Hollywood’s Greatest Epic Has Surprising Roots in the Wild West

The epics of Hollywood’s Golden Age are unlike anything the industry produces today. The enormous set pieces, colorful costumes, powerful performers, and iconic tales of deeply human drama that transcend the time periods in which they’re set — and Ben-Hur sets a high bar. You may not know that Ben-Hur was based on the novel Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ by Lew Wallace, which was first published in 1880. According to the U.S. National Endowment for the Humanities, it was second to the Bible itself in sales for decades until Margaret Mitchell‘s Gone with the Wind usurped the title. But while Ben-Hur is set in first-century Roman-occupied Judea, its roots go all the way back to the Wild West era of American expansion.

‘Ben-Hur’ Was Written By Governor Lew Wallace on the American Frontier

The famed 1959 Charlton Heston adaptation of Ben-Hur — which was first adapted as a silent picture in 1907, followed by a 1925 adaptation, a 2003 animated film, and a 2016 remake — is not only one of the most impressive technical marvels to find its way to the big screen, but easily among the most profound. Yet, the source material that sparked such a powerful epic was penned and published by author Lew Wallace while he served as Governor of the New Mexico Territory. Wallace had fought in both the Mexican-American War and the American Civil War, and at the tail end of the latter, even served on the commission investigating the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. After the war, he pursued politics, ultimately backing the Republican abolitionist Rutherford B. Hayes in the 1877 presidential race. It was Wallace’s earnest support for Hayes that earned him his governorship of New Mexico, and in 1878 he arrived in Sante Fe just after the worst of the famed Lincoln County War.

Although Wallace was tasked with settling the dispute, which some believe carried on as long as 1981 when Sheriff Pat Garrett reportedly killed outlaw and former “Lincoln County Regulator” Billy the Kid (aka William H. Bonney), it didn’t stop him from continuing his research into first-century Judea, nor from finishing his biblically-inspired epic. As noted by the General Lew Wallace Study & Museum, “[Wallace] completed the final chapters of the novel, especially those dealing with the crucifixion of Christ, while he was serving as Governor of the New Mexico Territory.” This means that Ben-Hur was in the works at the same time that Wallace met with the Kid in hopes to use his testimony against the corrupt officials involved in the Lincoln County War.

Although Bonney agreed to Wallace’s request, he only did so on the condition of a full pardon for the three murders he was charged with during the conflict. The governor agreed to the terms and the Kid testified, but the local district attorney refused to honor the deal, leading to Bonney’s eventual escape. Wallace was forced, then, to sign Billy the Kid’s death warrant, which was one of his final acts as governor. While Ben-Hur is the farthest thing from a traditional Western, Lew Wallace’s classic novel is undoubtedly a product of his time on the American frontier.

‘Ben-Hur’ Was Lew Wallace’s Literary Masterwork

Five months after Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ was published, Wallace resigned from his post. His weary attitude toward the West came just in time as, only a few years later, Ben-Hur became a source of great wealth and success for the former governor and general. He left behind politics altogether by 1885. Although Wallace hadn’t visited the Holy Land before writing the book, the National Endowment for the Humanities notes that he spent nearly a decade researching the Ancient Near-East and diligently studying the period. So, when he finally made it to Jerusalem in 1882, he was pleased with how well his work represented what he saw.

These days, Western audiences likely remember Lew Wallace as the governor who “betrayed” Billy the Kid. Fictional depictions of Wallace have appeared in movies like Pat Garrett and Billy the Kid and Young Guns II, as well as television shows like Death Valley Days. (His work on Ben-Hur was briefly noted in the MGM+ series Billy the Kid.) For the most part, Wallace’s literary contributions have been largely been divorced from his time in the Old West. Even so, Ben-Hur remains a powerful tale that transcends his brief governership on the frontier.