Crypto World
Circle Drop Overdone As Clarity Act Aims As Yield Distribution: Bernstein
Circle’s shares sell-off on Tuesday may have been overdone as investors failed to see that the stablecoin issuer’s core business model remains unaffected by the proposed CLARITY Act, analysts at Bernstein said on Wednesday.
In a note to clients, Bernstein analysts Gautam Chhugani, Mahika Sapra, Sanskar Chindalia and Harsh Misra said markets are conflating “who earns yield” with “who distributes yield.”
“Circle earns. Coinbase distributes,” the analysts wrote, noting that the draft legislation primarily targets the distribution of yield to users — not the underlying reserve income earned by issuers like Circle.
According to the latest draft, the CLARITY Act would prohibit platforms from offering yield on passive stablecoin balances or products deemed “economically equivalent” to interest. However, the proposal leaves room for activity-based rewards tied to user engagement, such as trading or payments.
“The stablecoin reward carve-outs could still allow distribution of rewards linked to user activity tiering,” the analysts said, adding that “the market knee-jerk reaction may not be calibrated.”
Circle’s business model relies on earning income from reserves backing USDC (USDC), which are primarily invested in short-term US Treasurys. Bernstein estimates this reserve income reached about $2.6 billion in 2025.
Circle shares fell roughly 20% on Tuesday following the legislative update, despite having gained more than 160% from their February lows. In mid-day trading on Wednesday, CRCL shares had clawed back some of the previous day’s decline, trading up more than 3.5% at last look.

Related: Crypto investor sentiment will rise once CLARITY Act is passed: Bessent
Bernstein reiterates bullish outlook on Circle as USDC adoption accelerates
This isn’t Bernstein’s first bullish call on Circle this month. Earlier in March, analysts reiterated their “Outperform” rating on the stock, setting a $190 price target, nearly double current levels.
The latest note reinforces that view, highlighting strong momentum in USD Coin (USDC). Its circulating supply has grown to $80 billion from roughly $30 billion over the past two years, driven by demand for trading, collateral, payments and global access to US dollars.
Bernstein also pointed to rising onchain transaction volumes as evidence of USDC’s expanding role across crypto markets and cross-border finance.
USDC is currently the second-largest US dollar-denominated stablecoin, behind Tether’s USDt (USDT).

Related: Deloitte, Stablecorp plan stablecoin infrastructure for Canadian institutions
Crypto World
Trump documents meltdown over Iran war on Truth Social
Truth Social owner, Trump Media and Technology Group, has diversified into cryptocurrency and is planning to launch both exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and prediction markets. Truth Social also one of the most important places to keep up to date with Donald Trump’s personal thoughts about the ongoing actions of his administration, including in Iran.
On February 28, US forces in coalition with Israel, began a war with Iran.
The Trump administration has been inconsistent in describing its motivations for this war, at points claiming it was because of Iran attempting to create a nuclear weapon.
However, undercutting that explanation is the fact that in June of last year, Trump stated unequivocally that the strikes that month were intended to result in the “destruction of Iran’s nuclear enrichment capacity and a stop to the nuclear threat,” and were “a spectacular military success.”
He also posted following that strike to say, “NOW IS THE TIME FOR PEACE!”
There’s currently a war. Not only that, it’s an arguably unconstitutional war that lacks any formal declaration, a power reserved for Congress.
Adding to the strangeness surrounding the conflict are a variety of troubling claims posted by Trump on Truth Social.
All transcriptions of Trump’s messages seen below are reproduced exactly as he wrote them and all emphasis is his.
February 28

The day the conflict started, Trump posted repeatedly on Truth Social.
In one message, he reposted an article from the website Just The News, which makes the extraordinary claim that “Iran tried to interfere in 2020, 2024 elections to stop Trump, and now faces renewed war with United States.”
To support this claim, Just The News references Trump’s campaign announcement claim that Iran had planned to assassinate him, as well as a Semafor report that Trump FBI appointee Kash Patel had been targeted by an Iranian cyberattack.
It’s not clear if Trump believes the war is in retaliation for this, or if it’s supposed to be about nuclear weapons, or because Iran was a state sponsor of terrorism, or because of some vague failure of the Democrats.

Another post from the same day, which announced the death of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, claimed that his death was some form of justice, despite the fact that Khamenei wasn’t tried in any court.
That same post made the claim that Iran “has been, in only one day, very much destroyed and, even, obliterated.”

Hours later, Trump posted the claim that should Iran respond, the United States “WILL HIT THEM WITH A FORCE THAT HAS NEVER BEEN SEEN BEFORE!”
It’s important to note that the US is the only nation on Earth to use nuclear weapons in combat, and Trump is promising to go even further.
March 1

The second day of the war brought just one post from the president, in which he made the claim that “we have destroyed and sunk 9 Iranian Naval Ships, some of them relatively large and important.
“We are going after the rest — They will soon be floating at the bottom of the sea, also! In a different attack, we largely destroyed their Naval Headquarters.”
He signed off with a sarcastic “Other than that, their Navy is doing very well!”
March 2

March 2, the third day of this undeclared war, saw Trump repeatedly take to his personal social media site.
In his first post, he complained about the Democrats, apparently convincing himself that “they are only complaining BECAUSE I DID IT and, if I didn’t do it, they would be screaming — Why didn’t “TRUMP” attack Iran, he should do it, IMMEDIATELY?”
The rest of his post is a complaint about members of the Democratic Party performing a milquetoast protest during his State of the Union, wherein they didn’t stand during the proceedings.

This post was followed by one that echoed Shakespearean concerns about a lady who “doth protest too much.”
Trump declared, “The United States Munitions Stockpiles have, at the medium and upper medium grade, never been higher or better — As was stated to me today, we have a virtually unlimited supply of these weapons.
“Wars can be fought ‘forever,’ and very successfully, using just these supplies (which are better than other countries finest arms!)”
The rest of the post sees Trump complaining about previous arms and munitions that had been provided to Ukraine as part of congressionally approved aid for Ukraine to withstand Russia’s illegal and unethical war of conquest.
March 3

On March 3, Trump declared that Iran’s “air defense, Air Force, Navy, and Leadership is gone. They want to talk. I said “Too Late!””
This was several days after he declared that Iran had been obliterated.

This post was followed by another in which Trump noted that “more than 9,000 Americans have safely returned home from the Middle East” and encouraged other people who might be endangered by the ongoing war to register with the State Department.
After this near acknowledgement that his war had endangered Americans, there were several days where Trump’s posts weren’t about the war he started.
March 6

On March 6, Trump announced to the “obliterated” Iran that “There will be no deal with Iran except UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER!”

