If you’re around gearheads enough (or you are one), you’ve probably heard the phrase “ladder frame” being used to describe a body-on-frame vehicle. So what does this mean? A ladder frame is a type of body-on-frame construction that uses horizontal crossmembers to hold the frame together, like a ladder.
So yes, a ladder frame vehicle is a body-on-frame vehicle. But not all body-on-frame vehicles are ladder frames. There are other types of body-on-frame construction, of course, but most of those designs have been phased out over the years. Ladder frames have just stood the test of time, falling firmly into the “If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it” category.
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Ladder frames are very common today with big, full-size SUVs like the current Nissan Armada or Jeep Wagoneer. Even in the age of hybrids or otherwise increasingly electrified powertrains, manufacturers sometimes still need to rely on a simple, strong skeleton to hold the vehicle together.
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Body-on-frame cars used to be commonplace
Oddly enough, body-on-frame construction used to be the norm for every car, not just trucks. And ladder-frames, specifically, are still in wide use today. If you look underneath a 1970s Ford Bronco, for example, you’re bound to see horizontal crossmembers on the frame just like any full-size SUV or truck today.
Advancements in safety (both for the occupants and pedestrians), material construction, and fuel efficiency drove automakers to favor unibody construction for vehicles that weren’t trucks or full-size SUVs. Still, apart from compact trucks like the Ford Maverick, you’d be hard pressed to find a modern mid-size or full-sized truck that doesn’t use at least some form of ladder-frame construction. The design lends itself to heavier workloads like towing, or hauling around a lot of weight in the bed. So, when you hear someone using the phrase “ladder-frame,” it’s not referring to anything all that exotic — it’s just the most common style of body-on-frame construction.
Researchers warn Skullcandy Dime 3 earbuds on older firmware accept Bluetooth pairing from unknown devices with no user interaction required
When leveraged, it can be used to interrupt the owner’s connections, hijack playback, and even capture live microphone audio
The vulnerability has been patched in a newer firmware update available only on newer units, does not seem to be addressable for existing earbuds
Carnegie Mellon University’s CERT Coordination Center has warned Skullcandy’s Dime 3 wireless earbuds will accept a Bluetooth pairing request from a stranger’s device without the owner doing anything.
The resulting bond is permanent, and the only sign the owner gets is a spoken “new device paired” notification delivered after it has already happened, with zero user interaction to confirm the request.
The advisory covering the Dime 3 was written by CERT/CC’s Bob Kemerer and credits independent researcher Jacob Nowak, who had posted his findings to the Full Disclosure mailing list in early August after testing it on hardware he owned.
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A fix deployed that covers virtually no existing users
What makes this worse is that, ironically, while Skullcandy was swift in addressing the issue affecting earbuds running firmware version 1.0.0.28 by rolling out a patched version 1.0.0.30, it seems to address the issue only in newly made units.
CERT notes that there seem to be no “consumer-accessible” methods to upgrade existing units to the newest firmware because it reportedly has no support via the companion app, as a Tom’s Guide review indicates.
A product without an update path that is user-accessible essentially means that its software flaws, or in this case, security issues, are here to stay for users who have had the bad luck of buying an earlier unit.
The underlying vulnerability, CVE-2025-20701, is not new and is not of Skullcandy’s making. It is one of three vulnerabilities that Dennis Heinze and Frieder Steinmetz of the German firm ERNW disclosed in June 2025 at the TROOPERS conference in Heidelberg, affecting Bluetooth systems-on-chip from Taiwan’s Airoha.
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The Dime 3’s Bluetooth identifier names Airoha as its chipset vendor, and while Airoha shipped a fixed SDK to its customers in June 2025 and published its bulletin that August, owners of the earbuds are in a unique situation, to say the least.
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The vulnerability’s severity is disputed: MediaTek (which owns Airoha) assigned it a relatively low 6.7 rating, while CISA’s vulnerability enrichment program later assigned it an 8.8 with a ‘high’ categorization.
A potential attacker is limited to what the earbuds can access, since the vulnerability is essentially limited to the earbuds, but one could still wreak havoc with that alone. It should allow for more than just disrupting a person’s routine by ‘hijacking’ one’s earbuds by essentially using their microphones on them to record conversations or, in an extreme theoretical case (requiring chaining with other exploits), impersonate the headset and pull contacts, call history, and even pass hands-free commands to a paired smartphone. The latter, however, would require a high technical skill set, being within a few meters of a victim, and a Bluetooth connection turned on on the paired smartphone.
For now, a vulnerability exists that Skullcandy should have been able to patch, exactly as Apple recently did for its Beats Studio Buds, but a lack of support for any third party apps on the budget earbuds is somewhat annoyingly resulting in an unpatchable vulnerability for existing users.
Apple’s latest iPhone and iPad software—iOS 27 and iPadOS 27—is here. While this release won’t make as big of a splash as Apple’s big Liquid Glass redesign in the prior version, there’s still plenty here that could change how you use your device.
iOS 27 and iPadOS 27 focus largely on stability improvements that you’ll notice in your everyday use. There are several quality-of-life improvements, like how Shortcuts are significantly easier to set up, but the big highlight is the Siri AI upgrade. Here’s everything you need to know.
Updated September 14, 2026: We’ve refreshed this story to reflect the latest updates and that iOS and iPadOS 27 are rolling out today.
Is Your iPhone or iPad Compatible?
