The historic Palestinian town of Sebastia, not far from Nablus in the Northern West Bank, is believed to be one of the oldest continuously inhabited places in the occupied territory. The town is an important destination for Christian and Muslim pilgrims, as St John the Baptist – known as the Prophet Yahya in Islam – is buried here.
Sebastia – an extremely important ancient Palestinian site the Israeli occupation intends to steal
Sebastia’s nearby archaeological site is also impressive. Excavations have taken place here for more than a century, and have revealed that its earliest remains date to the Bronze Age, 3000 years ago.
Ruled by multiple civilizations – including the Assyrians, Persians and Romans – it was named Sebaste, which means Augustus, by Herod the Great in honour of the Roman emperor Augustus Caesar. Its ancient ruins include a Roman amphitheatre, a Hellenistic tower, a Byzantine Church, and the remains of a colonnaded street.
For these reasons, Sebastia has been on the UNESCO Tentative List of World Heritage Sites for the State of Palestine since 2012.
To the local community of around 3500 Palestinians, the archaeological site and the town are inseparable. Both are part of the same important cultural and historical landscape, which not only plays an essential role in their rich heritage, but provides an economic lifeline to the population.
More than 2000 visitors arrived daily to the archaeological site, known as the acropolis. It was a favourite spot not only for foreign tourists, but Palestinians from the surrounding area, and the rest of the West Bank. But this is not the case any more.
In November 2025, the Israeli occupation’s ‘Civil Administration’ issued a confiscation order stating its intention to seize the entire acropolis of Sebastia, in Israeli occupation controlled Area C, along with around 1400 dunums, or approximately 350 acres, of surrounding land. This is the largest area confiscated by the Israeli occupation from an archaeological site in the occupied West Bank since 1967. The reason given was
the preservation and development of the site as a visitor-accessible site for the general public.
The Israeli occupation’s confiscation order will mean residents lose their ancient heritage and their source of income
Fascist Israeli occupation Heritage Minister and illegal settler Amichai EliyahuIn – who is part of Ben-Gvir’s Jewish Power party and openly supports full Israeli annexation of the West Bank – announced Sebastia’s land confiscation in a social media post.
Referring to the large Palestinian flag flying at archaeological site, he also declared that “the flag of the invented people” will be replaced by the “flag of the Jewish people.”
Sebastia’s mayor, Mohammad Azem, tells the Canary:
It’s empty here now. Nobody is coming to Sebastia, as all the people are afraid to come here and visit the site, since the decision in November.
The Israelis are stealing our land. Around 97 percent of this confiscation order is for private Palestinian land, mainly olive groves that belong to families from Sebastia and the nearby town of Burqa. And there are ownership documents from 1958 to prove this.
6000 olive trees will be lost, and 10 touristic facilities will be forced to close as a result of the Israeli occupation’s land theft. This will spell disaster for the community, who will not only lose their ancient heritage, but their two main sources of income – olives and tourism.
Azem says:
Then people will leave because they have no money. This is the plan of Israel, to emmigrate the people from their land. But it is not only about wanting to control the land. They also want to make the Palestinians feel scared, so they can expel them from Sebastia town as well.
Residents of Sebastia town – Palestinian administered and in Area B – endure constant raids, with Israeli occupation forces (IOF) storming the place day and night.
Because no one is stopping them, the IOF have become more and more aggressive. Residents are afraid, while most tourists have now decided against even visiting the town, as they also have to navigate their way through Israeli occupation checkpoints located close to the nearby illegal settlements.
The occupation is weaponising archaeology in the occupied territory in an attempt to erase Palestinian heritage, history and identity
In May 2023, the occupation approved a budget of 32 NIS, equivalent to almost £8 million, which came mainly from the Environmental Protection and Tourism ministries, to:
restore and develop Sebastia for public access.
These “development plans” for Sebastia include the confiscation of all open archaeological zones and historic remains, for the creation of a new “Israeli” park called “Shomron National Park”.
Of course, only the area’s Jewish roots will be highlighted in this park, while all other eras that form the site’s true identity will be completely erased by the Israeli occupation.
This is an attempt to rewrite history and erase Palestinian identity, something that has already happened in several places, including the Palestinian neighbourhood of Silwan, in East Jerusalem. Here, illegal settlers run the City of David Archaeological Park tourist attraction, in an attempt to forcibly displace the local Palestinian residents and judaise the neighbourhood.