This was followed by another acknowledgement that the US needed to evacuate Americans, noting, “We are moving thousands of people out of various Countries throughout the Middle East.”
Confusingly, considering this is a public post, he also claimed that it was “being done quietly.”
March 7

March 7 brought with it more confusing claims from Trump, including that “Iran, which is being beat to HELL, has apologized and surrendered to its Middle East neighbors, and promised that it will not shoot at them anymore.”
According to Trump, “This promise was only made because of the relentless U.S. and Israeli attack.”
This was followed by a threat that “Today Iran will be hit very hard!”
More troublingly, Trump indicated a willingness to target “areas and groups of people that were not considered for targeting up until this moment in time.”

Later, he noted, “The United Kingdom, our once Great Ally, maybe the Greatest of them all, is finally giving serious thought to sending two aircraft carriers to the Middle East.”
However, Trump then informed Prime Minister Keir Starmer that “we don’t need them any longer — But we will remember. We don’t need people that join Wars after we’ve already won!”
March 8

On March 8, Trump wanted to comfort Americans worried about the surge in oil prices and so claimed that these short term increases would “drop rapidly when the destruction of the Iran nuclear threat is over.”
This comes more than a week after Iran was supposedly “obliterated” and months after the “very successful” June strikes.
Trump added that “ONLY FOOLS” would believe that these oil prices wouldn’t drop rapidly.
March 9

The very next day, Trump threatened Iran, claiming “they will be hit by the United States of America TWENTY TIMES HARDER than they have been hit thus far” if they did “anything that stops the flow of Oil within the Strait of Hormuz.”
March 10

The next day, he threatened Iran again, saying that “If for any reason mines were placed, and they are not removed forthwith, the Military consequences to Iran will be at a level never seen before.
“If, on the other hand, they remove what may have been placed, it will be a giant step in the right direction! Additionally, we are using the same Technology and Missile capabilities deployed against Drug Traffickers to permanently eliminate any boat or ship attempting to mine the Hormuz Strait.”
He concluded, “They will be dealt with quickly and violently. BEWARE!”

This was followed by a claim that the US had “hit, and completely destroyed, 10 inactive mine laying boats and/or ships.”
It’s not clear what impact this might have had on active mine laying and/or ships.
March 12

March 12 was a busy day for the “leader of the free world.” Nevertheless, he continued to post updates on an undeclared war on a social media platform he continued to own while serving as president.
This included making the claim that the US benefits when oil prices go up, but he clarified that this wasn’t his motivation.
His motivation was, apparently, “stoping [sic] an evil Empire, Iran, from having Nuclear Weapons, and destroying the Middle East and, indeed, the World.”

This was followed by a thinly-veiled threat to the Iranian National Soccer Team.
Trump warned that they’re welcome at the World Cup but noted that he doesn’t “believe it is appropriate that they be there, for their own life and safety.”

Shortly after, Trump announced that “All Players, Officials, and Fans will be treated like the ‘STARS’ that they are!”

Following that, Trump gave in to nostalgia and posted an old picture of him in his military school uniform.
It’s important to include the context that when Trump was drafted in Vietnam, he was exempted because of a case of bone spurs.
Additionally, he reportedly described Americans who died in conflict as “losers” and “suckers.”

Following this post from his schoolboy days, Trump returned to the topic of the nation he had apparently obliterated nearly two weeks ago.
He was now claiming that “We are totally destroying the terrorist regime of Iran, militarily, economically, and otherwise, yet, if you read the Failing New York Times, you would incorrectly think that we are not winning.
“Iran’s Navy is gone, their Air Force is no longer, missiles, drones and everything else are being decimated, and their leaders have been wiped from the face of the earth. We have unparalleled firepower, unlimited ammunition, and plenty of time — Watch what happens to these deranged scumbags today.
“They’ve been killing innocent people all over the world for 47 years, and now I, as the 47th President of the United States of America, am killing them. What a great honor it is to do so!”
March 13

The two week anniversary of the obliteration of Iran, March 13, saw Trump announce that “the United States Central Command executed one of the most powerful bombing raids in the History of the Middle East, and totally obliterated every MILITARY target in Iran’s crown jewel, Kharg Island.”
In this same post, Trump expressed his belief that “Iran’s Military, and all others involved with this Terrorist Regime, would be wise to lay down their arms, and save what’s left of their country, which isn’t much!”

This was followed by a subsequent post in which Trump claimed, “Iran had plans of taking over the entire Middle East, and completely obliterating Israel. JUST LIKE IRAN ITSELF, THOSE PLANS ARE NOW DEAD!”
He then posted a video that had the text “UNCLASSIFIED” superimposed on top and appeared to depict the US military killing people.

Subsequently, Trump posted his claim that Iran “is totally defeated and wants a deal — But not a deal that I would accept!”
March 14

The next day, Trump continued to whinge about the media, claiming that there was “an intentionally misleading headline” about “the five tanker planes that were supposedly struck down at an Airport in Saudi Arabia, and of no further use.”
He claimed, “In actuality, the Base was hit a few days ago, but the planes were not ‘struck’ or ‘destroyed.’ Four of the five had virtually no damage, and are already back in service. One had slightly more damage, but will be in the air shortly.”

This was followed by a post in which Trump claimed that “Many Countries, especially those who are affected by Iran’s attempted closure of the Hormuz Strait, will be sending War Ships, in conjunction with the United States of America, to keep the Strait open and safe.”
This came several days after he informed Prime Minister Starmer that the UK would not need to send war ships because we had already won the war.

This was followed by another post in which he explained that “The United States of America has beaten and completely decimated Iran, both Militarily, Economically, and in every other way, but the Countries of the World that receive Oil through the Hormuz Strait must take care of that passage, and we will help — A LOT!
“The U.S. will also coordinate with those Countries so that everything goes quickly, smoothly, and well.”
March 15

The next day, the whinge-fest about the media continued with Trump claiming that “Iran has long been known as a Master of Media Manipulation and Public Relations. They are Militarily ineffective and weak, but are really good at ‘feeding’ the very appreciative Fake News Media false information.”
This was followed by the claim that Iran is using artificial intelligence to fool the media and that this might mean “that those Media Outlets that generated it should be brought up on Charges for TREASON for the dissemination of false information!”
Trump followed this by claiming that he’d sic Brendan Carr, the chairman of the Federal Communications Commission, on these organizations, threatening their broadcast licenses.
This would be an unconstitutional violation of the first amendment, but seemingly so is his war.
March 17

On March 17, Trump returned to the contentious issue of the allies of the US.
Trump claimed that “The United States has been informed by most of our NATO ‘Allies’ that they don’t want to get involved with our Military Operation against the Terrorist Regime of Iran, in the Middle East.”
This is a strange thing for him to post after claiming that the US didn’t need allies to get involved because the war was won.
Anyways, Trump used this to begin an assault on NATO in which he claimed that the other members “will do nothing for us, in particular, in a time of need.”
The post ended by once again channeling the Shakespearean lady who doth protest, “speaking as President of the United States of America, by far the Most Powerful Country Anywhere in the World, WE DO NOT NEED THE HELP OF ANYONE!”
March 18

The next day, Trump decided to remind his 12 million followers that “for all of those absolute ‘fools’ out there, Iran is considered, by everyone, to be the NUMBER ONE STATE SPONSOR OF TERROR. We are rapidly putting them out of business!”
This came nearly three weeks after he claimed the nation was obliterated.