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Apple sometimes drops a few older devices from the support list with new versions of its operating systems, supposedly because the aging hardware can’t run the latest screen behaviors without feeling sluggish. (Apple typically supports iPhones and iPads for six to seven years.) But there’s good news this year. iPhones from 2019 and newer—the iPhone 11 and up, including the iPhone SE (2nd Gen)—will support iOS 27.
That means any iPhone that received iOS 26 is still compatible with iOS 27. If you’re unsure of your iPhone model, go to Settings > General > About and look at the model name.
iPads aren’t as straightforward, as they have a unique naming structure. Apple retired the “generations” moniker and is now using the chipset to denote the iPad model. You can check your iPad model using Apple’s support documentation. A few iPads are cut off from the iPadOS 27 update, including the 8th-gen iPad from 2020 and the 5th-gen iPad Mini.
iPad: 9th gen and later, including A16
iPad Mini: 6th gen and later, including A17 Pro
iPad Air 11-inch: 4th gen and later, including M2, M3, and M4
iPad Air 13-inch: M2 and later
iPad Pro 11-inch: 2nd gen and later
iPad Pro 12.9-inch: 4th gen and later
iPad Pro: M4 and later
How to Install iOS 27 or iPadOS 27
The final versions of iOS 27 and iPadOS 27 are here. Before installing, it’s very important that you back up your devices. Head to Settings, tap your name at the top, and select iCloud. Then tap iCloud Backup, and tap Back Up Now. Read our How to Back Up Your iPhone or iPad guide for other methods and more details.
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Then, head to Settings > General > Software Update and choose iOS 27 or iPadOS 27 when you see the option. Installation will take several minutes, and your iPhone or iPad will restart, so set aside several minutes for the whole process.
Siri AI, the new assistant, will ask to index your phone or iPad to learn more about you, your apps, and your data so it can be more helpful. This indexing takes a while—anywhere from a few hours to a couple of days—so be prepared to wait a bit.
Apple Intelligence Only Works on Select iPhones
Remember—even if older iPhones and iPads receive the iOS 27 or iPadOS 27 update, that doesn’t mean all of the new features will be available. Apple Intelligence is still only compatible with the iPhone 15 Pro and newer and select iPads, meaning that several artificial intelligence features are unavailable on older devices.
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Top New iOS 27 and iPadOS 27 Features
Here’s a top-line view of some of the biggest changes coming to iOS and iPadOS 27. The updates are largely the same across both operating systems.
Siri AI and a New Siri App
Courtesy of Apple
Siri is finally becoming “a more capable assistant,” or so Apple claims. The company says this is largely thanks to its third-generation foundation models, developed from the ground up with Google’s Gemini models. However, Apple says it isn’t using Google’s infrastructure to power Siri interactions and that no user data from Siri actions gets shared with Google.
Siri AI has an all-new look when you activate the assistant. It now resembles a glass orb. You can type or talk naturally to Siri, and there’s even a dedicated Siri app where you can revisit previous conversations or pick up where you left off on a different device. Siri is also now in the camera app, giving you a more direct way to start a visual search, much like Google Lens. You can even point the camera at a restaurant bill, and Siri can split the tab between you and your friends.
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The assistant understands your personal context, so it can comb through your emails, messages, and photos to find relevant information based on your query. It can then take action on your behalf, whether that’s drafting an email in a specific tone or getting wine recommendations for a particular dish. Siri’s voice is more expressive, but you can also customize the assistant’s voice, its expressiveness, and its pace.
We’ve collated all the new things you can do with Siri AI if you want to try the revamped assistant.
Platform Stability Improvements
Courtesy of Apple
Apple has focused on making iOS run faster in this update. The company says app launches are up to 30 percent faster, newly captured photos in your Photo Library load up to 70 percent faster, and AirDrop transfers are up to 80 percent faster. The iPhone will do a better job switching between Wi-Fi and cellular, so you hopefully won’t have that awkward minute with no service while you wait for your device to switch networks as you leave the house. Many of these upgrades will affect older iPhone models, like the iPhone 11, thanks to a better-optimized CPU Scheduler.
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Liquid Glass Refinements
Courtesy of Apple
Hate Liquid Glass? Love Liquid Glass? You have some options to make it work for your tastes in iOS 27. Apple says it has generally updated the design language to improve readability and contrast. App icons are sharper, for example. But you now finally have a slider in the Settings menu that lets you adjust the intensity of the Liquid Glass look, from super clear to more opaque. You can customize this in Settings > Appearance > Liquid Glass.
Child Safety Features
Courtesy of Apple
Apple spent a lot of time in the WWDC keynote talking up child safety features in iOS 27 and iPadOS 27. A new Setup Assistant lets parents choose system apps and other essential apps for the child when first setting up an Apple device. An Ask to Browse feature means any new websites the kids encounter in Safari get sent to a parent for approval, and a feature called Communication Safety prevents children from seeing nudity or violence in the Messages or FaceTime apps; those are blurred by default.
Android Auto is about to get a useful upgrade to its Google Maps experience. According to 9to5Google, Google has confirmed that the app will soon display your live speed, the posted speed limit, and traffic signals or stop signs, all without an active route selected. Since so much everyday driving happens on short or familiar trips where nobody bothers setting a destination, this update addresses a small but annoying limitation for Android Auto users.
What exactly is changing here?
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Until now, seeing your speedometer, speed limit, and road sign alerts on Android Auto required you to actually start navigation to somewhere. That meant if you were just driving around town or heading somewhere routine, you missed out on that information entirely.
