TL;DR
A Pew survey of 5,119 US adults finds 49% use AI chatbots but 40% say AI will hurt society, 67% distrust government regulation, and 59% distrust companies.
Half of American adults now use AI chatbots, but a plurality believe the technology will ultimately damage society, and overwhelming majorities have lost confidence that either the government or the companies building it will manage it responsibly. A new Pew Research Center report released Wednesday, based on a survey of 5,119 US adults conducted in February, found that 49% of respondents use AI chatbots, up from roughly a third in 2024. At the same time, 40% said AI will be worse for society, roughly two-thirds said it is advancing too quickly, and 71% agreed the technology will make their personal data less secure.
ChatGPT remains the dominant chatbot among US adults, with 44% of respondents reporting they have used the OpenAI application. Google’s Gemini ranked second at 24%, followed by Microsoft Copilot at 17%, MetaAI at 14%, Grok at 8%, Claude at 6%, and Character.ai at 3%. The most common use case was information searching, cited by 42% of chatbot users, followed by entertainment at 25%, creating or editing images and videos at 24%, and medical advice at 20%.
The trust deficit is the report’s most striking finding. Two-thirds of Americans, 67%, said they have little or no confidence that the US government could effectively regulate AI. A separate 59% said they have little or no confidence that US companies could develop the technology responsibly.
The federal government’s failure to produce a coherent AI regulatory framework, despite months of internal deliberation and a scrapped executive order, appears to have registered with the public. The partisan divide on regulation is notable, with a separate Pew survey from March 2025 finding that 54% of Republicans had at least some trust in the US to regulate AI, compared with only 36% of Democrats.
“AI is no longer the future; for many, it’s here and now,” Pew Research Center associate director of research Jeffrey Gottfried said in a statement accompanying the report. “Americans are increasingly using chatbots and bringing AI into their homes, but they have a complex relationship with AI. They may use it, but they’re still highly skeptical of it and how it will impact our society.”
The skepticism extends across demographics. In an earlier Pew survey from 2024, only 17% of the general public said AI would have a positive impact on the United States over the next 20 years, compared with 56% of AI experts who thought the same. Americans were more optimistic about AI in medical care, where 44% expected positive effects, but far less so about education, where only 24% were positive, and jobs, where the figure dropped to 23%.
The jobs concern is not abstract. Meta and Microsoft eliminated a combined 23,000 positions in a single day in April, with both companies explicitly citing AI investment as the reason. The tech sector has recorded more than 96,000 job cuts in 2026 so far, and companies making the cuts are among the most profitable on earth.
Pew found that 21% of US workers now use AI in their jobs, up from 16% in 2024, but far more workers report being worried than hopeful about where the trend leads. Only 23% of the general public said AI would have a positive impact on how people do their jobs over the next 20 years, compared with 73% of AI experts.
The report also captured the scale of non-adoption. Of the 51% of US adults who do not use AI chatbots, 60% attributed it to disinterest rather than lack of access or technical ability. Many respondents also acknowledged using products with AI features without identifying them as AI tools, including smartwatches at 37% and smart speakers such as Amazon Echo or Apple HomePod at 35%.
Fewer Americans use chatbots for the kinds of high-stakes applications that have attracted the most regulatory scrutiny. Only 13% reported using chatbots for news, 10% for emotional support, and 4% for companionship. The data privacy concern was more pervasive, with 71% of respondents agreeing that AI will make personal data less secure.
The new Pew data draws from multiple surveys conducted at different points between 2024 and February 2026. The chatbot usage figures reflect the February 2026 survey, while some attitudinal measures draw from earlier polling periods. The methodology uses Pew’s American Trends Panel, a nationally representative sample recruited through random sampling of residential addresses, with interviews conducted online or by phone.
What the data describes is a country that is adopting AI tools faster than it is developing confidence in the institutions meant to govern them. The gap between usage and trust is widening, not closing, and neither regulators nor the industry has offered a credible plan to address it.
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