The early years of the UK’s fibre roll-out were defined by rapid network build; fuelled by billions in investment as dozens of alternative networks entered the market. That phase undoubtedly helped to accelerate fibre coverage and stimulate innovation, as we saw the introduction of leading new technology XGS-PON.

However, the build‑out has slowed materially as the financial pressure on many smaller operators has mounted; with high debt levels, unsustainable revenue metrics and inefficient business models, in a fragmented market.

The challenge now is not only completing the full fibre build, but ensuring the market is sustainable and capable of supporting long-term investment. For that to happen, the UK needs providers with the scale and resilience to take on the incumbent meaningfully and consistently.

That is why consolidation, done in the right way, is not a threat to competition but a necessary step in strengthening it. Where previous paper-based mergers failed to materially move the needle, our recently announced acquisition of Netomnia offers a turning point.

In a fibre market dominated by BT Openreach, our ambition is to expand our fibre network to create a genuine national-scale wholesale fibre challenger to the incumbent – one that will deliver greater choice and quality for consumers and businesses by enhancing competition and strengthening the UK’s digital infrastructure.

1. Unlocking £3.5bn of international investment in the UK

nexfibre’s acquisition of Netomnia is a landmark deal. The transaction unlocks £3.5 billion of international investment, providing a vote of confidence in the UK as a destination for long-term capital.

Already welcomed by the Investment Minister, Lord Stockwood, our planned investment will support continued fibre expansion and next-generation network upgrades over the coming years. By 2027, we aim to have reached 8 million premises with full fibre, from Broxtowe to Bolton.

At a time when economic growth is a central government priority, this matters.

Our digital infrastructure supports economic growth and higher productivity and, by driving innovation and regional development, can help improve living standards in every part of the UK. Securing large-scale, long-term capital investment is therefore not just a telecoms issue, it is an economic one.

2. Creating scaled, sustainable competition in a fragmented market

For too long, the UK’s wholesale fibre infrastructure market has lacked genuine national-scale competition.

BT Openreach has played a vital role in building connectivity, but it has been the only operator with truly national reach. While altnets have made progress on a local level, fragmentation, funding pressures and inefficient business models have limited their ability to compete at scale.

This is where consolidation can deliver real change for the market. It is about ensuring the UK has the right market structure to drive innovation and competition for the long term which directly aligns to the UK government’s economic policies and Ofcom’s objectives.

This will also benefit ISPs and their customers, who will see greater choice and quality as a result of enhanced wholesale fibre competition and a genuine alternative to BT Openreach.

3. Delivering fibre access faster to millions of homes and businesses

Ultimately, the success of any infrastructure investment is measured by the benefits it delivers to people and businesses across the country.

Ofcom data shows that full-fibre availability has expanded rapidly in recent years as the rollout has accelerated. Yet there’s more to do; millions of premises still rely on legacy networks, and significant resources are needed to reach the Government’s goal of 99 per cent coverage by 2032. Closing that gap remains a national priority and we believe this transaction will help accelerate that progress.

By combining networks, and welcoming investment from our shareholders InfraVia, Liberty Global and Telefonica, nexfibre will extend fibre access to millions more homes and businesses, including upgrading existing infrastructure and expanding coverage into new areas.

A pivotal moment for the UK fibre market

The UK is now at a turning point in its digital infrastructure journey. The next phase must focus on sustainability, scale and long-term delivery.

As Ofcom has recognised, consolidation within the altnet sector is both expected and necessary. The priority now is ensuring that this evolution strengthens wholesale competition while maintaining strong incentives for continued investment.

If we get that balance right, the benefits will extend far beyond the telecoms sector.

A strong, competitive fibre market underpins productivity, supports innovation and drives economic growth. It is not simply about faster broadband – it is about building the infrastructure the UK economy will rely on for decades to come.

nexfibre is a wholesale-only fibre broadband operator. Today our network is one of the largest in the UK, covering more than 2.6 million premises, with Virgin Media O2 as our anchor tenant.

Belfast City Council is continuing to pursue its aim of ceaseless consumerism by extending shop opening hours within its area of influence. The move began last year in July 2025, when a majority of councillors (32 to 21) backed holding a public consultation on the proposed scheme. That consultation has now arrived with the council seeking:

…feedback from residents, visitors and business representatives on extending Sunday trading hours across the city during periods of high tourist and visitor numbers.