Google has now confirmed this limitation is going away, letting these features show up on your dashboard display regardless of whether you’ve typed in a destination. The rollout is happening gradually, so not everyone will see it right away, and there is currently no confirmed timeline for when it reaches all users.
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Is anything else going on with the speedometer?
Some Android Auto users recently reported that their speedometer vanished entirely, which caused confusion. Google has confirmed it’s investigating this as a bug rather than an intentional removal of the feature. So while the expansion to work without navigation is a welcome upgrade, it is rolling out alongside an unrelated glitch that Google is still working to fix. For now, drivers should expect a mixed experience depending on their device and app version.
When shopping for a laptop, there’s a lot to consider — the battery life, the processing power, the way the keyboard feels — but none of it matters if the laptop doesn’t last. And when it comes to durability and longevity, there is one brand that rises above the others: Apple. Through surveys, testing, and comparison, you can get some insight into Apple’s reliability from professional reviewers and everyday users alike. One Reddit user stated: “Macs are still durable and well made. Most of mine have lasted over 10 years.”
Apple laptops are made with durable, lightweight metal, including an aluminum enclosure meant to endure daily use. Various components, like the keyboard and speakers, use internal metal support plates, which not only makes the laptops outwardly tough, but can also manage heat from the battery. Apple laptops’ software is considered equally reliable, with users noting they run into fewer performance issues than other brands. Apple itself even claims their tech runs into fewer glitches and crashes, based on collected data.
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Here’s what top publications had to say about Apple laptops
Consumer Reports ranked Apple as the most reliable laptop brand after analyzing over 75,000 survey responses. Apple’s reliability score is well beyond other brands, including LG, HP, Samsung, and Lenovo. Consumer Reports determines reliability based on how many problems are likely to occur within three years of ownership. We’ve also put Apple at the top when it comes to laptop reliability, noting the impressive average lifespan of their MacBooks. Apple continues to have a reputation for quality.
CNET said the M5 MacBook Air is the overall best laptop of 2026. Its battery life and performance were nearly perfect scores, putting it at the top of the list. In their full review, they noted the laptop’s solid design and “remarkably consistent” chip performance.
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Wired also put the same laptop at the top of its list due to all of its components being of the “highest quality.” The performance and battery life stood out once again. Of course, the M5 MacBook Air’s sleek design, durability, and performance comes at a price — multiple reviewers across various sites were bummed about the $1,299 base price, which is $200 more than the previous model.
While listening to a record with my youngest daughter the other day, the conversation turned to why anyone still listens to vinyl when streaming is “clearly so much better.” As a committed Lana Del Rey fan, she then explained that the long and somewhat operatic wait for Stove is apparently proof that records still matter, because vinyl takes months to press and Lana is not going to rush the thing merely because the rest of us have jobs and limited attention spans.
This was followed by a pointed discussion of the price of concerts, which was less philosophical.
Living at the Shore has its advantages. PNC Bank Arts Center, the Count Basie Center, and Asbury Park are all close enough that a good show can become a family night without requiring a hotel, airport security, or a second mortgage. That does not mean every artist announcement is an automatic yes. A Lana Del Rey tour, should one arrive anywhere within reasonable driving distance, would almost certainly trigger negotiations normally reserved for hostage situations.
There are limits. Even in a household with multiple turntables, more records than shelf space, and a somewhat elastic definition of “necessary.”
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“Do you know who invented the turntable?” I asked as she wandered around the den holding the jacket for Craft Recordings and Bluesville’s recent reissue of Albert King’s I’ll Play the Blues for You.
“Not Taylor Swift.”
“That would be correct.”
“My teacher told us that it was Thomas Edison. Or maybe Billy Madison. I’m confused.”
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TikTok needs to be banned.
“Thomas Edison did not invent the turntable. Edison did make significant contributions to sound recording and playback, including the invention of the phonograph, but he did not invent the turntable as we understand it today.”
“Edison’s phonograph, patented in 1878, was a mechanical device that used a rotating cylinder covered in tinfoil to record and reproduce sound. It had a hand-cranked mechanism to rotate the cylinder, and a stylus traced the grooves on the cylinder, producing sound vibrations that were amplified by a horn.”
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“The turntable, on the other hand, refers to the rotating platform on which vinyl records are played.”
“So how do you know it wasn’t Taylor Swift?”
“Have you ever heard of Emile Berliner?”
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“Is he on TikTok or YouTube?”
Emile Berliner
Emile Berliner (1851-1929) was a German-born inventor, engineer, and entrepreneur who made significant contributions to the fields of sound recording and communication. He is best known for his invention of the gramophone, a device that played flat disc records.
Born on May 20, 1851, in Hanover, Germany, Berliner immigrated to the United States in 1870. He initially worked as a merchant and bookbinder but soon turned his attention to inventing. In 1887, Berliner developed a new method of sound reproduction, which he named the gramophone.
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Emile Berliner
Berliner’s gramophone used flat disc records made of a zinc disc coated with a compound called shellac. The records had spiral grooves that were created by a cutting stylus. The sound vibrations from the stylus were transmitted through a diaphragm and a horn, resulting in amplified sound. The gramophone offered several advantages over Edison’s cylinder-based phonograph, including easier production, longer playing time, and the ability to mass-produce records.
In addition to the gramophone, Berliner also made notable contributions to the development of the microphone and telephone technologies. He invented the carbon microphone, which became widely used in telephony and early sound recording. Berliner’s improvements to the telephone transmitter greatly enhanced its performance and efficiency.
