Melting ice is an emblem of climate change. For sea ice, the Arctic has been grabbing most of the headlines for its truly alarming rate of decline. But recently Antarctica has followed suit.

Around ten years ago everything changed. After decades of stability and within just a few years, an ocean area nearly the size of Greenland suddenly became sea-ice free. At first, scientists thought this could be a blip, but now it is described as a step change, with large ocean areas remaining ice free ever since.

This has dramatic consequences for the marine life of Antarctica. The ice decline was so sudden it challenged most existing computer models of the Southern Ocean and its ecosystems. Models tend not to predict step changes very well. Likewise, due to the sheer seismic suddenness of ice loss, the boots-on-the-ground fieldworkers could not scramble fast enough to document how the loss of sea ice was affecting the plants and animals living here.

Our 2025 study looked at ice loss from a different perspective. We used satellite imagery to pinpoint the exact wavelengths of light that are reflected from the upper ocean back into space.

Just like landscapes can be classified, we divided the ocean into distinct “seascapes”, based on the wavelengths of light that they reflect. This tells us about the phytoplankton – the tiny drifting planktonic algae that support the rest of the food web. Changes in light reflections indicate how much phytoplankton is present and also which types of species are present.

Surprisingly, we found that large and remote expanses of the Southern Ocean actually increased from very low concentrations of phytoplankton to more moderate levels. Nearly 70% of the Southern Ocean now has, on average, more phytoplankton since the ice declined around ten years ago.

This increase in food supply might sound good. But sea ice supports unique marine ecosystems, and in many ways. For example, it provides nooks and crannies for shelter and nursery. Sea ice also nurtures hotspots of food, supporting large algae called diatoms that are easily eaten and passed up Antarctic food chains.

Diatoms are a key food source for Antarctic krill, shrimp-like crustaceans which also need sea ice as a nursery habitat. Krill in turn are the food source for penguins, whales and other marine species, as well as being the target species for an important fishery valued in hundreds of millions of dollars.

Winners and losers

Krill do not seem to be benefiting from the increases in phytoplankton after the dramatic loss of sea ice. Instead, gelatinous filter feeders known as “salps” associate with the ice-free seascapes that have increased in size.

Salps are a colonial, barrel-shaped group of species that pump water through their transparent bodies, filtering out even the smallest phytoplankton. They are more nutritious than most jellyfish, but much less carbon rich than crustaceans such as krill, who help in the storage of carbon at depth.

A study by another team sheds more light on what was happening. They showed that the step-change in sea ice marked a sudden shift in phytoplankton composition. Suddenly, a group of tiny phytoplankton called cryptophytes started increasing.

Salps act like marine vacuum cleaners that can rapidly and efficiently remove even these small cryptophytes from the water. It looks like the recent low ice era has changed large expanses of ocean from having too little food even for salps into that sweet spot – not super-rich but just good enough for these vacuum cleaners to thrive.

These studies are just starting to map how the “new-normal” low-ice era is reshaping Antarctic ecosystems. Salps are not fished commercially, do not appear so important in storing carbon, and support different types of food chain. Any long-term shift in the relative dominance of krill and salps will have far-reaching ramifications for Southern Ocean ecosystems and their role in nutrient cycling.

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The latest Pixar film, Hoppers, is earning rave reviews from critics.

The animated original, which arrives in theaters March 6, follows 19-year-old environmentalist Mabel who “hops” into the mind of a beaver before attempting to help a colony save their habitat in a plot that has drawn comparisons to Avatar.

The film, which features a cast of voice actors including Piper Curda, Bobby Moynihan, Dave Franco, Jon Hamm and Meryl Streep, has earned a near-perfect score on review aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes, currently sitting at 97 percent.

Although that score may fluctuate as more reviews come in, it currently represents the best rating for a Pixar film in almost a decade since 2017’s Coco.

The first two Toy Story films both have a 100 percent rating on the site, while Toy Story 3, Finding Nemo, Inside Out and Up all scored 98 percent.