The North of Ireland has the most restrictive Sunday opening hours rules across Britain and Ireland, with shops over 280 square metres only permitted to open from 13:00 to 18:00. There are some exceptions, such as shops at transport hubs like railways and airports, or areas designated ‘holiday resorts’. England and Wales permit large shops to open for six hours, usually from 10:00 to 16:00, or 11:00 to 17:00. In the Republic of Ireland, no restrictions apply.

The new law will seek to designate the Belfast City Council area as a holiday resort, and allow large shops to:

…open at any time on up to 18 Sundays between 1 March and 30 September each year (excluding Easter Sunday).

Belfast and the neoliberal agenda

Sinn Féin councillor Natasha Brennan, whose party u-turned to back the proposed change, said the plan would:

…extend and enhance Belfast’s retail and hospitality experience on Sunday mornings to benefit residents, businesses and the increasing numbers of visitors to our city.

She also harped on about the need to “compete with other cities”, “boost visitor and tourism spending” and enable “additional trading opportunities for retailers.” Essentially a series of market-centric rather than human-centric arguments. The latter were provided in the earlier July 2025 debate around the plan, which was opposed by the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP), the Green Party, the Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP) and People Before Profit (PBP).

Séamas de Faoite of the SDLP said:

It is ironic we are being told this is what the people of Belfast want, when in fact the trade unions who represent the store workers of Belfast have made it very clear they don’t want it, and Retail NI who represent the small businesses of Belfast have made it very clear they don’t want it.

And we’ve had feedback from arts and community organisations to say they want to be involved in an animation programme that holds up the work they are doing in the city, that isn’t distracted by the opening of large retail.

He added:

Countless European cities operate on a model of having Sunday reserved for something different – for family time, for free time, for time when people can enjoy culture and the arts, where people who have a faith can have an opportunity to practice that faith. Why is it that Belfast continuously has this discussion?

Germany’s “shopping hell” – the way to go

The plan even managed to turn the DUP into budding Marxists, with Alderman Dean McCullough saying:

What can you say to the Alliance Party and Sinn Féin, who make even myself look left wing on this. I am a capitalist, because I have common sense, but I have a social conscience, and that means I want workers to have a day off on a Sunday. They work hard and tirelessly throughout the week, and throughout the year. They deserve a break.

The Canary can non-exclusively report that McCullough does in fact not typically possess common sense, but on this issue he is correct.

Meanwhile, Germany is the sort of European example de Faoite was alluding to. Described as “shopping hell” by TIME magazine, Germany forbids virtually all shops from opening on Sunday, under its catchily titled Ladenschlussgesetz law. Given Time magazine represents neoliberal hell, we’ll take their view as a ringing endorsement of the policy.

It was brought in during 1956 under the initiative of trade unions who argued Sunday should be used to give workers a break from ceaseless grind. A majority of Germans are still in favour of the law, which enables people to engage in more civilised pursuits like resting, leisure, and spending time with friends and family.

As mentioned by de Faoite, trade unions in the Six Counties (a decolonial term for the north of Ireland) still don’t want an extension of their potential working hours. The Union of Shop, Distributive and Allied Workers (USDAW) said:

USDAW opposes this. Members have told us that they already feel pressure to work on a Sunday, and that increasing trading hours will add to this. As well as retail workers themselves having concerns, smaller retailers have stated that they worry their trade will be taken by the bigger stores which could have a longer term detrimental impact.

Indeed, as it’s a lot harder for a family owned shop run by a couple to keep running seven days a week than it is for Tesco.

You don’t have to be religious to oppose Sunday opening hours. You just have to reject the inhumane demand of capitalist logic – that of being forced into an endless rat race only billionaires can win.

Featured image via the Canary

There are growing calls to provide new licenses to extra oil from the North Sea as the US-Israeli war with Iran continues. (Alamy)

6 min read37 min

It is not just Trump who has urged Keir Starmer to reverse the government’s position on drilling for gas and oil in the North Sea.

Conservative leader Kemi Badenoch has said she would get “all our oil and gas out of the North Sea” if she became prime minister, and on Tuesday, her party used an opposition day motion to force a House of Commons debate on the subject.