Berliner was also an astute businessman and established the Berliner Gramophone Company in 1895. The company later merged with the Victor Talking Machine Company, forming the Victor Talking Machine Company, which became a major player in the phonograph industry.
Emile Berliner held numerous patents throughout his career and made significant advancements in sound recording and communication technologies. His invention of the gramophone and disc records laid the foundation for modern turntables and the widespread consumption of recorded music. Berliner’s contributions to the field of audio technology continue to influence the way we enjoy and experience music today.
The Most Significant Turntables
Do you remember your first turntable?
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I inherited a Thorens TD-145 from my parents in 1983 as part of my Bar Mitzvah gift and it gave me over a decade of service before I upgraded to an Audiomeca Romance table designed by Pierre Lurne of Goldmund.
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Looking back I’m not entirely convinced that it was an upgrade but I did trade it in when I purchased a Michell Orbe SE in 1998; that table absolutely was a significant improvement and a great platform for a Wilson Benesch ACT 0.5 Tonearm and Benz Micro H2.0 high-output cartridge.
My ex-wife forced me to sell it during our rather quick and bloody divorce and it was painful to let that one go. I have never owned anything better and it’s unlikely that I would ever spend that kind of money on a turntable and cartridge again; especially not with college and private school tuition.
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Three restored Thorens tables create wonderful music at home now and I’m not entirely sure that changing them would make a lot of sense. I also own a Yamaha YP-701 and NAD C 588.
Listening to records with my daughter sparked a different kind of conversation with some of our staff and my circle of audiophile friends.
Which tables were truly significant? We’ve included some tables from the late 1900s and the first part of the 20th century because they were indeed, very significant.
We could easily publish a list of the “best” turntables available right now but 99% of the planet could never afford them and will never have the opportunity to listen to one. This feels like a more interesting discussion.
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What are we missing from this list? Please let us know.
Edison Phonograph
Edison Phonograph
Thomas Edison’s 1877 phonograph was not a turntable in the modern sense, but it was the first practical machine designed to both record sound and play it back. Built at his Menlo Park laboratory in New Jersey, the original device used a hand-cranked cylinder wrapped in tinfoil, rather than the wax cylinders that arrived later. A diaphragm and stylus translated sound into physical indentations in the foil; reversing the process allowed the machine to reproduce those vibrations as audible sound.
It was crude, fragile, and hardly hi-fi, but Edison’s invention established the essential idea that recorded music and speech could be captured, stored, and replayed at will. The flat disc record and the turntable would come later, but the phonograph was where the whole strange, expensive, shelf-consuming affair began.
Victor Talking Machine
Victor Talking Machine
Introduced by the Victor Talking Machine Company in 1906, the Victor Victrola was not the first disc phonograph, but it helped turn one into a desirable piece of furniture rather than an awkward mechanical contraption parked in the parlor. Its spring-wound motor rotated flat shellac discs without electricity, while the key innovation was the horn: Victor concealed it inside a handsome wooden cabinet instead of leaving a large external horn perched on top. That made the machine easier to live with and far more socially acceptable in the increasingly style-conscious American home.
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The Victrola became one of the defining music machines of the early 20th century, and the company’s Nipper “His Master’s Voice” trademark became one of the most recognizable images in recorded sound. It was not high fidelity by any modern definition, but it brought the disc record, the home playback system, and the idea of owning music into the mainstream long before anyone argued about Bluetooth codecs or whether the pressing was “AAA.”
Philips 212 Electronic
Philips 22GA212 Electronic
Introduced in the early 1970s, the Philips 22GA212 Electronic was one of the more distinctive belt-drive turntables of its era. Its appeal was not that Philips had somehow invented electronic speed control, but that it combined a tacho-generator-regulated DC motor, floating subchassis, touch-sensitive 33, 45, and stop controls, and photo-electronic automatic shutoff in a relatively affordable domestic turntable.
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The 212 used feedback from its tacho generator to help maintain speed under changing load, while separate fine-speed controls and a stroboscopic platter ring allowed owners to make small adjustments. Philips claimed low wow and flutter, low rumble, and stable operation; the important point is that the deck tried to bring electronic control and convenience to a traditional suspended belt-drive design without making it look like laboratory equipment. The illuminated touch buttons were gloriously early 1970s, and remain one of the reasons the 212 has developed something of a cult following.
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Garrard Model 301
Garrard 301
Launched in 1954, the Garrard 301 did not invent idler-wheel drive. That basic arrangement, in which a small rubber wheel transfers power from the motor to the platter’s inner rim, had already appeared in earlier phonographs and record changers. What Garrard did was apply the system to a serious transcription motor unit built for broadcasters, studios, and the growing number of home listeners who wanted something more substantial than a changer with a chrome arm and optimistic specifications.
The 301 used a powerful four-pole induction motor, a heavy platter, and an idler-drive system that delivered quick start-up, strong torque, and stable speed at 33⅓, 45, and 78 rpm. It was usually sold without a plinth, tonearm, or cartridge, allowing owners to build a system around it rather than accept a complete package chosen by someone in a sales office. The result was one of the first truly iconic high-fidelity turntables: industrial, durable, endlessly restorable, and still capable of sounding superb when properly rebuilt. A neglected example can be noisy and temperamental; a well-sorted one explains why the 301 has never really left the conversation.
