People have been advised to watch for symptoms indicating potential key side effects
Guidance from the NHS warns that ibuprofen is not suitable for everyone and, in some cases, could make discomfort worse. On its website, the health service explains that ibuprofen is a type of painkiller known as a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
Ibuprofen and other NSAIDs are commonly used to treat a wide range of pain, including headaches and migraines, joint and muscle aches, toothache and period pain. They can also help bring down a high temperature.
However, the NHS notes that ibuprofen may cause more side effects than paracetamol and, in some people, can lead to stomach pain. With this in mind, the NHS advises people to try paracetamol before trying ibuprofen.
What are the side effects of ibuprofen?
The NHS cautions: “Like all medicines, ibuprofen can cause side effects, although not everyone gets them.” Because of this, there are three serious side effects you should watch for.
The NHS says: “Ibuprofen can sometimes cause serious side effects, although most of them are rare. Speak to a pharmacist or doctor if you have any side effects that bother you or do not go away.”
Possible serious side effects of ibuprofen include:
- stomach ulcers or bleeding inside your stomach – causing symptoms such as tummy pain, shortness of breath, pale skin, vomiting blood or poo that’s black, sticky and tar-like
- an allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) – causing symptoms such as a swollen throat or tongue, a raised, itchy rash or difficulty breathing
- a problem with your kidneys – causing symptoms such as shortness of breath, blood in your pee or swelling in your ankles, feet or hands
If you experience any serious side effects call NHS 111 – or 999 in an emergency.
Common side effects of ibuprofen tablets, capsules, liquid and granules include:
- indigestion and stomach aches
- feeling sick (nausea) and being sick (vomiting)
- headaches
- a rash
- dizziness
- diarrhoea or constipation
The NHS further cautions: “These are not all the side effects of ibuprofen. For a full list, see the leaflet that comes with your medicine or search for your medicine leaflet on the electronic medicines compendium website.”
Who can and cannot use ibuprofen?
Most adults can use ibuprofen. But ibuprofen is not suitable for everyone. For example, it may not be suitable if:
- You’ve had an allergic reaction to ibuprofen, aspirin or another non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
- You have a stomach ulcer, or you’ve had them before
- You have asthma or allergies (such as hay fever)
- You have chickenpox
- You have a heart, liver or kidney condition
- You have problems with blood clotting
- You’ve had a stroke
- You’re pregnant or trying to get pregnant
Can I take ibuprofen?
The NHS advises taking the lowest dose that works for you and using it only for as long as necessary to reduce the risk of side effects.
You should not take ibuprofen tablets or capsules for more than 10 days unless a doctor tells you to. For other types of ibuprofen, you should check the packaging or patient leaflet for guidance on how long they can be used and whether they are suitable for you, as they may not interact well with other medicines you are taking.
The NHS also recommends seeing a GP if your pain worsens or does not improve. Always speak to your GP before starting any new medication or if you have concerns about your health.
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