Subsequently, Trump returned to his unproductive relationship with his allies, speculating about “what would happen if we ‘finished off’ what’s left of the Iranian Terror State, and let the Countries that use it, we don’t, be responsible for the so called ‘Strait?’ That would get some of our non-responsive ‘Allies’ in gear, and fast!!!”
This again comes after he stated that we didn’t need the assistance of any allies.

Trump returned to this topic again to share a New York Post opinion piece that claimed that “US allies need to get a grip — step up and help open the Strait of Hormuz.”

Trump then described how US ally and coalition partner, “Israel, out of anger for what has taken place in the Middle East, has violently lashed out at a major facility known as South Pars Gas Field in Iran.
“A relatively small section of the whole has been hit. The United States knew nothing about this particular attack, and the country of Qatar was in no way, shape, or form, involved with it, nor did it have any idea that it was going to happen.”
Apparently, even when our allies do agree to help with the military operations, the US is still left in the dark.
Trump added that “NO MORE ATTACKS WILL BE MADE BY ISRAEL pertaining to this extremely important and valuable South Pars Field unless Iran unwisely decides to attack a very innocent, in this case, Qatar – In which instance the United States of America, with or without the help or consent of Israel, will massively blow up the entirety of the South Pars Gas Field at an amount of strength and power that Iran has never seen or witnessed before.”
He then threatened, “I do not want to authorize this level of violence and destruction because of the long term implications that it will have on the future of Iran, but if Qatar’s LNG is again attacked, I will not hesitate to do so.”
March 20

On March 20, Trump once again returned to his problematic relationship with allies, claiming that “Without the U.S.A., NATO IS A PAPER TIGER!”
He added that these allies “complain about the high oil prices they are forced to pay, but don’t want to help open the Strait of Hormuz, a simple military maneuver that is the single reason for the high oil prices.
“So easy for them to do, with so little risk. COWARDS, and we will REMEMBER!”

After this, he claimed that “We are getting very close to meeting our objectives as we consider winding down our great Military efforts in the Middle East with respect to the Terrorist Regime of Iran.”
This post also included another claim about the cooperation of US allies, this time that “The Hormuz Strait will have to be guarded and policed, as necessary, by other Nations who use it — The United States does not!
“If asked, we will help these Countries in their Hormuz efforts, but it shouldn’t be necessary once Iran’s threat is eradicated. Importantly, it will be an easy Military Operation for them.”
This was a drastic change of direction from when Trump told Prime Minister Starmer that the US did not need and did not want UK warships to help secure the Strait.
March 21

On March 21, Trump once again reiterated his belief that victory was effectively achieved.
He claimed that the United States was “weeks ahead of schedule” and that Iran’s “leadership is gone, their navy and air force are dead, they have absolutely no defense, and they want to make a deal.”

Despite the fact that Iran’s navy and air force were purportedly dead, Trump had to return to his social media platform a short while later to state that “If Iran doesn’t FULLY OPEN, WITHOUT THREAT, the Strait of Hormuz, within 48 HOURS from this exact point in time, the United States of America will hit and obliterate their various POWER PLANTS, STARTING WITH THE BIGGEST ONE FIRST!”
March 22

The next day, Trump added his thoughts about the progress of the war, claiming it was evidence of “PEACE THROUGH STRENGTH, TO PUT IT MILDLY!!!”
March 23

