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Fannie Mae Now Accepts Crypto as Mortgage Collateral: But There Is a Catch That Could Cost You Thousands

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Fannie Mae Now Accepts Crypto as Mortgage Collateral: But There Is a Catch That Could Cost You Thousands

A $100,000 Crypto bitcoin position now qualifies a borrower for a GSE-backed mortgage, but only $40,000 to $50,000 of it actually counts.

FHFA Director William J. Pulte’s June 25, 2025 directive ordered Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to accept cryptocurrency as financial reserves without requiring conversion to dollars, a direct reversal of Fannie Mae’s longstanding guideline B3-4.1-04 that had blocked digital assets from underwriting since 2022.

The surface headline is historic. The mechanism underneath it is where the real trade-off lives.

Mortgage company Better Home & Finance and Coinbase Global are the first to operationalize the shift, announcing this week a crypto mortgage product that allows borrowers to pledge crypto holdings against a Fannie Mae-backed loan. The institutional adoption signal here is hard to overstate, this is the $12 trillion U.S. residential mortgage market formally recognizing Bitcoin reserves as collateral-adjacent assets.

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The analytical question is what the volatility haircut actually costs holders, and whether the math still works for the average BTC or ETH position size.

Key Takeaways:
  • FHFA directed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac on June 25, 2025 to accept crypto as mortgage reserves without forced liquidation.
  • A 50–60% volatility haircut applies — $100,000 in BTC counts as $40,000–$50,000 toward reserve requirements.
  • Assets must be held on U.S.-regulated exchanges; self-custodied cold wallets are currently excluded.
  • Better Home & Finance and Coinbase are the first lender-exchange pair to launch a Fannie-backed crypto mortgage product.

Discover: The best crypto presales gaining institutional momentum right now

The Haircut Mechanism: What FHFA’s Framework Actually Allows

The FHFA framework introduces what it calls a risk-based volatility haircut, a percentage reduction applied to the market value of crypto holdings before they count toward reserve requirements.

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Current guidance puts that haircut at 50–60%, meaning a borrower holding $100,000 in BTC can claim between $40,000 and $50,000 in qualifying reserves. The bear case is concrete: a borrower who needs $80,000 in reserves must hold $160,000–$200,000 in crypto to clear the threshold. That’s a steep overcollateralization requirement by any conventional lending standard.

The bull case is equally concrete. Before June 25, those same crypto holders had two options, sell the position and crystallize a taxable event, or disqualify the asset entirely. Now a BTC position held for institutional-grade exposure can anchor a mortgage application while staying on-chain. The preserved market upside during the loan approval window alone is a material benefit for anyone holding meaningful Bitcoin reserves.

Custody rules are non-negotiable under the framework. Assets must be stored on U.S.-regulated centralized exchanges, Coinbase, Kraken, and Gemini qualify; self-custodied cold wallets do not.

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Per the FHFA’s July 3, 2025 formalized requirements, lenders will verify holdings via exchange API integrations, and assets must clear AML compliance thresholds.

Staked assets and DeFi-locked positions are excluded from the current automated underwriting systems. That distinction cuts out a significant slice of the sophisticated crypto-holder population who’ve moved assets off exchanges, and it’s the friction point right now.

Pulte framed the directive as enabling GSEs to assess the “full spectrum of asset information” for creditworthy borrowers, per public statements following the announcement. Senator Cynthia Lummis introduced the 21st Century Mortgage Act to codify the policy in statute, explicitly prohibiting forced crypto liquidation.

Discover: The best crypto to diversify your portfolio with

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How BTC and ETH Holders Actually Use This: The Practical Workflow

For a borrower holding BTC or ETH on a qualifying exchange, the crypto mortgage workflow starts with documentation: exchange-generated statements showing asset balances, ownership verification, and 60-day holding history consistent with standard reserve seasoning requirements.

The GSE-backed loan covers the property; the crypto remains on the exchange as a verified reserve asset rather than being converted to cash. No liquidation, no taxable event, no forced exit from a position.

The worked math matters here. A borrower purchasing a $500,000 home under a conventional GSE loan typically needs 2–6 months of mortgage payments in reserves, amounting to roughly $15,000–$45,000, depending on the loan product. At a 50% haircut, clearing a $45,000 reserve requirement demands $90,000 in BTC or ETH held on a regulated exchange.