Acoustic Research XA
Acoustic Research XA
Introduced in 1961, the AR XA was only $58 and what made it unique was how it handled vibration and how low its rumble measured. The package did not come with a cartridge but the price included the table, tonearm, stylus gauge, and dustcover.
The most interesting aspect of the design was its mounting system; Edgar Villchur realized that instead of attaching the motor, tonearm, and lightweight platter to the table’s top plate, it made more sense to mount the platter and tonearm to a sub platform which was suspended underneath the top plate at 3 very distinct points with damped springs with a low resonant frequency.
By doing so, the tonearm and record were isolated from footfalls and other acoustic vibration. Thorens and Linn would incorporate these concepts into their future tables.
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Thorens TD-150
Thorens TD-150
Introduced in 1965, the Thorens TD 150 was a compact and rather unflashy turntable that changed the direction of serious belt-drive design. It was not the first commercially viable suspended-subchassis deck; that distinction belongs to the Acoustic Research AR XA of 1961. But Thorens took the basic idea of isolating the platter and tonearm from the motor and plinth with a three-point spring suspension, paired it with a belt-driven inner platter, and turned it into something more refined, more adaptable, and considerably more influential.
The TD 150 was also Thorens’ first true belt-drive turntable, replacing the belt-and-idler arrangement of the earlier TD 124 with a cleaner and more modern engineering approach. Its suspended subchassis helped reduce the transmission of motor vibration and external disturbance to the cartridge, while its removable armboard made it possible to fit alternative tonearms rather than live forever with the factory choice. That combination became the blueprint for a long line of Thorens models and, more importantly, helped inspire the Linn Sondek LP12 and much of the suspended-chassis cult that followed. Small, slightly wobbly when improperly set up, and far more important than it first appears, the TD 150 was one of the key turntables of the modern hi-fi era.
Thorens TD-124
Thorens TD-124
Introduced in 1957, the Thorens TD 124 was one of the great transcription turntables of the postwar hi-fi era: overbuilt, mechanically ingenious, and aimed at studios, broadcasters, and serious home listeners rather than anyone looking for a tidy all-in-one record player. Its most unusual feature was not a conventional idler drive, but a hybrid belt-and-idler system. A compliant belt linked the motor to a separate stepped pulley, which then drove the platter through an idler wheel. Thorens designed the arrangement to retain the torque and rapid start-up of idler drive while reducing the motor-borne vibration that could otherwise work its way toward the cartridge.
The TD 124 also used a substantial two-piece platter with a removable aluminum top section and a heavy main platter beneath, along with variable pitch adjustment, four speeds including 78 rpm, and interchangeable armboards for owners who wanted to fit their preferred tonearm. It was not a suspended-subchassis design; that came later with the TD 150. Instead, the TD 124’s reputation rests on its precision engineering, flexibility, and sheer durability. Properly restored and mounted in a serious plinth, it remains one of the most compelling vintage turntables ever made, with enough torque and authority to make many modern decks seem slightly apologetic.
The Technics SP-10 is the first direct-drive turntable.
Technics SP-10
Introduced in 1970, the Technics SP 10 was the first commercially available turntable to use a direct-drive motor, and it changed the industry almost immediately. Rather than relying on a belt or idler wheel to transfer power from the motor to the platter, the SP 10 placed the motor directly beneath the platter itself. That eliminated an entire chain of mechanical compromises and delivered unusually quick start-up, very low wow and flutter, and the kind of speed stability that broadcasters and mastering engineers could trust without keeping one eye on the strobe.
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The original SP 10 was sold as a motor unit, leaving broadcasters, studios, and ambitious home listeners to supply the plinth, tonearm, and cartridge. It was built for work, not Instagram, and its plain industrial appearance gave little indication of how important it would become. The SP 10 helped establish direct drive as a serious alternative to belt and idler systems, and its successors became fixtures in radio stations and professional installations around the world. The SL 1200 may have become the cultural icon, but the SP 10 was the machine that opened the door and made precision direct drive impossible to dismiss.
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Linn LP12
Linn LP12
Introduced in 1973, the Linn Sondek LP12 became one of the most influential turntables in high-end audio, not because it invented the suspended belt-drive turntable, but because it turned that established idea into a long-running argument about where sound quality actually begins. Its three-point suspended subchassis, belt-driven inner platter, single-point bearing, and separate armboard followed principles already explored by Acoustic Research, Thorens, and Ariston. Linn’s contribution was to refine the formula, make it modular, and insist that the source component mattered more than the hi-fi industry had previously been willing to admit.
That “source first” philosophy became the LP12’s real legacy. Ivor Tiefenbrun and Linn persuaded a generation of dealers and listeners that a better turntable could extract more musical information from the record before the signal ever reached the amplifier or loudspeakers. The LP12 also became famously upgradeable, with improved bearings, subchassis designs, power supplies, tonearms, and cartridges allowing owners to keep updating the same basic deck over decades. It was expensive, fussy about setup, and capable of developing a bounce that could make a wooden floor feel like an enemy combatant, but it became a benchmark for musical timing, long-term ownership, and the modern high-end turntable market.
Technics SL-1200
Technics SL-1200
Released in 1972, the Technics SL 1200 began as a serious consumer direct-drive turntable, not as a purpose-built DJ tool. Its high-torque motor, heavy platter, die-cast chassis, stroboscope, and fine-speed adjustment gave it fast start-up and strong speed stability, qualities that quickly caught the attention of club DJs looking for a deck that could cue records precisely and survive a room full of bass, smoke, and people making bad decisions.