On March 23, Trump again suggested that the war is need an end, posting that “I AM PLEASED TO REPORT THAT THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, AND THE COUNTRY OF IRAN, HAVE HAD, OVER THE LAST TWO DAYS, VERY GOOD AND PRODUCTIVE CONVERSATIONS REGARDING A COMPLETE AND TOTAL RESOLUTION OF OUR HOSTILITIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST.
“BASED ON THE TENOR AND TONE OF THESE IN DEPTH, DETAILED, AND CONSTRUCTIVE CONVERSATIONS, WHICH WILL CONTINUE THROUGHOUT THE WEEK, I HAVE INSTRUCTED THE DEPARTMENT OF WAR TO POSTPONE ANY AND ALL MILITARY STRIKES AGAINST IRANIAN POWER PLANTS AND ENERGY INFRASTRUCTURE FOR A FIVE DAY PERIOD, SUBJECT TO THE SUCCESS OF THE ONGOING MEETINGS AND DISCUSSIONS.”
It’s important to remember that on March 6, Trump claimed that “There will be no deal with Iran except UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER!”
Also, despite the claim that there would be no further military strikes, strikes have continued.
The next day, March 24, Trump announced that Iran was “gonna make a deal” and claimed that the country “gave us a present…a very big present worth a tremendous amount of money.”
On March 6, Trump had posted that the only deal possible was “UNCONDITIONAL SURRENDER!”
Iran has denied that it intends to make a deal.
Oil and bitcoin prices
This war has led the price of both bitcoin (BTC) and oil to increase, with oil appreciating much more substantially than BTC.
West Texas Intermediate, one of the benchmark oil markets, was trading for approximately $72 per barrel on March 2, and now trades for approximately $88 a barrel, an increase of approximately 21.5%.
BTC, meanwhile, was trading for slightly less than $66,000 on February 28 and now trades for approximately $71,000, an increase of approximately 9%.
Despite the fact that it’s been more than three weeks since Trump claimed that Iran was “obliterated,” the price of oil has stayed substantially higher, despite Trump’s insistence that oil prices “will drop rapidly” once the nuclear threat is dealt with.
Broadly, the president has been wildly inconsistent in his pronouncements about his war, vacillating between proclamations that the war is done, that the enemy will be struck incredibly hard (despite the war being done), that a deal will never be accepted, that a deal is almost ready, that no allies are necessary, and that allies will be responsible for ensuring the Strait of Hormuz remains open.
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Crypto World
MrBeast faces Senate scrutiny over teen crypto app acquisition
United States Senator Elizabeth Warren is asking Jimmy Donaldson, aka “MrBeast,” and Beast Industries CEO Jeff Housenbold to explain why they acquired a teen app that coached minors to pressure their parents into buying crypto.
The 12-page letter demands answers about why Donaldson bought the app, called Step, that published word-for-word scripts coaching teens.
“Crypto and stock investing is not taught in my school, but by using Step, it’ll teach me life skills like how to balance risk and rewards,” the script told children to recite to their guardians.
“Mom, you’ve had Apple stock forever, bitcoin has just as much potential,” it continued.
After MrBeast’s acquisition in February, the owner of Step’s YouTube account set most of its videos to private to prevent them from being publicly viewable.
Step claims to serve about 7 million customers and focuses on minors.
In 2022, the company launched crypto trading for teens through Zero Hash LLC. Step claimed to be “the first platform to allow teens, with the consent of a parent or legal guardian, to responsibly participate first-hand in the rapidly evolving investing landscape, starting with buying and selling bitcoin.”
By April 2022, Step boasted that teens under 18 years old would be able to “access 50+ tokens” and would “be able to buy NFTs.”
It didn’t mince words about whether these purchases would be incidental, de minimis values for educational purposes.
To the contrary, it called the offering an “investing platform” to “ensure the next generation is prepared for their financial futures.”
Read more: Esports influencer fired for pumping and dumping ‘Save The Kids’ crypto
Script for kids still live on YouTube in late 2024
While the company claimed minors could invest only with parental consent, Step built the consent bypass toolkit itself with its scripted coaching tutorials.
A review of YouTube URLs confirms that they now return private notices. Several of the original links still display metadata in Google caches.
Although Step promoted crypto heavily before MrBeast acquired it, it discontinued several of its offerings over the years.
However, the script teens were supposed to use to convince their parents to invest in crypto was still live on YouTube as recently as December 28, 2024.
That’s years after the initial crypto investing initiative by Step and more than half a year after Step’s May 1, 2024 claim that it had shut down all crypto investing accounts.
The company appears to have fully ended its crypto investing post-acquisition.
Bitmine’s ETH company helped MrBeast buy Step
Beast Industries acquired Step after a $200 million investment from Bitmine Immersion Technologies, Tom Lee’s ether (ETH) treasury company.
Bitmine, embarrassingly, has lost more money investing in ETH than even FTX’s customer deposits.
MrBeast’s YouTube channel has more than 470 million subscribers. About 39% of his viewers are between ages 13 and 17, with the vast majority of his viewers younger than 25.
In late 2025, Beast Holdings LLC filed a trademark for MrBeast Financial. It mentioned crypto exchange services and decentralized exchange transactions.
MrBeast has an April 3 deadline to respond to the senator’s questions.
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Crypto World
What infrastructure do companies use to add stablecoin payments?
Disclosure: This article does not represent investment advice. The content and materials featured on this page are for educational purposes only.
Stablecoins gain ground as global payment tools bridging blockchain and traditional finance.
Summary
- Stablecoins power faster payments, but infrastructure providers bridge fiat, compliance, and blockchain access for users.
- Fintech apps rely on stablecoin APIs to enable fast, compliant payments without building complex global infrastructure.
- Stablecoin adoption grows as providers handle fiat conversion, KYC, and payments behind the scenes for apps.
Stablecoins are quickly becoming part of the global payments stack.
Fintech apps use them to settle transactions faster. Remittance platforms use them to move money across borders. Payroll companies use them to pay global contractors.
But while stablecoins settle on blockchain networks, users still interact with traditional financial systems.
Someone still needs to convert fiat into stablecoins. Someone needs to handle compliance and identity verification. Someone needs to connect cards, bank transfers, and local payment methods to blockchain networks.
This is where stablecoin payment infrastructure comes in.
Companies like Transak provide the regulated infrastructure that connects traditional payment methods with stablecoin networks, allowing fintech apps, wallets, and marketplaces to integrate stablecoin payments without building the underlying financial rails themselves.
What is stablecoin payment infrastructure?
Stablecoin payment infrastructure refers to the systems that allow applications to convert traditional currencies such as USD, EUR, or GBP into stablecoins and move those funds across blockchain networks.
These systems typically provide several core capabilities.
- Fiat to stablecoin conversion
- Payment method connectivity, such as cards and bank transfers
- Identity verification and compliance infrastructure
- Fraud monitoring and transaction screening
- Global regulatory coverage
- Stablecoin liquidity and settlement
Without this infrastructure, stablecoins would be difficult for most businesses or consumers to access.
Providers such as Transak operate this infrastructure layer, enabling fintech companies to integrate stablecoin payments through a single API while relying on existing regulatory and payment systems.
What infrastructure do companies use to add stablecoin payments?
When a fintech app enables stablecoin payments, several components work together behind the scenes.
Most stablecoin payment flows rely on three main layers.
- Blockchain networks like Ethereum, Polygon, or Solana serve as the settlement layer for recording transactions.
- Stablecoin issuers like Circle provide fiat-backed digital tokens that maintain a stable value pegged to traditional currencies.
- Infrastructure providers like Transak bridge the gap by connecting traditional banking and compliance systems with blockchain networks.
Platforms such as Transak enable users to convert fiat currencies into stablecoins using payment methods like cards, bank transfers, or local payment systems. They also enable the reverse process, allowing users to convert stablecoins back into fiat and withdraw funds to bank accounts.
By integrating providers like Transak, fintech companies can enable stablecoin payments without building their own compliance systems, banking relationships, or payment acquiring infrastructure.
How fiat to stablecoin conversion works