It is the first of two Pixar films slated to be released this year, with Toy Story 5 set to follow in June. In recent years, the animation studio has balanced original stories such as Luca, Elemental and Elio with sequels and spin-offs, including Lightyear and Inside Out 2.

They have already announced another original film, Gatto, for a 2027 release, and are reportedly working on two further sequels: Incredibles 3 and Coco 2.

Pixar first started in 1979 as the computer animation division of Lucasfilm. It was originally known as Graphics Group before it changed its name to Pixar in 1986, the same year it became an independent company backed by Apple founder Steve Jobs. In 1995, the studio released the groundbreaking Toy Story, the first fully computer-animated feature film. It was distributed by Disney, which later bought Pixar outright in 2006.

The Independent critic Clarisse Loughrey was among those who praised Hoppers. In her four-star review, she wrote: “Yes, it’s basically James Cameron’s Avatar, and director Daniel Chong and screenwriter Jesse Andrews are honest enough to admit that within the first 15 minutes of their film.

“That said, it’d be uncharitable to call Hoppers derivative, when it’s otherwise odd and spiky enough to carve out its own niche. Pixar, certainly, have only benefited from the energetic, expressive influence of anime on Western animation. All their creatures leap around the screen like they’ve just been electrocuted. It’s worth noting, too, that the degree of life-like fluffiness Pixar achieves with beaverfied Mabel makes Monsters Inc look positively primitive.”

The Iranian Red Crescent Society said the US-Israeli air strike campaign that began at the weekend had killed 555 people in Iran so far.

The deputy First Minister of Northern Ireland has said it is “genuinely disappointing” that First Minister Michelle O’Neill did not attend a second UK Government briefing on the situation in Iran.

Emma Little-Pengelly said the intention of the briefings, the first of which she attended on Saturday and then on Monday, were to “inform us about the impact of this conflict”.

Ms O’Neill said she was in “ongoing contact with the Irish and British governments” but that she “will not be part of any briefing by the British Government on their military operations”.

DUP leader Gavin Robinson said he would not “argue the toss about whether the intervention of the weekend was legal or not”, adding that the UK “should have been involved earlier”.

Ms Little-Pengelly told MLAs later that she was “absolutely baffled” that “some appear to support” the Iranian regime, and claimed that Sinn Fein “have had a long-running relationship with Iran”.

Iran and Iranian-backed militias have fired missiles at Israel and Arab states, while Israel and the US pounded targets in Iran as the war in the Middle East expanded.

Cyprus said a drone attack targeted a British base, RAF Akrotiri, hours after Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer announced that American forces would be allowed to use British bases to strike Iranian missile sites.

About 300,000 Britons are believed to be in countries targeted by Iran, and 102,000 are registered with the Foreign Office for updates, as officials examine all options, including a potential mass evacuation.

Asked about her decision not to attend the briefing at the weekend with her Executive counterpart, Ms O’Neill said she had engaged with the UK and Irish governments and her first priority remained seeing those travelling or working in the region “extracted from what is potentially a very dangerous and catastrophic situation”.

She told reporters at Stormont: “We all know, actually, many people that are there and we all know that people are really, really worried, families are really, really anxious.

“Our job is to try to remain engaged and to get those people safely extracted. But I fundamentally disagree with the fact that the war has begun, and I fundamentally disagree with the British Government’s approach.”

Speaking earlier, she said: “I think this is a reckless war. This is a war that should never have begun.

“Where is this all going to end? Because over the course of the last 48 hours, things are really spiralling out of control.

“We see more and more countries are now engaged in this war. This is death, this is destruction. This is not going to bring about a peaceful outcome.

“What we need to see is dialogue, what we need to see is adherence to international law, what we need to see is conversation that actually brings this to an end and allows people to safely get on with their lives.

“With what has happened over the course of the last 48 hours, I’m just fearful for where this is all going to go and I think it is absolutely the wrong call of the British Government to join in this war, to join and all that’s happening in the Middle East, because I again, I just don’t see where’s the cut-off point? Where are they going to stop?”