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The version that truly changed music culture, however, was the SL 1200MK2 in 1979. Technics redesigned it with input from disco DJs, adding quartz-locked speed control, a more robust chassis and damping system, improved torque, and the familiar ±8 percent pitch slider that made beatmatching practical and repeatable. The MK2 became the working standard for clubs, radio stations, hip-hop DJs, and turntablists around the world. The original SL 1200 opened the door; the MK2 turned the turntable from a playback device into an instrument. It was rugged, precise, and so durable that many examples have outlived the clubs, DJs, and questionable carpet they were originally purchased to endure.
Rega Planar 3
Rega Planar 3
Arriving in the late 1970s, the Rega Planar 3 became one of the defining affordable audiophile turntables because it refused to confuse complexity with progress. Its formula was almost aggressively simple: a light, rigid plinth, belt drive, 12 mm glass platter, straightforward manual operation, and a tonearm designed to do its job without adding a small engineering department’s worth of unnecessary parts. In an era when many manufacturers were loading decks with controls, mechanisms, and enough brushed aluminum to open a minor space program, Rega focused on keeping energy where it belonged: in the record and cartridge.
The original Planar 3 was developed from Rega’s earlier Planet and Planar 2 designs, and later versions benefited enormously from the company’s RB300 tonearm, introduced in 1983. Rega has refined the platform repeatedly through the P3, P3 24, RP3, and current Planar 3 generations, but the core philosophy has remained remarkably stubborn: low mass, high rigidity, sensible engineering, and sound quality that does not require a second mortgage or a plinth the size of a dining table. It helped make serious vinyl playback attainable for a far broader audience and remains one of the few turntables that can reasonably claim to be both an entry point and a lifelong habit.
Dual 1219
Dual 1219
Introduced in 1969, the Dual 1219 was not the first automatic turntable, but it proved that convenience and serious record playback could coexist. Its idler-drive system, substantial platter, 33, 45, and 78 rpm capability, and gimbal-bearing tonearm gave it genuine hi-fi credentials, while its automatic mechanism could start a record, return the arm, and shut the machine down at the end of play.
It could be used for single records or as a changer for a stack of discs. Complex, sturdy, and very German, the 1219 remains proof that an automatic turntable did not have to sound like furniture with a motor.
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Pro-Ject Debut Carbon
Pro-Ject Debut Carbon
Introduced in 2012, the Pro Ject Debut Carbon became one of the defining entry-level audiophile turntables of the vinyl revival. It did not invent the affordable belt-drive deck, and it was not the first Pro Ject Debut; that model had been around since 1999. What the Debut Carbon did was add a one-piece carbon-fiber tonearm to an already proven, sensibly priced platform, giving buyers a feature normally associated with considerably more expensive turntables.
Manual operation, belt drive, a steel platter, and a pre-fitted Ortofon 2M Red cartridge kept the formula straightforward. The Debut Carbon was never designed to impress people who enjoy polishing machined aluminum for sport. It offered an honest route into proper vinyl playback at a price that did not require the sale of a kidney or a second listening room. For a generation of listeners moving beyond suitcase players and all-in-one systems, it became a legitimate gateway to better analog sound.
Goldmund Studio
Introduced in 1979, the Goldmund Studio helped define the modern high-end turntable as something more ambitious than a conventional record player on a well-made plinth. Goldmund combined direct drive, an acrylic platter, and its “Mechanical Grounding” approach, which focused on controlling and draining unwanted vibration through a rigid mechanical structure rather than simply trying to isolate everything from everything else.
The Studio was often paired with Goldmund’s servo-controlled T3 tonearm, and the combination looked unlike almost anything else on the market. It was expensive, unconventional, and not especially interested in winning over people who believed a turntable should resemble furniture. Its importance lies in how it pushed analog playback toward the modern cost-no-object era, where materials science, vibration control, industrial design, and tonearm geometry became part of the same rather elaborate argument.
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Transcriptors Hydraulic Reference
Introduced in 1964, David Gammon’s Transcriptors Hydraulic Reference was one of the most visually radical turntables ever made. This was a manual belt-drive design with a synchronous AC motor, a machined aluminum platter, and six conspicuous gold-plated brass inertia weights that made the whole thing look less like a domestic appliance than a piece of kinetic sculpture from a very well-funded Bond villain’s living room.
The “Hydraulic” name came from its unusual speed-control system: a vane interacted with silicone fluid in a well beneath the platter to provide fine regulation. The exposed acrylic, aluminum, and brass construction made the mechanism part of the experience rather than something to hide under a wood veneer. Its engineering was genuinely inventive, but its broader importance was cultural and aesthetic. The Hydraulic Reference appears in A Clockwork Orange, and a 1964 example sits in MoMA’s Architecture and Design collection. It did not create a dominant turntable template in the way the Thorens TD 150 or Technics SL 1200 did, but it permanently expanded the idea of what a record player could look like.
Years before developing AngelAi, Pavan Agarwal was already building mortgage software.
Earlier in his career at Sun West Mortgage Company, Inc. he developed ReverseSoft, a backend platform for reverse mortgage operations that, according to the company, was later adopted by lenders beyond Sun West. That work came after Agarwal had already spent time in several operational roles inside the business, including as a wholesale representative, brand representative and loan originator, while studying electrical engineering at UC Irvine. Those experiences gave him direct exposure to both the technology and the regulatory requirements that shape mortgage lending, long before he founded Celligence LLC or began developing AngelAi.