Last week, Reform UK leader Nigel Farage used his question in PMQs to ask Starmer why the UK couldn’t follow Norway’s lead and grant more licenses to drill in the North Sea, to create “thousands of jobs, increased tax revenues and cheaper gas prices”. 

On Monday, The i newspaper reported that some Labour MPs were changing their mind on the subject amid the pressure being put on British energy prices by the Iran war. “This price shock has woken up a lot of people who hadn’t really engaged on the topic,” said one.

On the same day, Labour MP Henry Tufnell publicly called for the government to reverse its position on North Sea oil and gas, writing in The Sun: “In the face of further geopolitical turmoil, now is the time to alter our approach to energy to protect families.”

However, while political pressure to permit more North Sea drilling is rising, experts have cast doubt over how much it would actually help the UK deal with the current energy shock.

Why are energy prices rising?

The ongoing conflict in Iran is having a major impact on the supply of oil and gas.

In response to strikes by the US and Israel, Iran has threatened to attack ships seeking to pass through the Strait of Hormuz, which is one of the world’s most important shipping lanes, responsible for around a fifth, or 20 per cent, of the world’s oil supply. As a result, traffic through the lane has fallen sharply since the conflict started.

As well as threatening the Strait, Iran has also conducted strikes on other oil-rich countries in the region it views as allies of the US, including Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Last week, international gas prices soared after reports that Tehran had carried out significant strikes on Qatar’s Ras Laffan, the world’s biggest liquified natural gas terminal.

This severe disruption to key sources of energy is leading international prices to rise sharply, with the UK very much among the countries impacted.

Petrol prices have taken an immediate hit, with the RAC estimating on Monday that drivers in the UK have paid an additional £307m for petrol and diesel since the conflict started at the end of February than they otherwise would have. Petrol and diesel prices per litre have risen from 132.9p to 146.4p and from 142.4p to 169.8p, respectively.

Last week, leading energy consultancy Cornwall Insights said it now expects typical household energy bills to increase by £332 when the current Ofgem price cap expires in July.

The government has already announced financial support worth £50m for houses reliant on heating oil, which are particularly exposed to the early impact of the crisis, and is currently considering targeted support for households nationwide if prices remain high.

What is the government’s policy on North Sea extraction? 

The suspension of new oil and gas licences for the North Sea was one of Labour’s flagship energy policies when it was elected to office in 2024. Secretary of State for Energy Security and Net Zero, Ed Miliband, ordered a ban within days of taking power.

The move was part of the Labour government’s wider policy of developing more clean energy at home and making the UK less reliant on the international fossil fuel market.

“There is one lesson from this crisis, and only one in my view for the long term on energy policy, and that is that we need home-grown, clean power that we control,” Miliband recently told the BBC.

According to Politico, Miliband doubled down at a meeting of the Parliamentary Labour Party on Monday evening, telling MPs: “Anyone who tells you that new licenses in the North Sea will make any difference to price is not telling you the truth.”

In a briefing document prepared for Labour MPs ahead of Tuesday’s opposition day debate, seen by PoliticsHome, backbenchers were encouraged to put questions to the Tories and Reform like asking whether they “recognise that oil and gas is sold on the international market and therefore we are a price taker, not a price maker?”

Critics like the Conservatives and Reform accuse the government of putting its net zero agenda before a policy that could ease cost-of-living pressures facing households.

What impact would new North Sea drilling have?

However, if the government were to change course, what impact would it actually have on the current energy shock?

Adam Bell, director of policy at Stonehaven consultancy and former government energy adviser, told PoliticsHome that even if the government allowed a drilling “free-for-all” in the North Sea, it would not make any immediate difference to oil and gas prices. 

Bell explained that while having more oil at home would have kept prices down to some degree, as it wouldn’t have had to travel via international shipping lanes affected by the Iran war, the infrastructure needed to carry out new drilling takes a long time to build, making the suggestion irrelevant to the current energy shock.

“We would have needed to have done that about three years prior,” he said.

Dr Hafez Abdo, an expert in oil and gas at Nottingham University, made the same point in an interview with Channel 4’s FactCheck this week, explaining that new drilling projects “typically require significant time before production begins”.

Bell also argued that there isn’t that much oil left in the North Sea to extract.