Ms O’Neill described the Iranian regime as “brutal”, “repressive” and one that “failed to live up to human rights standards”, but “it’s not for the international community to come in, breach international law, throw out the rules of diplomacy, and actually have us in a situation where today lives are being lost hour after hour”.

DUP leader Gavin Robinson said the Iranian regime “has had very strong connections with terrorists who tried to destroy Northern Ireland”, and that the Iranian people now had the opportunity “to pursue democracy for their own benefit and nobody else’s”.

“I shed no tears for the ayatollah, and I won’t concern myself about whether individuals want to argue the toss about whether the intervention of the weekend was legal or not,” he said.

“This happened. This regime was trying to assassinate the president of the United States, supports terror all around the world, and he’s gone.”

Asked if he supported the UK Government’s involvement, he said: “I think it is a matter of fact that we are involved. I think we should have been involved earlier. At least we shouldn’t have denied the use of our RAF bases.”

Speaking during Executive Office questions later on Monday, Ms Little-Pengelly described a “murderous, appalling regime” in Iran.

“I absolutely stand with the Iranians who have suffered from this oppressive, evil regime for many, many decades. I am absolutely baffled as to why some in this chamber support, or appear to support that regime,” she told MLAs.

She went on to claim: “When I looked up why that possibly could be, it was very clear that, for example, Sinn Fein have had a long-running relationship with the Iranian regime going back many, many decades.

“I do not understand that. They oppress women’s rights, they have murdered women for the audacity for not wearing a head shawl. They have killed people because they are LGBT. They have been a source of supporting terror right across not just that region, but across the globe, they have been a regime that has been oppressive and evil and murderous, and it does not deserve any support from any single person in this chamber.”

After her briefing at PSNI headquarters in Belfast on Monday, Ms Little-Pengelly said she was not given a number for people from Northern Ireland currently in countries being targeted by Iran but that “registration across the United Kingdom is in excess of 120/130,000”, marking “a significant increase from yesterday”.

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She told reporters: “The scale of the numbers of people from across the UK in the region, well in excess of 100,000, that does make emergency evacuation very challenging. I would suspect that would be unprecedented in terms of numbers for evacuation.

“But I think it’s really important that we continue to keep a very close eye on what is happening day in and day out over the next number of days.”

Ms Little-Pengelly said it was “genuinely disappointing” that Ms O’Neill had chosen not to attend the briefing.

“The reality is this, we are not being asked our view on military manoeuvres or tactics, that is not the role of these briefings.

“These briefings will give us an overview about what is happening in a military sense, in the region, to inform us about the impact of this conflict on the UK, on us here in Northern Ireland, but in particular, all those many thousands of people that are in the region at the moment that are very apprehensive.”

The Iranian Red Crescent Society said the US-Israeli air strike campaign that began at the weekend had killed 555 people in Iran so far.

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Goathland Tea Room & Gifts, located on West Mount in the centre of the North York Moors village, has built a reputation as a must-visit in its own right.

Currently ranked number one of three quick bites in Goathland on Tripadvisor, it holds a 4.5-star rating from more than 660 reviews, with many travellers describing it as “highly recommended”, “exceptional” and “a must when visiting”.

Goathland Tea Room & Gifts (Image: TRIPADVISOR)

Set just a short stroll from Goathland Railway Station, famous as Hogsmeade in the first Harry Potter film, and as a key location in ITV’s long-running drama Heartbeat, the tea room is ideally placed for day-trippers, walkers and heritage railway passengers looking to pause for refreshments.

Housed in a former doctor’s surgery, the tea room is praised for its cosy atmosphere, traditional décor and welcoming feel.

Reviewers frequently highlight the homemade quality of the food, with Yorkshire cream teas, scones, cakes and all-day breakfasts among the most popular choices.

Food at the tea room (Image: TRIPADVISOR)

One recent visitor wrote: “Great value for money, would highly recommend, it’s a must when visiting.”