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That threshold is accessible for the cohort of crypto-native wealth holders the FHFA is explicitly targeting, but it excludes borrowers with smaller positions who would still need supplemental cash reserves.

Freddie Mac is operating under the same FHFA directive and must submit board-approved proposals for review, watch for finalized approved-asset lists specifying whether altcoins beyond BTC and ETH qualify, and whether haircut percentages differ by asset volatility profile. Regulatory momentum across major economies is accelerating GSE timelines on this front. The implementation is not complete, it’s the opening framework, and the edge cases haven’t been stress-tested by a market drawdown yet.

Discover: The best crypto presales gaining institutional momentum right now

The post Fannie Mae Now Accepts Crypto as Mortgage Collateral: But There Is a Catch That Could Cost You Thousands appeared first on Cryptonews.

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Bhutan Shifts 519.707 BTC Worth $36.8M to External Addresses as Holdings Drop 66% from Peak

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Crypto Breaking News

Key Takeaways

  • Bhutan’s state-owned investment arm, Druk Holding and Investments, transferred 519.707 BTC worth approximately $36.75 million to external addresses.
  • Total 2026 outflows from Bhutan’s Bitcoin treasury have now exceeded $152 million, with holdings falling from nearly 13,000 BTC in late 2024 to approximately 4,453 BTC, a 66% reduction.
  • Bhutan’s earlier pledge to allocate up to 10,000 BTC toward the Gelephu Mindfulness City project now faces significant headwinds.

The Royal Government of Bhutan moved another batch of Bitcoin from its sovereign treasury, transferring 519.707 BTC worth approximately $36.75 million to external wallets on Wednesday. The transaction spotted by Arkham Intelligence marks Bhutan’s third major Bitcoin movement in March alone and continues a pattern of steady, institutional-grade liquidations that has defined the kingdom’s crypto strategy in 2026.

A Quietly Depleting Holdings

The kingdom’s holdings have fallen roughly 66% from a late-2024 peak of about 13,000 BTC to 4,453 BTC, as larger March transactions replace the smaller $5 million to $15 million clips seen in January and February. Repeated transfers to Singapore-based QCP Capital suggest a structured over-the-counter selling arrangement.

The March activity has been the most intense yet. The latest 519.707 BTC transfer marks the wallet’s third large Bitcoin transaction in March, following $72 million moved in six separate transactions in the 24 hours leading up to March 18, and $11.8 million moved on March 9.

How Bhutan Built Its Treasury

Bhutan accumulated its cryptocurrency portfolio through government-operated hydroelectric mining facilities. Utilizing excess energy from hydropower plants meant mining costs were essentially negligible. Each Bitcoin sold represents nearly pure revenue for the state. The nation’s Bitcoin treasury reached its peak at approximately 13,000 BTC during late 2024.

As of March 12, Bhutan was the fifth-largest country by Bitcoin holdings, behind the US government, the United Kingdom’s government, El Salvador, and the United Arab Emirates Royal Group.

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The Gelephu Pledge Under Pressure

In December 2025, Bhutan unveiled a Bitcoin Development Pledge, committing up to 10,000 BTC to fund the Gelephu Mindfulness City, an ambitious special administrative region project. On January 8, 2026, the project announced plans to establish a strategic cryptocurrency reserve including Bitcoin, Ether, and BNB, signalling a diversified approach to digital assets within Bhutan’s long-term economic planning. With current holdings sitting well below 5,000 BTC, that original commitment faces significant headwinds.

Druk Holding and Investments has not issued a public statement about the transfers. That silence is consistent with how the kingdom has handled its entire Bitcoin program. With Bitcoin navigating geopolitical-driven volatility this week and a $3 billion long liquidation risk still active below $65,000, Bhutan’s steady offloading adds another layer of sell-side pressure that the market is quietly absorbing.

Risk & affiliate notice: Crypto assets are volatile and capital is at risk. This article may contain affiliate links. Read full disclosure

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BTC slips below $69,000 as oil rebounds on fading Middle East peace hopes

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BTC slips below $69,000 as oil rebounds on fading Middle East peace hopes

Bitcoin slipped below $69,000 on Thursday as a broader pullback in risk assets gathered pace, with early optimism around Iran-U.S. peace and easing Middle East tensions fading.

The largest crypto lost more than 3% from its overnight high above $71,000, while major altcoins ether (ETH), XRP (XRP), Solana’s SOL (SOL) and Cardano’s ADA (ADA) plunged 4%-5% during the same period.