For most users, stablecoin payments begin with converting traditional money into digital tokens.
This process is often referred to as a stablecoin on-ramp.
A typical fiat-to-stablecoin conversion flow looks like this.
- A user selects a payment method such as a card or bank transfer.
- The payment infrastructure processes the transaction and verifies the user’s identity.
- Fiat currency is converted into stablecoins through liquidity providers.
- The stablecoins are delivered to the user’s wallet or application.
On-ramp providers like Transak handle the complex parts of this process, including compliance checks, payment processing, fraud monitoring, and regulatory requirements.
This allows applications to provide stablecoin access without operating their own financial infrastructure.
What is a stablecoin on-ramp?
A stablecoin on-ramp allows users to convert traditional currencies into stablecoins using familiar payment methods.
For example, a user might purchase stablecoins using a credit card, a bank transfer, or a regional payment system such as SEPA or PIX.
On-ramp providers like Transak connect these payment systems with blockchain networks, allowing users to access stablecoins directly from within wallets or fintech apps.
This infrastructure is essential for making stablecoins accessible to mainstream users.
Examples of stablecoin payment infrastructure providers
Several companies provide infrastructure that enables applications to integrate stablecoin payments.
These providers focus on connecting traditional financial systems with blockchain networks while handling compliance and regulatory requirements.
Examples of stablecoin payment infrastructure providers include:
- Transak
- MoonPay/Iron
- Coinbase infrastructure tools
- Stripe’s crypto-related services
Among these providers, Transak focuses specifically on enabling global fiat to stablecoin connectivity for fintech platforms, wallets, remittance services, and digital marketplaces.
Through its infrastructure, companies can allow users to fund transactions using local payment methods and move value through stablecoin networks.
How fintech apps integrate stablecoin payments
Most fintech applications integrate stablecoin infrastructure through APIs provided by payment infrastructure platforms.
For example, when a user opens a wallet or financial application and chooses to buy stablecoins, the application typically connects to a provider such as Transak behind the scenes.
The provider manages payment processing, identity verification, regulatory compliance, and conversion between fiat currencies and stablecoins.
This approach allows fintech companies to add stablecoin functionality without needing to build global payment infrastructure themselves.
As a result, stablecoin payments can be integrated relatively quickly while remaining compliant with financial regulations.
Why infrastructure matters for stablecoin payments
While blockchain networks provide the settlement layer, most users still interact with traditional financial systems when entering or exiting stablecoin networks.
Without infrastructure connecting these systems, stablecoins would remain difficult to use in everyday financial products.
Payment infrastructure providers such as Transak bridge this gap.
They connect cards, bank transfers, and regional payment systems with blockchain networks while managing compliance, fraud monitoring, and regulatory licensing.
This infrastructure allows fintech companies to focus on building products while relying on established payment rails.
The role of infrastructure in the future of stablecoin payments
Stablecoins are increasingly becoming part of the backend infrastructure powering modern financial applications.
- Remittance platforms use them to move money globally.
- Payroll companies use them to pay international teams.
- Fintech apps use them to settle transactions more efficiently.
But for these systems to work at scale, reliable infrastructure is required to connect traditional financial systems with blockchain networks.
Companies like Transak provide this infrastructure layer, enabling applications around the world to integrate stablecoin payments while relying on compliant, regulated financial rails.
As stablecoin adoption continues to grow, the role of infrastructure providers such as Transak will become increasingly important in connecting traditional money with digital settlement networks.
FAQs about stablecoin payment infrastructure
What companies provide stablecoin payment infrastructure?
Examples of stablecoin payment infrastructure providers include Transak, MoonPay, Coinbase infrastructure tools, and Stripe’s crypto-related services.
Among these providers, Transak focuses on enabling fintech platforms, wallets, remittance services, and digital marketplaces to connect traditional payment methods with stablecoin networks through a single API.
How do fintech apps integrate stablecoin payments?
Most fintech applications integrate stablecoin payments by connecting to payment infrastructure providers through APIs.
Providers such as Transak handle the complex parts of the process, including payment processing, identity verification, regulatory compliance, and conversion between fiat currencies and stablecoins.
What is a fiat-to-stablecoin on-ramp?
A fiat-to-stablecoin on-ramp allows users to convert traditional currencies into stablecoins using payment methods like cards, bank transfers, or local payment systems.
On-ramp infrastructure providers such as Transak connect traditional financial systems with blockchain networks, allowing users to access stablecoins directly within wallets, fintech apps, or marketplaces.
This infrastructure is essential for making stablecoins accessible to mainstream users.
Why do companies use infrastructure providers instead of building stablecoin systems themselves?
Building stablecoin payment infrastructure internally can be complex, cost millions, and time-consuming (over 18 months in some cases).
Companies must obtain regulatory licenses, establish banking relationships, implement compliance and identity verification systems, and support multiple payment methods across different regions.
Infrastructure providers like Transak simplify this process by offering regulated payment rails that fintech companies can integrate through APIs.
This allows product teams to launch stablecoin features without managing global financial infrastructure themselves.
How are stablecoins used in cross-border payments?
Stablecoins allow value to move across blockchain networks quickly and globally. This makes them useful for cross-border payments such as remittances, global payroll, and international marketplace payouts.
However, users still need reliable ways to convert between fiat currencies and stablecoins. Infrastructure platforms such as Transak enable these conversions by connecting traditional payment methods with stablecoin networks.
Can stablecoins be used for payroll or contractor payments?
Yes. Many payroll platforms and global businesses are exploring stablecoins as a way to pay international contractors more efficiently.
In this model, companies convert fiat into stablecoins, transfer the funds globally, and allow recipients to convert them back into local currency.
What role does Transak play in the stablecoin ecosystem?
Transak provides a regulated payment infrastructure that connects traditional financial systems with stablecoin networks.
Through its APIs, wallets, fintech companies, remittance platforms, payroll providers, and marketplaces can enable users to convert fiat currencies into stablecoins and withdraw stablecoins back into traditional currencies.
Transak handles compliance, identity verification, payment processing, fraud monitoring, and global payment coverage, allowing applications to integrate stablecoin functionality without building their own financial infrastructure.
Is stablecoin infrastructure different from crypto on-ramps?
Crypto on-ramps were originally designed to help users purchase cryptocurrencies using traditional payment methods.
As stablecoins have become more widely used for financial applications, on-ramp infrastructure has expanded to support payment flows such as remittances, payroll, and treasury operations.
Platforms like Transak operate both as crypto on-ramp providers and as broader stablecoin payment infrastructure, enabling fintech companies to integrate digital asset payments within their applications.
Disclosure: This content is provided by a third party. Neither crypto.news nor the author of this article endorses any product mentioned on this page. Users should conduct their own research before taking any action related to the company.
Crypto World
Circle Froze 16 ‘Unrelated’ Stablecoin Wallets, Says ZachXBT
Stablecoin issuer Circle, the company behind the USDC (USDC) dollar-pegged token, wrongfully froze 16 wallets in connection with an ongoing civil legal case in the United States, according to onchain investigator and security researcher ZachXBT.
The wallets in question belonged to crypto exchanges, online casinos and foreign currency exchange businesses, which “do not appear related at all,” ZachXBT said.
“An analyst with basic tools could have identified, within minutes, that these were operational business wallets from the thousands of transactions they process,” he said

