Financial Planning & Analysis (FP&A) | How FP&A Works ? | CA, MBA Finance, IB, FM, B.Com

Lecture by Kuldeep Sharma Sir
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This comprehensive session explores the practical mechanics of Financial Planning and Analysis (FP&A) within a corporate environment, detailing its role in the organizational hierarchy and the strategic importance of the function. It breaks down the differences between centralized, embedded, and hybrid FP&A models and explains the vital flow of information—from bottom-up data collection to top-down target setting. The video covers the complete monthly cycle, including closing actuals, performing variance analysis, and updating rolling forecasts, alongside a step-by-step walkthrough of the annual budgeting process. Furthermore, it examines how FP&A teams collaborate cross-functionally with Sales, Operations, HR, and Marketing to drive ROI, while also providing a clear roadmap for career progression from an entry-level analyst to a VP.

Timestamps

0:00 – Introduction: How FP&A Works Inside a Company
02:08 – FP&A in Organizational Structure (CFO, Controller, Treasury)
05:43 – Centralized vs. Embedded vs. Hybrid FP&A Models
09:14 – Example: Sales, Operations, and Corporate FP&A Interactions
13:01 – Information Flow: Data (Bottom-Up) vs. Targets (Top-Down)
17:18 – The Monthly FP&A Cycle Explained (6 Steps)
18:14 – Step 1: Closing Actuals (ERP, CRM, and HR Systems)
22:20 – Step 2: Data Validation and Financial “Sanity Checks”
24:48 – Step 3: Variance Analysis (Actual vs. Budget/Forecast)
27:50 – Step 4: Updating Forecasts (Rolling Forecasts)
29:14 – Difference Between Budget (Target) and Forecast (Estimate)
32:06 – Step 5: Preparing the Management Pack (Executive Summary, KPIs)
35:31 – Step 6: Business Review Meetings (Defending the Numbers)
38:24 – The Annual FP&A Calendar and Strategic Planning
42:20 – The Budgeting Process Flow (Strategy to Final Approval)
47:33 – Cross-Functional Work: FP&A with Sales and Operations
52:18 – FP&A with HR: Headcount Planning and Attrition Impact
54:07 – FP&A with IT and Marketing: CapEx and ROI Analysis
57:06 – Career Ladder: Analyst, Manager, Director, to VP Levels
58:52 – Roles: FP&A Analyst (Technical) vs. Manager (Strategic)
01:03:45 – What Makes a “Good” FP&A Professional?
01:07:08 – Common Failure Points in FP&A (Manual Work, Data Quality)
01:11:00 – Conclusion: FP&A as the Operating System of Corporate Finance
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📕 FP&A | Financial Planning & Analysis | FP&A for CA, MBA Finance, IB, FM, BCom | Financial Planning | Financial Analysis | FP&A for Finance Aspirants

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