The menu caters for a wide range of dietary requirements, including vegetarian, vegan and gluten-free options, something that several guests say sets it apart.

Vegan cakes and breakfasts are regularly mentioned in reviews, alongside generous portions of soup, jacket potatoes, quiches and sandwiches.

The tea room is also dog-friendly, with visitors noting that well-behaved dogs are welcome inside and in the garden area.

Families praise the relaxed setting, and during warmer months, customers can sit out in the tea garden after exploring the surrounding moorland or walking to nearby Mallyan Spout waterfall.

The joint US-Israeli combat operation against Iran, and the killing of its supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, is a watershed moment in the US-Iran relationship. Bilateral interactions have been tense since 1979 when a revolution ousted Iran’s pro-American Shah, Muhammad Reza Pahlavi, and replaced him with an Islamic theocracy opposed to the US.

However, these tensions have now bubbled over into direct conflict. The US and Israel have bombed Iranian cities, which Tehran has responded to by launching strikes across the region. Hostilities have now spread to Lebanon, with the Iran-backed Hezbollah group launching missiles and drones towards Israel in retaliation for Khamenei’s killing.

In a video statement posted on social media shortly after the US-Israeli intervention began, Trump appeared to justify his approach by saying the Iranian government’s activities “directly endanger the US, our troops, our bases overseas and our allies”. His actions signal a departure from a stated American foreign policy approach to Iran that has stood since the 1990s.

Consecutive US presidential administrations had developed a strategy of containing Iran, focused on trying to prevent its government from expanding its reach and influence across the Middle East. This has taken two forms. Presidents have either sought to isolate the country on the world stage or negotiate with its leadership to temper Iran’s expansionist tendencies.

Bill Clinton coined the approach and applied its two facets. His White House appropriated the idea from the stated US stance towards the Soviet Union and its allies during the cold war. Officials in his administration initially referred to Iran as a “rogue state” that was opposed to American interests and global stability.

In 1995, Clinton signed two orders strengthening the economic sanctions on Iran that had been in place since the 1979 revolution. The first forbade American companies from investing in the Iranian oil industry. And the second banned all US firms from conducting business in Iran. Clinton also pledged to impose sanctions on any firm or organisation outside the US that traded with the country.

But after the 1997 election of a reformist Iranian president in Mohammad Khatami, Clinton offered to negotiate with Tehran. To pave the way for diplomatic dialogue, his secretary of state, Madeline Albright, even publicly admitted to the CIA’s involvement in steering a coup in 1953 that resulted in the removal of the Iranian prime minister, Mohammad Mosaddegh.

Clinton’s apparent u-turn, which also saw US economic sanctions relaxed to pre-1995 levels, yielded next-to-no tangible results. As supreme leader, Khamenei overruled Khatami’s attempts to engage with the US diplomatically.

George W. Bush emulated his predecessor’s initial approach to Iran. Whereas Clinton regarded Iran as a rogue state, Bush took this framework one step further in his 2002 State of the Union address. Due to the Iranian government’s supposed links to and support for terrorist groups, he referred to Iran as a member of the “axis of evil” – a nation that needed to be challenged and contained.

However, despite Bush’s tough rhetoric, his other foreign policy actions while in office benefited Iranian regional interests. In removing the Taliban from power in Afghanistan and Saddam Hussein from Iraq, the Bush administration eliminated two of Iran’s key rivals. The next decade saw Iranian-backed proxy groups grow in prominence across Iraq, Syria and Lebanon.

Barack Obama adopted Clinton’s latter approach towards the country. His administration negotiated with the Iranian government over its nuclear programme, which resulted in the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action. Iran pledged to limit its uranium enrichment and agreed to intensive monitoring.

The Obama administration sought to use the prospect of global inclusion and the lifting of economic sanctions to persuade Iran to check its regional expansionist aspirations. Joe Biden, who was US president between 2021 and 2024, sought to resurrect the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action after Trump’s abandoning of the treaty in his first term.