In a separate social media post, the onchain investigator wrote that the case is “sealed,” and Circle had “zero basis” to freeze the fiat-pegged tokens. He added:
“In my 5-plus years of investigations, it could potentially be the single most incompetent freeze I have seen. This is what happens when you outsource your freezing decisions to literally any random federal judge instead of having a process.”
Cointelegraph sought comment from Circle about the claims but did not obtain a response by the time of publication.

Centralized stablecoins can be frozen by the issuer, which goes against the core value proposition of cryptocurrencies as permissionless, censorship-resistant assets, critics of the technology say.
Related: ZachXBT says fake X accounts used viral war content to drive crypto scams
Crypto executives warn that regulated stablecoins are gateway to CBDCs
“This is your 10th reminder that centrally issued stablecoins are not actually yours; they can be frozen, unlike cash,” Mert Mumtaz, founder of remote procedure call (RPC) node provider Helius, said in response to the USDC wallet freezes.
Jean Rausis, co-founder of the Smardex decentralized trading platform, said that provisions in the GENIUS stablecoin regulatory framework laid the groundwork for a privately managed central bank digital currency (CBDC) to emerge.
Centralized stablecoins effectively give the issuer the same financial surveillance and asset freezing capabilities that a standard CBDC would provide, he said.
Former US lawmaker Marjorie Taylor Greene echoed Rausis’s warning in May 2025, arguing that regulated stablecoins under the GENIUS bill are a “CBDC Trojan Horse.”
Magazine: Coinbase hack shows the law probably won’t protect you: Here’s why
Crypto World
Bitpanda, Vision Web3 Foundation, and Optimism Launch Vision Chain for European Institutional Finance
TLDR:
- Vision Chain is built on the OP Stack and designed to meet Europe’s MiCAR and MiFID II regulatory standards.
- Bitpanda removes the complexity of private blockchain systems, helping institutions move from pilots to production.
- The Vision Token (VSN) ties network revenue to token buybacks, linking ecosystem activity to long-term stability.
- Bitpanda’s seven million users gain access to tokenized assets previously reserved for professional market participants.
Vision Chain has entered the market as a blockchain layer built for European financial institutions. Bitpanda, the Vision Web3 Foundation, and Optimism developed the network on the OP Stack.
It connects traditional finance to the global onchain economy. The chain operates within the EU’s MiCAR and MiFID II frameworks and aligns with DORA resilience principles.
This launch targets a critical gap that has left European institutions relying on closed, proprietary networks with limited liquidity.
Replacing Closed Networks With Open, Compliant Infrastructure
European financial institutions have long relied on closed, proprietary blockchain networks. These systems lack the liquidity and interoperability required for broader market participation.
Vision Chain offers a standardized, managed infrastructure as a replacement. Partners can move from isolated pilots to live production-grade deployments.
Vision announced the launch, noting Vision Chain merges Ethereum-level openness with a framework suited to Europe’s regulatory environment. The chain gives institutions a public blockchain they can practically use.
This design reflects growing institutional demand for compliant, interoperable access. The network is built to serve both regulated institutions and the broader DeFi sector.
Bitpanda removes the operational complexity of building private blockchain systems for partners. This lowers costs and shortens the path from pilot to production.
The network uses MiCA-compliant Euro stablecoins to settle all network and transaction fees. This removes the currency volatility that often comes with fees on public blockchains.
Bitpanda CEO Lukas Enzersdorfer-Konrad described the shift as a foundational moment for European capital markets. “Today, we still talk about digital assets, but in the future all assets will likely be digital,” he said.
He added that European financial institutions have been ready for this shift for years, but the infrastructure has been missing. Vision Chain, he noted, combines the openness of public networks with the reliability institutions require.
Vision Token Anchors the Network’s Economic Model
The Vision Token (VSN) forms the commercial backbone of Vision Chain’s ecosystem. Issued by the Vision Web3 Foundation, VSN is a crypto-asset tied to network activity.
A portion of revenue generated by the network goes toward buying and removing tokens from circulation. This creates a direct link between network usage and ecosystem stability.
The network also expands access for Bitpanda’s over seven million users. They gain entry to tokenized investment products once reserved for professional market participants.
Banks and fintechs can issue high-quality assets directly on the chain. DeFi developers can build compliant products using those institutional-grade assets.
Fabian Reinisch, President of the Vision Web3 Foundation Board, said the chain marks a key milestone for the foundation. “By aligning public blockchain technology with institutional requirements and long-term ecosystem incentives, we are laying the groundwork for a new generation of European financial applications,” he stated.
Vision Chain was built to align public blockchain technology with institutional needs. The aim is transparent, interoperable networks for European finance.
Optimism’s role centers on its OP Enterprise model, which handles chain operations and upgrades. CEO Jing Wang said the model lets partners focus on product development rather than infrastructure management.
“Vision Chain reflects the growing demand for blockchain infrastructure that meets institutional standards without sacrificing the openness of Ethereum,” Wang said. Together, the three organizations aim to strengthen Europe’s role in the global onchain economy.
Crypto World
Ether Supply Tightens as Staked ETH Reaches New 38M High
Ether’s (ETH) liquid supply on the Ethereum network continues to tighten, with exchange netflows, rising staking participation, and declining exchange reserves all pointing to a shrinking pool of readily available tokens.
Analysts suggest this supply contraction may mark the early stages of a “new phase,” potentially establishing a stronger structural price floor for ETH in the market cycles ahead.
ETH staking locks in 33.1% of the circulating supply
Ethereum’s staking share continues to rise, with about 38.1 million ETH locked on Wednesday, equal to roughly 33.1% of the total supply. Staking infrastructure provider Everstake noted that this is the highest level recorded, marking a steady shift toward illiquid capital rather than tradable inventory. The staking platform said,
“This steady reduction in liquid supply, combined with ongoing demand, creates the conditions for a structurally stronger price environment.”

Crypto analyst Gaah added that this scale of locked ETH creates a visible contraction in the liquid supply.
The ETH validator activity reinforces this trend. The entry queue holds 2,876,752 ETH with an estimated wait time of nearly 50 days, signaling sustained demand to stake.

In contrast, the exit queue contains only 40,504 ETH, with a wait time under 17 hours. The churn rate, capped at 256 validators per epoch, limits how quickly supply can re-enter circulation. This indicates that even if sentiment shifts, unlocking the supply takes time.
Such conditions slow the pace at which ETH can return to exchanges, leaving a significant portion of the supply inactive for trading.
Related: Ethereum price rally pauses at $2.2K: What will trigger breakout?
ETH exchange balances hit multi-year lows
ETH exchange flows have shown consistent outflows across major venues over the past few weeks. Crypto analyst Amr Taha highlighted a $1.67 billion ETH withdrawal from OKX on March 22. Likewise, Binance recorded two separate outflows above $300 million in early February.

The large negative netflows signal that ETH is moving away from exchanges rather than being positioned for sale.
Multiple exchanges reporting sizable withdrawals above, point to a broader contraction in exchange-held supply. The lower balances reduce immediate selling pressure from traders and tighten the available liquidity for spot markets.

