BTC transactions.
- BTC can function as the gas asset without a new token. By pricing execution costs in satoshis and settling interactions through Bitcoin transactions, apps avoid creating a second fee economy.
On Stacks, for example, you pay fees in STX. On EVM-style Bitcoin layers, you might be told that BTC is the gas token, but it’s typically an L2-native representation with EVM-like conventions (including 18 decimals), and you’re still operating inside that L2 environment. Bitcoin itself, meanwhile, already has a clean fee market, where users bid for block space in sat/vB, and miners prioritize higher fee rates.
With this in mind, what if a smart contract interaction could be initiated and paid for as a normal Bitcoin transaction, with fees in BTC terms (no extra gas token or fork) while the smart part runs elsewhere and stays provably tied back to Bitcoin? OpNet is setting out to provide an answer.
Bitcoin doesn’t meter compute (that’s a problem)
Bitcoin’s fee market is excellent at one thing: pricing block space. You compete in sat/vB, miners pick the highest fee rates, and the network stays simple and adversarially robust. What Bitcoin does not do is run a general-purpose execution environment where the chain can measure and charge for arbitrary computation. Bitcoin Script is deliberately stateless and not Turing-complete, specifically lacking loops or gotos, so every node can validate scripts predictably without opening the door to unbounded computation.
That’s why most Bitcoin smart contract approaches end up placing execution on a separate system that can meter compute and run a fee market of its own. Once you have that separate execution layer, it usually comes with a separate fee asset (Stacks, for instance, charges fees in STX).
This isn’t ideal, and a system where you could keep payment within Bitcoin’s native fee market while moving execution elsewhere would be preferable.
Execution isn’t what Bitcoin needs to do
Once you accept that Bitcoin Script is intentionally limited (stateless and not designed for unbounded computation), you start thinking about how to make Bitcoin settle the results and the payments.
Indeed, execution can happen in a dedicated virtual machine that’s built to run smart contract logic deterministically, while Bitcoin remains the base layer that timestamps, orders, and prices the interactions through its existing fee market. In OpNet’s design, contract logic is evaluated by a Wasm-oriented VM (OP-VM), while the broader node stack is explicitly built to manage and execute smart contracts using Bitcoin’s existing transaction and UTXO mechanics.
Crucially, this isn’t paired with a new fee asset. Bitcoin doesn’t need to meter computation to be the gas currency. It needs to be the final settlement layer that everything ultimately pays into and anchors to.
What a BTC-paid contract call looks like
Our interaction model follows a simulate-then-spend flow rather than a conventional smart contract execution pattern, with the final execution step taking place as an actual Bitcoin transaction. First, your app calls a contract method in simulation mode. That request goes through a provider to an OPNet node, which executes the contract in its VM and returns a CallResult (including gas/fee estimates) without broadcasting anything to Bitcoin.
If the call is state-changing, you take that CallResult and send it as an execution. At this point, the library builds a Bitcoin transaction, signs it, and broadcasts it to the Bitcoin network. Two points are worth remembering:
- Miner fees are Bitcoin-native. You choose a feeRate in sat/vB, optionally add a priorityFee in sats, and set a hard cap on fee spending via maximumAllowedSatToSpend (the parameter is literally named maximumAllowedSatToSpend).
- The contract target is expressed as a P2OP-style contract address. The contract instance exposes its p2op address format, and transactions reference a “p2op contract address” as the contract destination.
Meanwhile, OpNet’s own compute metering still exists. But it’s priced in satoshis (estimated SATS Gas, refunds in SATS, etc.), so the unit never drifts into a separate token economy.
Less friction, cleaner incentives
Users no longer have to adopt a second fee economy just to interact with apps. On Bitcoin, fees are already an auction for block space, priced per byte and paid to miners. When contract calls are just Bitcoin transactions, you’re back on familiar ground (with sat/vB fees, mempool churn, and miner incentives), without having to learn a separate gas token market.
Also, the tooling leans into standard Bitcoin workflows such as UTXO handling, provider connections, and even offline/cold signing. Contracts live in a Wasm runtime and are written in AssemblyScript, aiming for Solidity-like expressiveness without pretending Bitcoin Script suddenly became a VM.
Bitcoin as gas, without a second token
The claim that BTC cannot function as gas usually rests on the assumption that the base layer must meter computation to price it. Bitcoin does not meter computation; it meters block space and settles value.
The solution is to let a virtual machine handle execution deterministically, and then route every state-changing interaction through a standard Bitcoin transaction, where fees are expressed in familiar terms such as sat/vB and capped in satoshis. In our case, this is implemented at the client level through parameters like feeRate and maximumAllowedSatToSpend.
So maybe BTC-as-gas is truly plausible. Fees stay BTC-native from end to end, while the contract runtime stays WebAssembly-based (AssemblyScript → Wasm), which keeps the logic expressive without changing the fee currency.
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