Oil prices remain the barometer for the broader market. Crude oil futures rose about 4%, reversing earlier declines and reinforcing concerns about inflation and supply disruptions tied to the Iran conflict.

U.S. stocks were at session lows just after noon on the East Coast, led by the Nasdaq’s 1.4% decline. Bond yields were sharply higher: the U.S. 10-year Treasury up 7 basis points to 4.40%, and the 10-year German Bund up 10.5 basis points to 3.06%.

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Notably, all Magnificent Seven stocks are now all off double digit percentages from their all-time highs, with NVIDIA (NVDA) down 18%, Meta (META) 30%, Amazon (AMZN) 20%, Alphabet (GOOG) 19%, Microsoft (MSFT) 34%, Tesla (TSLA) 25% and Apple (APPL) down 14%.

“Looking ahead, the near-term trajectory will likely remain tied to macro developments,” said Joel Kruger, market strategist at LMAX Group.

A clearer path toward de-escalation could push risk assets, including bitcoin, higher, he said, while continued uncertainty may leave them stuck in a choppy range.

Crypto-related stocks were posting major losses as well: Coinbase (COIN), Circle (CRCL) and Strategy (MSTR) were down 3%-4%.

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The sharpest losses came from bitcoin miners, nearly all of which are either in transition or have fully transitioned to being AI infrastructure plays and thus tied more to tech in general rather than crypto prices. Hut 8 (HUT) dropped 8.6%, while IREN (IREN) and Riot Platforms (RIOT) fell more than 7%. TeraWulf (WULF) and HIVE Digital (HIVE) also posted steep declines.

WhiteFiber (WYFI) shares fell 14% after its fourth quarter results showed worsening fundamentals, with a net loss widening to $1.5 million and a full-year loss of $24.7 million. The parent company of WhiteFiber, Bit Digital (BTBT), saw its shares down around 8%.

A few names bucked the trend, though. MARA Holdings (MARA) was up 8.7% after reporting the sale of $1.1 billion in bitcoin to pay down debt.

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Bitcoin (BTC) holds ground as precious metals slide on ETF outflows and liquidity strains, JPMorgan says

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What next for bitcoin as BTC nears $68,000 on fresh US-Iran tensions

Bitcoin is proving more resilient than traditional safe-haven assets as gold and silver come under pressure from outflows, positioning unwinds and deteriorating liquidity, according to Wall Street investment bank JPMorgan.

“The deterioration in liquidity conditions in gold has seen its market breadth
decline below that of bitcoin currently,” analysts led by Nikolaos Panigirtzoglou, wrote in the Wednesday report.

Bitcoin has shown relative resilience in recent weeks following the outbreak of war in Iran, even after a steep correction from its October all-time highs.

The cryptocurrency initially dropped sharply alongside broader risk assets, briefly falling into the low-$60,000 range and triggering large liquidations as investors rushed to de-risk amid geopolitical uncertainty.

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But the sell-off proved short-lived. Prices have since stabilized in the high-$60,000 to low-$70,000 range, even as tensions persist and oil prices surge above $100 a barrel.

The price action suggests bitcoin is behaving less like a pure safe haven in the immediate shock phase and more like a high-beta macro asset, selling off initially, then finding support as flows return and longer-term holders step in once panic subsides.

Gold has fallen roughly 15% month to date, reversing a crowded rally that pushed prices to record highs near $5,500 in January. Silver, which peaked near $120, has followed a similar path lower. JPMorgan analysts attributed the sell-off to rising interest rates, a stronger U.S. dollar and broad profit-taking by both retail and institutional investors.

Flows data reinforce the shift. Gold ETFs saw nearly $11 billion in outflows in the first three weeks of March, while silver ETF inflows built since last summer have been unwound, the report said. In contrast, bitcoin funds have continued to attract net inflows over the same period.

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Positioning data tells a similar story. JPMorgan’s proxy for institutional activity, based on Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) futures open interest, shows a sharp buildup in gold and silver exposure through late 2025 into early 2026, followed by a steep decline since January as investors cut positions. Bitcoin futures positioning, by comparison, has remained relatively stable in recent weeks.