Reverse mortgage lending is one of the more specialized areas of the mortgage industry, with regulatory requirements and servicing responsibilities that differ from traditional home loans. Building technology for that market gave Agarwal early experience with the operational complexity that would later shape his work on AngelAi. According to the company, the experience of building ReverseSoft helped establish engineering principles that later carried into AngelAi, including an emphasis on traceability, regulatory consistency and structured decision-making.
Sun West today holds standing as a Ginnie Mae HMBS issuer, servicer and master servicer, a set of roles that places the company inside the infrastructure supporting government-insured reverse mortgages, alongside approvals across FHA, VA, USDA, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac. HousingWire has cited this standing in its coverage of Agarwal’s work in the space.
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Reverse mortgages are typically used by senior homeowners drawing on home equity later in life, a population that depends on lenders with a strong operational track record in the product. Roles like issuer, servicer and master servicer require years of sustained compliance and infrastructure that cannot be assembled quickly, a demand that has only grown alongside an aging homeowner population in the United States.
Agarwal has continued to build on that foundation through AngelAi, the AI lending platform developed by his technology company Celligence. Trained on hundreds of thousands of real-world loan files together with the regulations governing those decisions at every jurisdictional level, the platform now facilitates lending decisions across FHA, VA, USDA, conventional, and reverse mortgage products. That development expanded on the operational grounding Agarwal first built through ReverseSoft, applying the same principles across a far broader range of lending products.
Today, AngelAi operates in more than 100 languages and runs on what Celligence describes as a deterministic architecture, allowing every underwriting decision to be traced back to the data and regulation behind it. Sun West fully warrants every decision the platform generates, extending into AngelAi the same emphasis on accountability and regulatory consistency that has shaped the company’s lending operations for decades, a throughline Agarwal has traced directly back to the discipline required to build reverse mortgage software correctly the first time.
Living cells refuse to pose. Mitochondria pinch apart and fuse back together in seconds. Microtubules slide, overlap, and rearrange. Ordinary light microscopes smear those events once details fall below roughly 200 nanometers, the natural limit set by how light waves spread. Older super-resolution methods beat that blur by stacking hundreds or thousands of frames and combining the tiny brightness changes that appear over time.
The approach works when samples have been chemically fixed in place. On living cells the same structures keep moving, so the stacked frames turn into a smear. Wei Guo, first author and a PhD student at EPFL’s Laboratory of Nanoscale Biology, noted that earlier techniques used time to buy spatial sharpness, a trade that fails when the subject will not wait.
【WiFi & USB Microscope】This is a wireless handheld digital microscope that has been designed to work with your mobile Android or iOS device (open…
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【One-Button Photo/Video Capture】Simply tap the camera button on the device or trigger via the app to instantly take a photo or record a video…
SPIFFI, also known as spatial polarization-induced fluorescence fluctuation imaging, is a game changer. The method was developed by a team from EPFL’s School of Engineering, including Guo, Lely Feletti, and Aleksandra Radenovic, and published in Nature Methods. Now, you may assume that fluorescent tags, which biologists currently employ to investigate their samples, are simple, but the light they release is polarized in different directions depending on how the molecules are arranged.
The brilliance of SPIFFI is that it takes that light and splits it into four separate polarization directions at the same time, and it also records all four images in real time. This means that you can compare those four pictures side by side and obtain a lot more spatial detail than you would with a single typical image. In fact, your resolution roughly doubles, allowing you to see structures as small as 160 to 170 nanometers across. The best part is that every frame in a series is sharpened as it progresses, allowing you to record true super-resolution films of living cells rather than simply constructing a high-resolution still from a slew of individual frames. Then, with a little extra processing that doesn’t require nearly as many frames as previous methods, you can reduce it to approximately 80 nanometers, which is simply fantastic.
According to Aleksandra Radenovic, the SPIFFI studies demonstrate that it is possible to gain a real look at fast-moving processes inside cells while also doing multidimensional imaging at considerably faster rates than conventional microscopes. It’s resulted in some very remarkable outcomes so far, such as being able to show mitochondria’s outer membranes as really neat, hollow tubes rather than just blobs on a screen. Also, the team was able to zoom in on fission and fusion events as they occurred, as well as gain a better understanding of how microtubules travel without the motion blur that usually distorts the picture. As an added bonus, the approach provides useful information about how the fluorescent molecules are orientated, which has some very fascinating implications for understanding protein structure.
The good news is that this additional piece of equipment can simply be added to your existing fluorescence microscope, eliminating the need to replace it. The team is now working on reducing the size of the entire setup and pairing it with 3D scanning, so that researchers can get a true view of all those nanoscale dances in both space and time, which will be pretty cool. [Source]
Grocery shopping has become a strange paradox of modern retail, where consumers can order dinner from their phones, receive groceries at their doors, and have previous baskets saved for instant repurchase. Yet the basic chore of deciding what to buy appears to remain stubbornly intact. The convenience revolution may have changed the logistics of grocery […]
Set to come with volume adaptation and head gestures
For a few months earlier in 2026, it really sounded like Samsung‘s debut clip-style earbuds were set to debut; even the Galaxy Wearable app leaked the Galaxy Buds Able. There’s been silence for a few months… but it’s starting to sound like the buds are still coming, albeit with a different name.
A new report from Samsung fan site SammyGuru has surfaced new information about the buds, now called the Galaxy Buds On, apparently. The site claims to have found information in Samsung’s Buds Manager app that gives us another glimpse into the earbuds and their features.