“There is also the reality that it would only have a marginal effect. There’s just not that much left in the North Sea. You might squeeze a bit more out, you might reduce the price by about a dollar in global terms,” he told PoliticsHome.

Chair of the energy security and net zero select committee, Labour’s Bill Esterson, said comparisons with Norway don’t really work as the country “has far greater reserves left than we do because we extracted much more of our oil and gas much sooner than they did”.

He added that Norway has a state-owned oil and gas company, giving it “far greater control” over the energy reserves than the UK has over what is in the North Sea.

“Oil and gas are produced by international companies, who sell it on the open market to the highest bidder, so there’s no way of reducing the price by what we produce in the North Sea,” the committee chair argued.

Abdo and Newcastle University Dr Mark Ireland told FactCheck that increasing production in existing North Sea sites was a better option than new projects, but would still have little effect on household energy bills, as prices are largely determined by international markets.

Sharron Davies, Conservative Party Conference in Manchester Central, October 2025 (Credit: Bridget Catterall/Alamy Live News)

11 min read6 min

When Kemi Badenoch called Sharron Davies to ask her about joining the House of Lords, the outspoken former Olympian told the Tory leader she had two conditions.

“I said, ‘There are two things, Kemi, when I come in. The first one is, I’m not going to lie. Is that a problem?’ And she went, ‘No, that’s why I’m asking you,’ to her credit. And the second one, I said, ‘I have a grandma day, and I’m not prepared to give it up.’”

Baroness Davies of Devonport, 63, is a mother of three, all now adults, and grandmother of two little ones aged five and two. Although she relishes Mondays looking after her granddaughter Ariya, she has taken to her new role as a legislator with gusto and arrives with a definite agenda: women’s rights, children’s mental resilience and fitness for all.

Determined to spend two to three days a week in Westminster, she commutes from Bath for long days on the red benches: “I don’t think people realise how hard the people in the Lords actually work, and the amount of reading that’s required all the time.” And she must squeeze in the gym three or four times a week or she gets “cranky”.

Sitting in the peers’ guest room, Davies is immediately recognisable with her long white hair, piercing blue eyes and swimmer’s build. When she describes how, in an Olympic dining hall, you can easily guess each athlete’s sport from their body shape (“oh, there’s a gymnast, there’s a weightlifter, there’s a swimmer, there’s a high jumper”), The House can see exactly what she means.

Is it true, as has been reported, that she used to pee in the pool to put off competitors?

“That’s rubbish. It’s nonsense! I think it’s one of those stupid things where I went on a programme – I don’t know, They Think It’s All Over – in a jokey environment where you’ve got a comedian running the show, and somehow the whole thing goes to, ‘Who’s peed in a swimming pool?’, and I probably put my hand up.

“Bearing in mind I was spending six hours a day for 10 years of my life in the swimming pool, it’s really not unusual that I might have once peed in a swimming pool. I certainly didn’t do it to put competition off, and I certainly didn’t do it in a race. So, that’s garbage.”

“The psychological bashing was far worse than the physical bashing”

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Davies talks tough and fast. Born in Plymouth to a big Navy family, she was coached in swimming from a young age. First by a professional who retired when she was about 10, and then by her ex-Navy father who learnt on the job, consulting books and personal trainers for advice.

She once broke both arms while tree-climbing. Her father sent her back in the pool with plastic bags over her casts.

“The thing is, though, elite sport is really hard. It’s not a walk in the park, and it’s not something where you can go, ‘Oh, I don’t feel like training today so I’m not going to go’. You’re not going to win if you have that attitude,” Davies explains.

“He got it in his head that one day missed was one day the opposition had against me. He didn’t really think that sometimes pushing when someone is very poorly… Funnily enough, the ‘two broken arms’ wasn’t the worst thing, because I wasn’t in pain once they were in plaster.”

What was the worst thing? “He trained me all the way through glandular fever.” He would motivate her by telling her she probably couldn’t do it. “And because I was bloody minded, I would do it.”

“The psychological bashing was far worse than the physical bashing, and it’s amazing, physically, what you can actually deal with. But mentally, that’s the bit that becomes much more delicate, really,” she continues.