CryptoQuant data shows the ETH supply on exchanges has fallen to its lowest level since 2016, with Binance-specific balances currently sitting near its December 2020 lows of roughly 3.3 million ETH.
With fewer coins available for trading, the price sensitivity to demand increases, which may allow ETH to move strongly above its current range near $2,000 to $2,200, once momentum returns.
Related: Ethereum devs up security efforts with new ‘Post-Quantum’ team
This article does not contain investment advice or recommendations. Every investment and trading move involves risk, and readers should conduct their own research when making a decision. While we strive to provide accurate and timely information, Cointelegraph does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or reliability of any information in this article. This article may contain forward-looking statements that are subject to risks and uncertainties. Cointelegraph will not be liable for any loss or damage arising from your reliance on this information.
Crypto World
Bitwise says Circle stock selloff is overdone, eyes $75B valuation by 2030
Bitwise CIO Matt Hougan says Circle’s 22% post-CLARITY Act selloff is “excessive,” arguing USDC’s payments moat and a $1.9t stablecoin market by 2030 justify a $75b valuation target.
Summary
- Bitwise CIO Matt Hougan called Circle’s post-regulatory selloff “excessive,” projecting the stablecoin issuer could be worth $75 billion by 2030.
- Hougan cited Citigroup’s revised forecast that the global stablecoin market could reach $1.9 trillion by 2030, arguing the fundamental growth thesis remains intact.
- William Blair analysts added that Circle’s cross-border B2B payments utility is undiminished, even as regulatory uncertainty persists around profit-sharing rules.
Bitwise Asset Management pushed back Wednesday against the market’s reaction to Circle’s recent stock plunge, with CIO Matt Hougan arguing that the stablecoin issuer’s valuation could reach $75 billion by 2030 — well above current levels — and that investors are overreacting to legislative noise. According to The Block, Hougan made the remarks in response to Circle’s (CRCL) share price cratering roughly 22% on Monday after a tougher draft of the CLARITY Act raised the prospect of banning stablecoin yield.
Hougan said the pending legislation has not altered the underlying growth logic of the stablecoin market. He pointed to Citigroup’s updated forecast, which revised its 2030 base case for total stablecoin issuance to $1.9 trillion — up from a prior estimate of $1.6 trillion — and set a bull case of $4.0 trillion, citing accelerating adoption by payment networks, corporations, and financial institutions. Hougan stressed that interest income is not the core driver of stablecoin growth, directly countering the market’s primary fear.
Equity analysts at William Blair echoed the bullish sentiment. In a recent note covered by crypto.news, Blair argued that USDC’s role as a payments “base layer” is being repriced by the market, with Circle’s compliance infrastructure, banking relationships, and cross-chain integrations forming a durable competitive moat — particularly in cross-border B2B payments.
The selloff that prompted Bitwise’s intervention came after the CLARITY Act’s latest draft threatened to restrict stablecoin issuers from distributing yield to holders. The concern is that such a restriction would neutralize one of the key competitive levers that Circle’s rivals use to attract liquidity, though some analysts — including Hougan — argue this could actually advantage Circle by leveling the playing field.
Circle separately froze the USDC balances of 16 business hot wallets late Monday, disrupting operations at several exchanges and platforms, further rattling investor confidence. The move revived longstanding centralization debates around USDC’s architecture, adding to the week’s negative sentiment around the stock.
USDC currently has over $75 billion in circulation, and Circle has processed over $6 trillion in adjusted transaction volume to date. The company reported $1.68 billion in revenue for 2024, the vast majority of it generated through interest on USDC reserves invested in short-term government bonds. Citigroup’s revised $1.9 trillion base-case projection assumes stablecoin issuance will grow at roughly 20% annually through the end of the decade, driven by crypto-native ecosystems, e-commerce adoption, and the substitution of overseas dollar holdings.
William Blair, which maintains an outperform rating on Circle, noted USDC’s 30-day adjusted transaction volume recently hit nearly $6 trillion — dwarfing Tether’s $1.1 trillion over the same period — as evidence that Circle’s network effects are compounding regardless of short-term regulatory turbulence.
Bitwise’s $75 billion target implies significant upside from Circle’s pre-crash valuation and signals that institutional asset managers view the current dip as a buying opportunity rather than a structural break. The firm’s argument, in essence, is that stablecoins will grow with or without yield — and that Circle is best positioned to capture that growth.
Crypto World
CFTC’s first self-custody no-action letter signals new era for XRP derivatives
The CFTC’s first no-action letter for a self-custodial wallet and a joint SEC-CFTC move classifying XRP as a digital commodity give non-custodial XRP infrastructure a clearer path into regulated derivatives.
Summary
- The CFTC issued its first-ever no-action letter for a self-custodial crypto wallet provider on March 17, granting Phantom Technologies regulatory relief without requiring broker registration.
- XRP treasury firm Evernorth flagged the move as a pivotal moment for XRP, noting the ruling’s core principle — that non-custodial platforms are not financial intermediaries — aligns directly with XRP’s design architecture.
- XRP was simultaneously classified as a “digital commodity” in a joint SEC-CFTC framework released on March 17, pushing the token above $1.50 before it pulled back to $1.41.
A regulatory development that passed largely unnoticed last week is drawing fresh attention from the XRP (XRP) community. On March 24, XRP-focused treasury firm Evernorth flagged that the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission had quietly issued its first-ever no-action letter for a self-custodial crypto wallet software provider — a move Evernorth described as being “hidden by the SEC commodity classification” announced the same day.
The CFTC published Letter No. 26-09 on March 17, granting no-action relief to Phantom Technologies Inc., the developer behind the Phantom wallet — one of Solana’s most widely used self-custodial wallets. The letter stated that Phantom could facilitate derivatives trading access for its users without registering as an introducing broker or associated person, provided it never takes custody of user funds.
Evernorth summarized the significance of the ruling in a post on X: “The core principle: if you don’t hold customer funds, you’re not a financial intermediary.” The firm argued this framework has direct implications for XRP’s infrastructure, given Ripple’s long-standing design philosophy around non-custodial settlement.
Chart analyst @ChartNerdTA amplified Evernorth’s post with the headline “XRP Was DESIGNED For This,” pointing to the convergence of the CFTC no-action letter and XRP’s simultaneous commodity classification as compounding regulatory tailwinds for the token.
XRP Commodity Designation Provides Institutional Framework
On the same date as the Phantom letter, the SEC and CFTC issued a joint interpretive release classifying XRP as a “digital commodity,” formally placing the Ripple-associated token outside the scope of U.S. securities law. Ripple’s Chief Legal Officer Stuart Alderoty responded swiftly on X, stating: “We always knew XRP wasn’t a security — and now the @SECGov has made clear what it is: a digital commodity.”
XRP’s trading volume surged 125% to $3.22 billion on March 17 as the commodity designation was published, pushing its market cap to approximately $93.4 billion and briefly overtaking BNB’s position in the global rankings. The token is currently trading at $1.41, with a 24-hour volume of $2.29 billion and a market cap of $86.4 billion.
The Phantom no-action letter falls under CFTC Letter 26-09, issued by the agency’s Market Participants Division. It allows self-custodial wallets to offer front-end interfaces for CFTC-regulated derivatives — such as futures contracts on designated contract markets — without triggering broker registration requirements, as long as the wallet operator imposes proper risk disclosures, never controls user funds, and maintains records and compliance policies comparable to those of a registered introducing broker.
The implications for XRP are strategic rather than immediate. Evernorth noted that the ruling establishes a regulatory pathway for non-custodial platforms — like those built on the XRP Ledger — to interface with regulated derivatives markets without being reclassified as financial intermediaries. The firm described this as a “significant milestone, particularly for self-custody solutions.”
The CFTC‘s posture under newly confirmed Chairman Brian Quintenz has shifted toward a pro-innovation stance, with the agency advancing a Memorandum of Understanding with the SEC on March 11, 2026, to streamline oversight for dually registered firms and reduce regulatory fragmentation across digital asset markets.
Crypto World
Bitcoin Rises as U.S.-Iran Tensions Escalate, Challenging Gold’s Safe Haven Dominance
TLDR:
- Bitcoin moved upward against gold as U.S.-Iran tensions rose, defying traditional market flight-to-safety patterns.
- Money rotated out of gold, silver, and stocks, with Bitcoin capturing part of that displaced capital in real time.
- Spot Bitcoin ETFs and institutional allocation in 2026 may be reshaping how the asset responds to geopolitical stress.
- The gold-to-Bitcoin ratio is now a key metric to watch as markets assess whether this safe haven shift is structural.
Bitcoin is drawing fresh attention as geopolitical tensions between the U.S. and Iran escalate. Traditionally, gold has served as the go-to asset during global uncertainty.
However, recent market movements suggest a possible shift. Money appears to be rotating away from gold, silver, and equities.
Bitcoin is absorbing some of that capital. Whether this marks a structural change or a temporary trend remains to be seen.
Bitcoin Captures Flight-to-Safety Capital as Gold Loses Ground
Market observers noted an unusual pattern as U.S.-Iran tensions rose recently. Typically, investors exit risk assets and move into gold during geopolitical stress. This time, Bitcoin moved upward while gold and silver saw outflows alongside equities.
Milk Road, a widely followed crypto newsletter on X, pointed this out directly. The post noted that money was rotating out of gold, silver, and stocks, with Bitcoin catching some of the flight-to-safety bid. That behavior stands out because it rarely happens during geopolitical flare-ups.
Bitcoin shares several core traits with gold. Both assets carry finite supply, operate without counterparty risk, and function as stores of value. However, Bitcoin offers added advantages in borderless access and instant liquidity across any geography.
In situations involving sanctions, capital controls, or cross-border asset freezes, Bitcoin becomes increasingly practical.
Investors who need access to value regardless of location or political circumstance find it more functional than physical gold in those scenarios.
Institutional Presence and ETF Access Add Weight to Bitcoin’s Safe Haven Case
The broader context of this market moment matters. The crypto landscape in 2026 looks markedly different from past cycles. Spot Bitcoin ETFs are now live, and institutional allocation to the asset class is well established.
That institutional base changes how Bitcoin responds to macro stress. In 2022, crypto dropped sharply in risk-off environments.
Today, with deeper liquidity and broader participation, the asset may behave differently under similar conditions.
Milk Road’s post suggested watching the gold-to-Bitcoin ratio closely. If Bitcoin holds or gains ground while geopolitical stress remains elevated, it could signal a more durable shift in how markets treat the asset.
The $100,000 price level remains the target many analysts reference. Reaching it through a geopolitical risk rotation rather than speculative momentum would represent an uncommon path in Bitcoin’s history.
That said, no rotation narrative carries certainty. Bitcoin has historically sold off alongside other assets when risk appetite collapsed broadly.
The next few weeks will determine whether current patterns hold or reverse as the situation between the U.S. and Iran develops further.
Crypto World
Ethereum Unveils 2029 ‘Strawmap’: 7 Hard Forks to Beat Quantum Threats
The Ethereum Foundation has unveiled its “Strawmap,” a defensive strategy deploying 7 hard forks to achieve full Quantum Resistance by 2029.
The roadmap, drafted by the Foundation’s quantum researchers, targets a radical reduction in block finality to under 16 seconds while migrating the $260 billion network to post-quantum cryptography before the threat materializes.
- Roadmap Scope: The “Strawmap” outlines seven incremental upgrades starting in 2026 to overhaul the consensus layer.
- Technical Target: The protocol aims to deploy STARK-based signatures and achieve Single Slot Finality to neutralize quantum decryption threats.
- Strategic Context: Developers are racing against a roughly five-year window before quantum computers could potentially crack current cryptographic keys.
The Mechanics: Single Slot Finality and Cryptographic Migration
The plan is not a patch; it is a reconstruction. The Strawmap outlines a “Ship of Theseus” approach to replacing Ethereum’s cryptographic foundations without pausing the chain.
The process begins with the Glamsterdam hard fork, tentatively targeted for the first half of 2026, followed by Hegota later that year.