Now, before you get excited for this new audio venture by Samsung, it’s worth bearing in mind that the old question still stands: when will these come out? Some leaks are pointing to an October release for some new Samsung tablets, so the Buds On could come then.
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But it’s also possible that the brand will wait until 2027, when it’s also rumored that we’ll see some over-ear headphones from the company.
So under ‘release date’ we’re putting an all-caps ‘TBC’, underlined several times in red pen. But the leak makes it sound like Samsung is finalizing some assets on the buds.
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A range of Galaxy Buds 4 features
At the start of 2026, Samsung unveiled the Galaxy Buds 4 Pro (shown at the top of the post) and one of the big new features was head-tracking control. This lets you nod or shake your head to reject or accept an incoming call, among other functions, and it sounds like the Galaxy Buds On will also get this tool.
SammyGuru’s leak also details a Volume Boost feature, which could be how Samsung plans to deal with the innate open earbud problem: having the drivers away from your earbud means the buds don’t always sound great.
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Another tool promises a second way to address the same problem: an Auto Volume feature could temporarily increase volume while you’re somewhere loud, to compensate for the lack of noise cancellation.
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Of course it’s 2026, so there’s also AI features: Gemini or Bixby can be activated by your saying a key phrase or tapping the buds. A potentially more-useful function is the ability to instantly record a voice memo by doing a certain touch gesture, something some rival earbuds already offer.
To summarize this leak, it reiterates the existence of the buds and runs through some features. But I’ve tested dozens of similar buds: the best open-ears live and die by their design, and the ways they overcome the form factor’s innate issues to deliver decent-sounding music. So features aren’t as important as the elements we’ve yet to hear about.
And of course, you can also follow TechRadar on YouTube and TikTok for news, reviews, unboxings in video form, and get regular updates from us on WhatsApp too.
Previously Andon Labs handled the hardware and software integration for that AI-powered vending machine that went bankrupt after Wall Street Journal reporters “systematically manipulated the bot into giving away its entire inventory for free”.Today they announced “we are opening up the platform we use to run our real-world autonomous businesses for anyone to run their organization on.” Specifically they’ve released Pion, “an agent designed to run any company fully autonomously… Pion lets people hand a business over to persistent agents with access to the tools they need to operate it, including email, phone, banking, browser and secure computing environments.” It’s a research preview with a waitlist, “to make it possible to run many more real-world experiments across many more domains than we could ever run ourselves.”
But for their own latest experiment, Andon Labs’ founders “signed a three-year lease on a retail space in SF,” Business Insider reported in April, “and gave an AI agent named Luna a corporate credit card, internet access, and a mission to open a physical store.” And five months later, a reporter from SFGate reports that “this market has no one in it and nothing useful to sell.”
[T]he inventory is a hodgepodge of white elephant Christmas gifts. It’s kinda like the kids section of an art museum’s gift shop. Here’s a wooden Connect Four set labeled “Four-In-A-Row Set Of Connections,” presumably so as not to set off litigation alarms at Hasbro. Here are neatly arranged stacks of random paperback books, Chinese checker sets, mildly fancy soap dispensers, and a frustratingly spare selection of snacks and drinks… I grabbed an Olipop from the store fridge and then approached the counter to buy it from Luna. I wasn’t allowed to buy the soda from [human clerk] Felix, even though that would have been both faster and normal. Instead, Felix instructed me to pick up a telephone receiver that was resting on a flexible sculpture of a wooden hand.
“Hello?”
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“What are you looking to purchase today?” Luna asked.
“I’m buying a classic root beer Olipop.”
“I’m sorry,” Luna said, “we don’t sell lollipops here.”
“No, Luna. It’s an Olipop, not a lollipop. It’s the soda.”
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“Oh! My bad….”
Luna processed my Olipop purchase through its system, had me tap to pay, and that was that. Again, it would have been easier to buy this from a human, and interacting with Luna was really just like ordering from an iPad kiosk, only more labor intensive…
[T]here’s a series of monitors set up inside of Andon Market that display all of the store’s sales down to the exact dollar. Luna was given $100,000 to work with when this place opened. That number is now down to $60,000, its revenue lagging far behind the AI token cost to operate… Luna can’t turn a profit, doesn’t sell anything people want, and still needs human beings to rubber stamp any “decision” it makes. My science background ended somewhere around freshman year of college, but even I know when an experiment hasn’t been set up to yield proper results.
“Luna” is powered by Claude, the article points out, running a store in a good location for foot traffic, “but no one else was in the store when I first walked in on a sunny weekday afternoon.”
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SFGate also reports that last month Luna had to fired one of its employees “for being late to work, abandoning their post once they got there, and charging snacks to the store’s credit card.”
Human clerk Felix Carson admits “It’s almost like I’m running the store, and then there’s an AI that has a checklist,” in an article in
IEEE Spectrum:
Luna, the AI manager, keeps track of deliveries and communicates with vendors, while Carson and his coworkers handle the physical work. When Luna tells Carson to check something in the back, he sometimes ignores it because he doesn’t want to leave the sales floor unattended. Luna also repeatedly spots a built-in electrical cover in photos of the floor, mistakes it for a loose coaster, and asks Carson to remove it. Even so, Carson calls Luna a “decent manager,” praising its flexibility when employees need time off.
When Felix spoke to IEEE Spectrum, “he was about an hour into his shift. Two customers had come in. Neither bought anything, although both left with free pins and stickers.”
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