“That happened in ‘79, ‘80, only six months before my Olympic Games where I won my medal. And that was really hard. On top of that, we had Mrs Thatcher trying to pull us all out of the Olympic Games. I’d been training for 10 years, and I was maybe not even going to get to go. Those six months leading up to that Olympics were mentally very, very tough.”

Aged 18, she won silver in the Moscow 1980 Olympics. Many countries boycotted the games, which took place during the Soviet-Afghan war, and the final medal tally was skewed amid widespread doping by East Germany and the Soviet Union.

German swimmer Petra Schneider took gold in Davies’ race, with a whopping 10-second gap, as well as setting five world records at the games. She later admitted to steroid use.

“These poor girls turned out with square jaws and five o’clock shadows. The gaps were massive. They would take 1, 2, 3 – no one had ever seen them before. That just doesn’t happen,” Davies says.

“All of them were ill, and many of them have died, and several of them have had disabled children – all because the state wanted to win medals in major internationals.

“I had that 20-year period where they were my nemesis. They were there all the time. All of my major medals were behind East Germans – every single one. I’d have been European champion at 14, had it not been for East Germans, as well as Olympic champion.”

At the time, Davies “didn’t really speak” to her doped rivals: they were surrounded by guards and always kept on separate buses. She remembers bringing them gifts from the capitalist West, however.

“I used to take tights and make-up and magazines for the East Germans and the Russians,” she says. “One Russian lady I used to swim against all the time, I got on really well with, and I’d take her stuff from the West, because they had nothing.”

While travelling behind the Iron Curtain racing as a girl, Davies says, she saw “extreme socialism”. The experience has clearly shaped her politics. Although never a paid-up party member until last year, she has almost always voted Tory (apart from once voting for Tony Blair’s Labour). As a “big believer” in common sense and ambition, she sees herself reflected in the Conservative Party ethos.

Davies had just had her second child when the Berlin wall came down and she went over to meet Schneider. Her former rival, who couldn’t have more children, was “besotted” with Davies’ daughter Gracie.

“She’d been told it was too dangerous to have any more kids. She had one daughter. She really wanted more kids. She literally tried to give me her medal, which is very sad. She’s very poorly. She takes all sorts of pills, for kidneys and heart and goodness knows what.”

She still feels the unfairness of East German victories against her and her friends keenly, but there is empathy there too.

“What Petra said to me, which was quite interesting, and also against the rules at the time: they were winning cars and flats for their parents,” she says. “Who am I to say I wouldn’t have done exactly the same thing in their position? So, I never had a problem with her as an individual. It was the state and it was the IOC I had the problem with, who let this happen and did nothing to stop it for such a long time.”

 “We win races by hundredths of a second, and you’re saying we should potentially give away three-quarters of the length of the swimming pool”

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For Davies, the lesson is straight-forward: fairness in sport can disappear quickly if governing bodies fail to act. “If you cut me down the middle, it would just say ‘fair’,” she says. The blatant injustices of the era in which she competed have made Davies vigilant about protecting women’s sport – and for her, the contemporary question of transgender inclusion is directly comparable to doping.

Over the last decade, prompted by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) removing its requirement for trans athletes to undergo sex reassignment surgery, she has campaigned against the inclusion of trans women in female categories, including in her 2023 book Unfair Play.

“Really, it’s never been my perspective wanting to keep anybody out of sport – the opposite. I want everyone to do sport, but I just believe that women and girls deserve their fair opportunities,” she argues.

“We get this tiny, tiny slither of the cake, and then we were told we can’t even have fair sport anymore. I just thought, I can’t sit and watch this happen to another generation of young women all over again.”

Davies is adamant that no peer-reviewed science shows it is possible to remove male physical advantage. (While research on performance advantages continues to be contested, and policies vary between sports, the IOC is thought to be moving towards her position on this same basis.) Tiny differences matter hugely, she points out: Michael Phelps, for example, was a swimming “superstar”, yet his world records have already been broken because the margins are so slim.

“At Olympic level, we’re talking between 10 and 30 per cent,” she says of the male advantage. “Even in swimming, which is the closest at 10 to 11 per cent, that’s nearly three-quarters of the length of the swimming pool. We win races by hundredths of a second, and you’re saying we should potentially give away three-quarters of the length of the swimming pool.”