Containment to confrontation

In targeting Iran’s leadership and military infrastructure, the Trump administration has departed from this well-established strategy. Trump has shifted American policy towards Iran from one of containment to confrontation. This is an approach the White House has worked towards for the past year, despite also engaging Iranian officials in talks.

Trump’s backing of Israel in its victories over Iranian-backed paramilitary groups like Hamas and Hezbollah tempered Tehran’s regional reach. His support for Israeli strikes on Iran during the 12-day war in 2025 culminated in the shattering of Iran’s air defences and intelligence infrastructure. Subsequent US air strikes on Iranian nuclear facilities also halted the country’s enrichment programme.

Whether the killing of Iran’s political and religious leadership will result in a less belligerent Iran remains to be seen. While the Islamic Republic’s figurehead has been removed, the power structures that maintained Khamenei’s power remain intact. All indicators are that the Islamic Republic will implement a succession plan and double down against US-led incursions and encroachment.

Trump is pushing for regime change. In his statement announcing the strikes, the president urged Iranians opposed to the Islamic Republic to take to the streets. Yet he did not go as far as endorsing the installation of the exiled crown prince, Reza Pahlavi, who enjoys considerable support among the Iranian diaspora.

The Trump administration is clearly on a path that has pushed the US towards direct confrontation with Iran. Whether or not this approach ultimately leads to an Iran that is more amenable to Israel and less antagonistic towards the US’s Gulf allies, it has brought decades of containment to an abrupt end.

Manchester City have six games across four competitions in a spell of 19 days this month that will be critical for their season

Pep Guardiola is not a man for counting chickens. Ask him what he expects to happen in any given game or season and he will refuse to take anything for granted or accept the most likely outcome.

It is how the Manchester City manager has won as much as he has a coach, and how in his tenth year in English football he is still fighting at the very top of the game. It also means that when he does speak about what is to come it is worth listening and taking notes.

Such a moment came after the 1-0 win over Leeds, a hard-fought battle that showed his team have the potential to push Arsenal all the way in the Premier League title race. It was no different to their other recent wins really, except that it moved them two points off top spot with just 10 games to go and into March.

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Even for the ultra cautious like Guardiola, moving into spring with real hopes of winning a league title is a big thing. Being in with a chance of winning four trophies is monumental, and arguably makes the season a success whatever happens to be able to show such consistency over the first two-thirds of the campaign; for all the amazing teams Guardiola has previously had at the Etihad, they have only managed to get to this position in two of the last nine seasons.

And yet, coming so far only increases the pressure and expectation on City – and indeed Arsenal, who are also in contention to win four trophies and can say they are better placed to win in each of the four. They lead in the Premier League, have a much easier draw in the Champions League (after finishing top of the first stage) and have a much gentler schedule before facing City in the Carabao Cup final.

That Wembley match comes on March 22, and is at the end of a two-and-a-half week stretch for the Blues that could have them dreaming of glory this season or see their hopes shattered. For all the optimism of City and Guardiola heading into spring, six games across four competitions in the next 19 days will be critical.

It starts this Wednesday with the home visit of Nottingham Forest in the Premier League, which along with West Ham away a week on Saturday makes up the two matches with the lowest profile. They are both games that City should win though which means any slips will leave a painful taste – particularly because after the West Ham game the table will stay untouched until the second week of April.

Newcastle away was a tough draw to get in the FA Cup, particularly because it comes before the first leg of the Champions League last-16 tie away from home that also happened to be the toughest option in Real Madrid. Two good results in these two games plus the home return against Real will result in two quarter-finals and soaring confidence, but lose and it will knock the momentum out of City’s season.

Five days after the home leg against Real, it is Arsenal at Wembley in the Carabao Cup final in a game that will not only influence the title race but also be a major topic of conversation for the next fortnight while club football is parked. The winner will be boosted while the loser will have to try and use it as motivation.

It is a brutal schedule if City want to arrive in April with their hopes of multiple trophies still alive, with the possibility that they could be cut out of three this month. Whichever exits can be avoided will only make them stronger for what is left for the final two months.

