An expert A to Z guide to what’s in your laundry detergent

Builders

This is a catch-all term for chemicals that boost the cleaning efficiency of your detergents. Builders are used to soften water, which enhances the performance of your detergent. Sodium carbonate does this by raising the alkalinity of the water while silicates work to keep dirt off fabrics once it has been lifted and protect your washing machine against corrosion.

Capsules

Also known as pods or tabs, these are sachets containing liquid detergent. They’re quick and convenient because you don’t have to worry about dosing, but you can’t use them for pre-treating stains like you can with liquids. My top tip: place your pod at the back of the drum before you put the clothes in. This stops it from falling on the washing machine door and not mixing with the clothes. Some pods have sections that break down at different times in water, which helps to release ingredients like fabric softener at the right time in a wash cycle. If you live in a hard water area, you may need a double dose which can be costly.

Enzymes

Found in biological detergents, these are proteins that accelerate the breakdown of specific stain molecules. Just like how the enzymes in our bodies break down food, these chomp through tough stains including grease, sweat and blood. There are four classes of enzymes you might find on an ingredients list. Protease breaks down protein stains, such as blood, grass, egg and sweat; amylase is best for starchy stains, such as pasta or gravy; lipase handles fats and oils, including butter and cooking oil; while cellulase works on the cellulose fibres of fabric to prevent build-up on your clothes. Look for enzymes if you want to sanitise delicates without washing at high temperatures.

Fragrance-free

You should only see this on the packaging when there are no added perfumes or chemicals to create a scent.

Gels

Gels are a thicker variant of laundry liquids. They tend to come in squeezable bottles for easy application. You can apply them directly to the stains to treat them before washing.

Liquids

Liquids are thinner and runnier than gels. They penetrate fibres quickly making them great for delicates, but they’re prone to spilling which wastes product.