The Israeli occupation is weaponising archaeology. It is using the false narrative of preservation and development to justify cultural erasure and dispossession of Palestinians from their land. At the same time, illegal settlers and the occupation’s military are tightening their control over the lives of Palestinians, expanding settlements, and are another step closer to annexation.
The “development” of Sebastia includes fencing off the site, charging for entry, and establishing a visitor’s centre. Unsurprisingly, the occupation sees these plans as yet another way to enforce their control over Palestinians, so increased law enforcement to “prevent vandalism” will also be a feature.
“Development plans” include a Jewish only access road that will cut off Sebastia town from its archaeological site
A new settler only access road is also currently being constructed to the archaeological site, which will completely bypass the town of Sebastia, severing the ancient site from the historic centre. If these measures are carried out, Sebastia’s residents will be cut off from their land and their heritage.
Azem says:
They say they want our land to make conservation and preservation for the archaeological site, for the public benefit. But we know this is an annexation plan – one that is not only for Sebastia, but all of the West Bank.
Israel is now making a road from the settlements in the North of Nablus – Shavei Shomron and Homesh – to Sebastia, which will get linked to Route 60, so settlers feel more comfortable, and it is easy for them to come here. Then it will be a closed area, only for these illegal settlers and Israelis.
This is stealing. Israel is stealing our land. They want to make settler controlled tourism projects, so Sebastia and other West Bank archaeological sites will be under full Israeli control and Palestinians will be excluded.
Emek Shaveh is an Israeli NGO that monitors and campaigns against the use of archaeology as a political tool for strengthening Israeli occupation control in the West Bank and East Jerusalem. It too believes the occupation’s focus is not on preserving heritage or encouraging tourism, but on ethnically cleansing the West Bank of Palestinians.
In a statement, it says:
Israel is taking weaponisation of archaeology to new heights. In this cynical move, Israel is fragrant violating international law, turning archaeology into a tool for settlement and annexation, while depriving the Palestinian residents of Sebastia and Burqa of their land and cultural heritage.
False claims that Palestinians neglect and destroy archaeological sites have increased Israeli occupation control over them
In recent years, there has been a noticeable increase in Israeli occupation control over archaeological sites in the occupied West Bank.
This has been aided by a settler led campaign that claims Palestinians are neglecting and deliberately destroying “Jewish heritage sites.” But nothing is further from the truth.
Palestinians treasure their heritage and do not practice selective archaeology, as zionists do. They try their hardest to maintain their heritage sites as best they can, although maintenance and restoration is made almost impossible by the Israeli occupation, who constantly invade the sites and prevent Palestinians from carrying out any necessary work.
Azem tells us that, several years ago, staff from the Palestinian Ministry of Antiquities wanted to do maintenance work on the loose stone from the Basilica inside the archaeological site. But the IOF and settlers turned up and stopped them working. They were arrested and detained for more than five hours.
Then, in 2023, when Palestinian archaeologists were working in Area B, in Sebastia town, they discovered a Roman cemetery. The Palestinian Antiquities department started working on the site, until the IOF arrested them again.
The Israeli occupation Antiquities Authority later came to work on the site, and stole a large number of artifacts from inside the cemetery.
According to reports, between 2013 and 2025, Israeli occupation authorities issued 63 military orders, concerning archaeological sites in the occupied West Bank. These resulted in more than 7000 dunums – equivalent to around 1730 acres – of land either being confiscated or placed under the exclusive control of the Israeli occupation.
These measures have been accompanied by new laws and government decisions expanding the authority of bodies like the Israel Antiquities Authority into areas previously administered by Palestinians. This includes parts of Areas A and B – which, under the Oslo Accords, fall under the control of the Palestinian Authority.
The purpose of this is to extend the Israeli occupation’s control under the guise of environmental and archaeological protection, and to use cultural heritage as a means of land theft and forced displacement.
#SaveSebastia before it is too late
Despite all the harassment and violence, the majority of Sebastia’s residents are going nowhere. They say they will never leave.
Although Sebastia’s municipality presented an objection to the courts – which are controlled by war criminals Ben Gvir, Smotrich, and Netanyahu – it was refused. But they are not giving up. A new objection to the confiscation is currently being prepared after the courts rejected the first.
Azem tells the Canary that everyone around the world should join the Save Sebastia Campaign. The residents of Sebastia are calling for archaeologists, historians, human rights activists, and every free voice around the world to stand with them, visit Sebastia and Palestine, and speak out against the Israeli occupation’s assaults and violence, and its decision to annex Sebastia, before it is too late.
Featured image via the Canary
By Charlie Jaay
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