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We are set to see the best of the sunshine on one particular day this week

Northern Ireland is set for some warmer weather this week following a washout winter.

Temperatures are set to reach 18C this week as meteorological spring begins. High pressure will build on Tuesday, with maximum temperatures of 14C, rising to 16C on Wednesday and peaking at 18C on Thursday, which could be the hottest day of the year so far, the Met Office said.

Met Office meteorologist Kathryn Chalk said: “Tuesday will be fine and settled for most, with the best of the sunshine across Northern Ireland, north England and Scotland, but more mixed to the south with sunny spells and drizzly showers.

“Temperatures peaking at 14C in the south.”

Wednesday will be a fine day for most, with the best of the sunshine across Wales and England, cloud and rain across Northern Ireland and south-west Scotland, and temperatures reaching 16C.

Temperatures will peak on Thursday, with a high of 18C across the south east, Ms Chalk said.

The sunshine will be focused across the south east of England, while the west of the UK could see outbreaks of rain in parts.

Last week, temperatures reached 18.7C in Kew Gardens, which was the hottest day of the year so far, and there is a possibility Thursday could beat it, the forecaster said.

Friday will be mostly dry with maximum temperatures of 14C, Ms Chalk added.

Meanwhile, it was revealed this winter was the wettest on record for the counties of Cornwall, Leicestershire and the West Midlands, according to provisional figures from the Met Office.

Dorset and Warwickshire had their second wettest winter since comparable records began in 1836, while southern England experienced its fourth wettest.

In the past three months a string of low-pressure weather systems moved across the UK from the Atlantic, with repeated outbreaks of wet and windy conditions.

Three named storms in January – Goretti, Ingrid and Chandra – all brought downpours to many areas, leading to flooding and widespread travel disruption.

The rain persisted for much of February, although drier and sunnier conditions arrived towards the end of the month.

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The 82-year-old was described by a neighbour as being a “funny, outgoing gentleman”

A pensioner who passed away in a house fire at his Co Antrim home last year would have “died quickly” after the accidental blaze was started by smoking in bed, an inquest has heard.

Matthew (Matt) Johnston passed away in the early hours of the morning on February 11, 2025, after a fire at his home in the Oakglen area of Antrim.

At an inquest into his death held at Belfast Laganside Court on March 2, Coroner Anne-Louise Toal said an emergency call was made from a neighbour’s house at approximately 3.50am, with the Northern Ireland Fire & Rescue Service arriving within ten minutes.

READ MORE: Andrew Murphy: Man found on Co Down beach died soon after last CCTV sighting, inquest hearsREAD MORE: Inquest date set for man who ‘died a hero’ in River Lagan incident

Despite this quick response, however, a “substantial fire” had unfolded on the first floor of the property. Mr Johnston was found in his bed in the front bedroom, and was sadly pronounced dead at the scene, with the coroner adding he was “beyond help.”

The 82-year-old was last seen at his home at around 7.30pm on February 10 by his neighbour, Stephen Emerson. In a statement from Mr Emerson read to the inquest, he said Mr Johnston was a “funny, outgoing gentleman” who had been “in good spirits” that evening.

Mr Emerson brought his neighbour dinner, and as he was leaving, Matthew had been “lying on his bed, listening to the radio and singing.” He added that the pensioner had been “spening more time in bed recently as he said he was sore.”

Shortly before 4am on February 11, Mr Emerson recalled being woken up by a bang on his door from another neighbour, telling him “Matt’s house is on fire.” Stephen ran next door to Mr Johnston’s house, but said he could only go so far as the stair lift due to the flames upstairs.

He tried to put the flames out but couldn’t, and when the fire service arrived, informed them Matthew was in his bedroom upstairs.

Forensic pathologist, Dr Huddleston, told the inquest he conducted a postmortem examination of Mr Johnson’s body two days after his death, on February 13. He said Matthew had a range of pre-existing medical conditions including osetoperosis, COPD, pre-diabetes, and had a pacemaker fitted due to a “severe” cardiac issue, and had previously sufferred a heart attack.