The other side sometimes argues that elite sports already accept huge biological variation – wingspan in swimming, lung capacity in cycling – and those competing are already exceptional, so why should sex-linked advantages be different?

“That’s a rubbish argument,” Davies replies. “The category isn’t arm span; the category isn’t lung capacity; the category isn’t the size of your feet. The category is biological sex.”

Trans athletes have complained about the overly hostile nature of the debate and say there is too little understanding of the difficult situation they find themselves in. Not allowing them to compete in the category that matches their gender identity, they argue, is discriminatory and unfairly limits access to sport. What is her response?

“Why does the conversation always turn around to men in women’s sport, who we’re supposed to feel sorry for?” she shoots back. “Why is your first instinct to say, ‘but the poor men can’t be in the women’s races where they want to be’, rather than ‘the poor women are losing their medals and opportunities’? Why are women taught to put themselves second, third and fourth all the time?”

The solution she champions is two categories: one female category and another open and inclusive. Not all sports governing bodies agree: some still allow trans women to compete if they suppress testosterone for a period of time; others, as in rounders, are not considered sex-affected sports, which Davies rejects. “We already have legal precedence which shows that the pool is a sex-affected sport, so you can be damn sure hitting a ball with a bat is sex-affected.”

President Trump has reversed Biden-era rules around trans inclusion in sport, decreeing that schools which “let men take over women’s sports teams” risk their federal funding. Davies is highly supportive – but what does she make of Trump generally?

She hesitates for the first time. “He’s definitely a polarising character, isn’t he? There’s a lot of things about him I don’t like. But obviously, with regards to protecting women’s sport, he’s absolutely done the right thing.”

Davies is enthusiastically pro-Badenoch, having worked with her on these issues when the Tory leader was equalities minister: “I have great faith in Kemi. Kemi is probably the biggest reason why I said yes. I really like Kemi. I like her scruples. I like the way she thinks. I like her honesty. I think she’s a great leader. She would make a great prime minister.”

The campaigner enters the Lords with certain priorities – first, “to ring-fence women’s sport and create better opportunities for it”. She would like to bring in a British equivalent to the American ‘Title IX’ law, which requires equal provision for men and women in sporting facilities.

And, notwithstanding her own fondness for posting online, Davies urges girls to get off social media and into sport. “We used to lose girls from sport at about 14, 15, when they discovered boys and makeup… Now we lose girls at 11.” She wants to find new ways of engaging them. “If that means hair dryers and changing rooms and Zumba classes, then let’s think outside of the box.”

Davies may only just be settling into life in the Lords, but she is already considering the legacy she wants to leave there – and pursuing it with characteristic tenacity.

Dr Austen Morgan is a barrister at 33 Bedford Row Chambers.  He is the author of: Pretence: why the United Kingdom needs a written constitution, London 2023.

The abandonment of the English IRA victims’ claim, against Gerry Adams, being heard by Mr Justice [Jonathan] Swift in the high court in London, on the last listed day, came as a surprise.  There will be no judgment to debate (or appeal).  But the three ageing claimants had risked losing their costs’ protection.  And it was Gerry Adams – importantly – who ended the fight.

The context of the McCue Jury & Partners unusual tortious claim needs to be appreciated.  This was private law, against an alleged natural tortfeasor (the IRA having no legal existence).  And the context was the conservatives’ 2023 Northern Ireland legacy act (public law), which the feeble Starmer government set out to repeal and replace (now paused), in order principally to please the Irish government and reset relationships with the EU.

The three claimants (who gave evidence) – John Clark, Jonathan Ganesh and Barry Laycock – had been caught up respectively in the 1973 Old Bailey bombings, and the 1996 (London) Docklands and Arndale (Manchester) IRA attacks.  One was left in no doubt – listening to their testimonies – about the lifelong physical and especially mental injuries of innocent passersby.

Gerry Adams – who was cross-examined relentlessly over two days by Sir Max Hill KC, a former director of public prosecutions – told us a different story: not only was he not a member of the army council in 1973 and 1996, and therefore not personally responsible (arguably) for the bombings; but, having joined Sinn Féin in 1964, he did not join the new provisional IRA in 1969 – he went through the troubles of the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s as a political activist while others did the killing and were killed!