Momentum signals also diverge. The bank noted that trend-following investors, such as Commodity Trading Advisors (CTAs), have aggressively reduced exposure to gold and silver, with indicators swinging from overbought to below-neutral levels. That positioning shift has likely amplified recent price declines. Bitcoin momentum, meanwhile, is recovering from oversold conditions toward neutral, suggesting selling pressure may be easing.

Liquidity conditions further highlight the divergence. Gold’s market breadth has deteriorated to the point where it now trails bitcoin, a reversal of the typical relationship. Silver’s liquidity has weakened further, with thinner market depth exacerbating recent price moves, the report added.

The world’s largest cryptocurrency was trading around $69,000 at the time of publication. Gold was trading around $4,450/oz, and silver $69/oz.

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Read more: Wall Street broker Bernstein calls bitcoin bottom, keeps $150,000 year-end target

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Coinbase Launches Crypto Mortgage Product Tied to Fannie Mae

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Coinbase Launches Crypto Mortgage Product Tied to Fannie Mae

Crypto exchange Coinbase Global has launched a mortgage structure with Better Home & Finance that lets qualified borrowers pledge digital assets held in Coinbase accounts to fund down payments on standard conforming mortgages designed in accordance with Fannie Mae guidelines.

According to Coinbase, the structure enables borrowers to pledge digital assets such as Bitcoin (BTC) or USDC (USDC) as collateral for a separate loan used to fund the down payment, while the primary mortgage remains a standard, Fannie Mae–backed loan. Better will originate and service the mortgages.

When rolled out, the new development could mark a shift in how crypto assets are used in US housing finance, extending their role from qualifying assets in underwriting to a more direct component of mortgage financing.

The news follows earlier regulatory signals to integrate crypto into mortgage frameworks. In June, the US Federal Housing Finance Agency directed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to prepare proposals to recognize cryptocurrency as an asset in mortgage risk assessments without requiring conversion to US dollars.

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It also builds on a series of developments integrating crypto into home lending, with lenders like Newrez and Rate recently recognizing crypto holdings in underwriting, signaling a broader push to embed crypto across the mortgage stack.

Cointelegraph reached out to Fannie Mae for more information but did not receive a response before publication.

Pledging crypto for down payments comes with added risks

According to Coinbase, borrowers would take out a standard conforming mortgage while using a separate loan secured by crypto holdings to cover the down payment.

The setup allows buyers to retain exposure to digital assets, but replaces upfront cash with additional debt. 

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Related: Crypto mortgages in US face valuation risks, regulatory uncertainty

Coinbase said the model introduces constraints tied to pledged assets, with borrowers unable to trade collateral while it is locked.

The company said market volatility alone does not trigger margin calls as long as borrowers continue making payments, and mortgage terms remain unchanged once the loan is active.

The model also introduces new risks tied to the pledged assets. While price swings do not directly affect the mortgage, they may still influence borrower risk exposure and financial decisions over time.

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Lenders have been gradually integrating crypto into mortgage underwriting

The new development follows several US lenders that recently incorporated crypto assets into mortgage processes. 

On Jan. 17, loan servicer Newrez said it would allow borrowers to use BTC, Ether (ETH), crypto ETFs and stablecoins as qualifying assets in underwriting, without requiring liquidation. 

On Feb. 23, mortgage lender Rate launched its RateFi program, which allows verified crypto holdings to count toward reserves and, in some cases, income. However, borrowers are still required to convert their crypto into cash for down payments and closing costs. 

Ex-Congressman Ryan frames crypto as a housing tool

Ahead of the rollout, Cointelegraph’s Turner Wright spoke with former Ohio Representative Tim Ryan, a member of Coinbase’s advisory council who has focused on middle-class affordability, including housing.

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Ryan cast mortgage financing as a practical, real-world use case for crypto, arguing that digital assets can unlock wealth for early investors and help address one of the biggest barriers to homeownership — the down payment.

“Digital assets have a place for working-class people… all the way down to getting a home,” Ryan said. “To see the industry move into… the housing sector… is a really huge deal.”

Affordability remains a major challenge for US homebuyers. Despite slower activity tied to low inventory and elevated mortgage rates, the average home price still exceeded $405,000 in the fourth quarter.

The median home price has come down from its 2022 peak but remains elevated relative to incomes. Source: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

A 20% down payment, often required to avoid private mortgage insurance, would still cost buyers more than $80,000, a hurdle that could be less challenging now for crypto investors.

Additional reporting by Sam Bourgi and Turner Wright.

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