Just before his death, Mr Johnston had reported feeling unwell, with Dr Huddleston finding evidence of pneumonia. Noting his cause of death to be due to inhaling fire gases, including carbon monoxide, Dr Huddleston said Matthew’s pre-existing conditions exacerbated his passing.

The pathologist added it’s “reasonable” to suggest Matthew would have passed away from inhalation of toxic gases quicker than a “fit and healthy person.”

Mr Johnston’s sister, Elizabeth Shergold, told the inquest her brother was in “quite poor health” and before his death had damaged his hip due to a fall, which impacted his mobility. She said she last saw him at the end of January 2025, and spoke to him over the phone a week before his passing.

Ms Shergold said her brother took to his bed around five days before he passed away, nothing that he was a heavy smoker, and would regularly smoke in bed including during the night.

NIFRS Station Commander McCann told the inquest the cause of the fire was deemed to be “accidental” with a lighter found in Mr Johnston’s bed and smoking materials located in his bedroom.

On arrival at the scene, Station Commander McCann explained that fire crews saw “visible smoke coming from the front bedroom on the first floor.” They found Mr Johnston in his bed, and moved him downstairs, first into the hallway then into the living room once it was determined he was deceased.

Ms McCann said there was one smoke alarm in the property, located downstairs, but this did not appear to be working. She said cigarette fires can be smouldering fires, often not taking hold for a few hours, and its spread would depend factors such as bedsheet materials.

“Given Matthew’s mobility issue, smoking in bed put him at a greater risk,” she added. Commander McCann highlighted that smoking in the home is a leading cause of fire deaths in Northern Ireland.

She also noted that Matthew’s bedroom door was open, which caused the fire to spread out into the hallway. Ms McCann added: “A closed internal door can give you up to 30 minutes of extra time in a fire.”

She higlighted the NIFRS free fire safety check, alvailable for those aged 50 and over, and urged anyone eligible to take part in this life-saving initative.

Coroner Toal expressed her condolences to Matthew’s family. Delivering her findings, the coroner said smoke inhalation would have led to “rapid unconsciousness” with Mr Johnston’s pneumonia and pre-existing conditions exacerbating this.

She added: “Matthew was smoking in bed, which acidentally ignited a fire from which an elderly man could not escape. He was alive when the fire commenced, but died rapidly, with his cause of death noted as smoke inhalation.”

Coroner Toal said it is her role to outline ways in which such deaths can be prevented in the future, adding that “most fire deaths are preventable.”

“This case highlights the danger of smoking in bed, which has been outlined as a leading cause of fire death,” she added.

“Please check smoke alarms are working, and closing internal doors can give you mre time. I would encourage members of the public to take up the offer of a free home check to ensure these deaths are prevented.”

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The 150-year-old business says the appointment strengthens its strategic focus on commercial performance, disciplined growth and long-term sustainability.

Vicky previously worked within the business as Supervising QS and returns following a period of wider industry experience, where she further developed her expertise in commercial strategy, contractual leadership and financial governance.

Managing Director Paul Goyea said: “Vicky understands our business, our values and our long-term vision.

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“Her appointment reinforces our direction and positions us strongly for the next phase of growth.

“We’re also delighted to further strengthen greater diversity at senior levels within construction, bringing broader perspectives and stronger outcomes for our customers and teams alike.”

Vicky said: “I am proud to be returning to a business with such a strong legacy and clear direction.

“What excites me most is the opportunity to be involved in such a broad range of projects and clients across Yorkshire – from complex, high-profile refurbishment and restoration schemes to regionally significant new developments that contribute to the strength and character of our varied region.

“I look forward to playing a key role in the company’s continued success and supporting its next phase of growth.”

Alison Millar, head of the abuse team at Leigh Day, said: “We have only recently begun investigating what happened at Bright Horizons Finchley Road Nursery but already we are hearing from parents that they raised concerns about staffing and supervision and the concerning way that the individual perpetrator was interacting with children; however, these concerns were not addressed.