The primary technical objective is the implementation of Post-Quantum Cryptography. Current blockchain security relies on elliptic curve algorithms that theoretical quantum computers could crack in hours.
The upgrades will transition the network toward hash-based signatures (like XMSS and SPHINCS+) and STARKs, which are resistant to brute-force quantum attacks.
This migration is critical for Layer 2 stability as well, where infrastructure halts, such as the recent Arbitrum Sepolia testnet outage, demonstrate the cascading effects of network-level disruptions.
Beyond security, the roadmap prioritizes speed via Single Slot Finality (SSF). Currently, Ethereum requires approximately 15 minutes to fully finalize a block. The Strawmap targets a reduction to under 16 seconds through a consensus redesign known as “Minimmit.” This change would make transaction reversal practically impossible almost immediately after execution, closing the window for reorganization attacks.
The Ethereum Foundation’s quantum team was blunt in their assessment. “Quantum computing will eventually break the public-key cryptography that secures ownership, authentication, and consensus across all digital systems,” the group stated Tuesday.
Strategic Risk: The Race Against Computational Brute Force
This is not a routine upgrade. It is a preemptive strike against an existential threat.
Traditional hacks exploit smart contract logic. A quantum breakthrough skips all of that. It derives private keys directly from the ledger. No code vulnerability needed. The Strawmap exists because that scenario is no longer science fiction.
The Ethereum Foundation executes all 7 Hard Fork upgrades on the 6-month cadence outlined. Quantum resistance goes live before commercial quantum computing becomes viable. Ethereum becomes the settlement layer for global finance with a security guarantee that lasts a century. Single-Slot Finality neutralizes a key speed advantage that faster, centralized L1 competitors like Solana currently hold.
Or the coordination trap closes in. Seven distinct forks in four years demand flawless execution. Ethereum timelines have slipped before.
The Merge. Dencun. If the Strawmap drags into the 2030s, the network enters a quantum emergency window in which the hardware to crack the chain is available before the defenses are live. Quantum researcher Pierre-Luc Dallaire-Demers told DL News that Bitcoin-style cryptography could be cracked within 4 to 5 years. That timeline puts enormous pressure on every fork in this sequence.
Watch the EIP inclusion lists for the Glamsterdam fork in early 2026. That is the signal that this has moved from research to engineering.
Ethereum is rebuilding its engine at full speed. The result sets the security standard for the entire digital asset class.
Discover: The best new crypto in the world
The post Ethereum Unveils 2029 ‘Strawmap’: 7 Hard Forks to Beat Quantum Threats appeared first on Cryptonews.
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