Memoir evidence was adduced from Seán MacStíofáin, the English-born IRA chief of staff, and William Whitelaw, the secretary of state, about the secret Cheyne Walk talks in 1972, facilitated by the RAF, where Gerry Adams and Martin McGuinness were the youngest members of the Irish delegation; MacStíofáin, and especially Whitelaw, agreed that the UK government had negotiated with the IRA (not euphemistically with the republican movement).

Adams tried to allude, from the box, to the first Jonathan Swift, the Irish whig and hardly a republican, but his lordship was having none of this Irish familiarity and blather.

Adams was good on the historic crimes done Yeats’ Cathleen ni Houlihan (realized in 1902 by his unrequited love interest, Maud Gonne), even singing the praises of Dolours and Marian Price – the prison hunger-strikers after the Old Bailey bombing – who went on to oppose publicly the Irish Nelson Mandela (as Adams is characterised by some gushing identitarians).  Dolours, the older of the two, breached the republican code of omerta, by identifying Adams as her IRA commander, but the latter went again to gaol as an alleged dissident republican.

Closing submissions began on the Thursday of week two, and that is when the case started to go wrong.  Adams’ lawyers from Matrix chamber (including originally a certain Richard Hermer) had never tried to strike out the claim, one of the grounds for trying to do so being abuse of process because of the delays from 1973 and 1996 causing prejudice to Adams defence.

Observing from an overflow court, it seemed that the learned judge and Edward Craven KC for the defendant joined in confusing issues, when the question of the Limitation Act 1980 section 33 (discretionary exclusion – a statutory right – of time limit for actions in respect of injuries or death) should have been legally deconstructed.  (Adams had portrayed himself as the Irish peacemaker – laughably from the early 1970s at times – , and it is difficult to see how he was prejudiced as a defendant from 2022 after the acquiring of this historical reputation.)

On the Friday morning, having undoubtedly discussed matters with Adams, his legal team offered to ‘drop hands’ – essentially walk away from the court.  The claimants’ costs’ protection, granted by an earlier judge, had overnight become uncertain, because of the discussion of abuse of process.

The claimants’ solicitors (judging by their press release) are critical of the judge – the word unfairness has been uttered – but they would professionally have been required to bring their barristers and lay clients together on the last day on the risk of Adams demanding his not-inconsiderable legal costs.

The really perplexing thing about the case, is why Adams chose to fight in the royal courts of justice.  He had two alternative options.  One, he could have refused to leave his ‘Ireland’.  The claimants securing a punny judgment in default in London would have permitted him to lecture them about the need to move on.  Second, he could have taken ‘the fifth’ (in US speak): come into court and answered; on the advice of counsel, I decline respectfully to answer all questions on the ground that I might incriminate myself – the no comment defence.

Adams has been accused frequently of hubris.  Members of the public, and the very many journalists in court, heard Sir Max Hill’s seemingly endless flow of questions and Adams staccato ‘not true’ replies, where every witness – from rehabilitated republicans to military intelligence officers, anonymous and identified – was contemptuously dismissed as part of a UK conspiracy of liars out to do down the bearded one.

I learned something from the two days of cross-examination.  Perversely, Adams seemed to want to acknowledge the demonic figure created in the minds of his critics who had sworn to tell the truth.  That is why he came to London.  But in his consistent denials – counter-interrogation training anyone? – he turned himself into the major victim of the UK occupiers of his country, the habitué squatting in his mind for decades.  He was fighting still, and selflessly, for Cathleen ni Houlihan.

The claimants’ perpetrator was really the victim, according to the defendant.  An English high court judge would not be allowed to determine Gerry Adams’ involvement in the 1973 bombings, if not the 1996 ones.  That is why he dropped hands.  But, like the heroic victim, he was prepared to endure the four years of ‘torture’ constituted by the claim.  That is why he sat in court for two weeks, with anti-national types (in his judgment) rubbing shoulders with his close-body protection.

Martin McGuinness – who claimed unconvincingly to have left the IRA after Bloody Sunday – acknowledged his IRA membership on his gravestone in Derry in 2017 (having enjoyed Lord Saville’s earlier grant of immunity and still not broken his IRA oath).

Will Gerry Adams (in the continuing absence of a united Ireland by consent and still maintaining the code of omerta), then give us the finding of fact we might have obtained, but did not get, from Mr Justice Swift?