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Fannie Mae Now Accepts Crypto as Mortgage Collateral: But There Is a Catch That Could Cost You Thousands

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Fannie Mae Now Accepts Crypto as Mortgage Collateral: But There Is a Catch That Could Cost You Thousands

A $100,000 Crypto bitcoin position now qualifies a borrower for a GSE-backed mortgage, but only $40,000 to $50,000 of it actually counts.

FHFA Director William J. Pulte’s June 25, 2025 directive ordered Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac to accept cryptocurrency as financial reserves without requiring conversion to dollars, a direct reversal of Fannie Mae’s longstanding guideline B3-4.1-04 that had blocked digital assets from underwriting since 2022.

The surface headline is historic. The mechanism underneath it is where the real trade-off lives.

Mortgage company Better Home & Finance and Coinbase Global are the first to operationalize the shift, announcing this week a crypto mortgage product that allows borrowers to pledge crypto holdings against a Fannie Mae-backed loan. The institutional adoption signal here is hard to overstate, this is the $12 trillion U.S. residential mortgage market formally recognizing Bitcoin reserves as collateral-adjacent assets.

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The analytical question is what the volatility haircut actually costs holders, and whether the math still works for the average BTC or ETH position size.

Key Takeaways:
  • FHFA directed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac on June 25, 2025 to accept crypto as mortgage reserves without forced liquidation.
  • A 50–60% volatility haircut applies — $100,000 in BTC counts as $40,000–$50,000 toward reserve requirements.
  • Assets must be held on U.S.-regulated exchanges; self-custodied cold wallets are currently excluded.
  • Better Home & Finance and Coinbase are the first lender-exchange pair to launch a Fannie-backed crypto mortgage product.

Discover: The best crypto presales gaining institutional momentum right now

The Haircut Mechanism: What FHFA’s Framework Actually Allows

The FHFA framework introduces what it calls a risk-based volatility haircut, a percentage reduction applied to the market value of crypto holdings before they count toward reserve requirements.

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Current guidance puts that haircut at 50–60%, meaning a borrower holding $100,000 in BTC can claim between $40,000 and $50,000 in qualifying reserves. The bear case is concrete: a borrower who needs $80,000 in reserves must hold $160,000–$200,000 in crypto to clear the threshold. That’s a steep overcollateralization requirement by any conventional lending standard.

The bull case is equally concrete. Before June 25, those same crypto holders had two options, sell the position and crystallize a taxable event, or disqualify the asset entirely. Now a BTC position held for institutional-grade exposure can anchor a mortgage application while staying on-chain. The preserved market upside during the loan approval window alone is a material benefit for anyone holding meaningful Bitcoin reserves.

Custody rules are non-negotiable under the framework. Assets must be stored on U.S.-regulated centralized exchanges, Coinbase, Kraken, and Gemini qualify; self-custodied cold wallets do not.

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Per the FHFA’s July 3, 2025 formalized requirements, lenders will verify holdings via exchange API integrations, and assets must clear AML compliance thresholds.

Staked assets and DeFi-locked positions are excluded from the current automated underwriting systems. That distinction cuts out a significant slice of the sophisticated crypto-holder population who’ve moved assets off exchanges, and it’s the friction point right now.

Pulte framed the directive as enabling GSEs to assess the “full spectrum of asset information” for creditworthy borrowers, per public statements following the announcement. Senator Cynthia Lummis introduced the 21st Century Mortgage Act to codify the policy in statute, explicitly prohibiting forced crypto liquidation.

Discover: The best crypto to diversify your portfolio with

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How BTC and ETH Holders Actually Use This: The Practical Workflow

For a borrower holding BTC or ETH on a qualifying exchange, the crypto mortgage workflow starts with documentation: exchange-generated statements showing asset balances, ownership verification, and 60-day holding history consistent with standard reserve seasoning requirements.

The GSE-backed loan covers the property; the crypto remains on the exchange as a verified reserve asset rather than being converted to cash. No liquidation, no taxable event, no forced exit from a position.

The worked math matters here. A borrower purchasing a $500,000 home under a conventional GSE loan typically needs 2–6 months of mortgage payments in reserves, amounting to roughly $15,000–$45,000, depending on the loan product. At a 50% haircut, clearing a $45,000 reserve requirement demands $90,000 in BTC or ETH held on a regulated exchange.

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That threshold is accessible for the cohort of crypto-native wealth holders the FHFA is explicitly targeting, but it excludes borrowers with smaller positions who would still need supplemental cash reserves.

Freddie Mac is operating under the same FHFA directive and must submit board-approved proposals for review, watch for finalized approved-asset lists specifying whether altcoins beyond BTC and ETH qualify, and whether haircut percentages differ by asset volatility profile. Regulatory momentum across major economies is accelerating GSE timelines on this front. The implementation is not complete, it’s the opening framework, and the edge cases haven’t been stress-tested by a market drawdown yet.

Discover: The best crypto presales gaining institutional momentum right now

The post Fannie Mae Now Accepts Crypto as Mortgage Collateral: But There Is a Catch That Could Cost You Thousands appeared first on Cryptonews.

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Crypto World

Bitcoin’s Quantum Migration May Reveal Number of Satoshi Coins: Adam Back

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Bitcoin's Quantum Migration May Reveal Number of Satoshi Coins: Adam Back

Blockstream CEO Adam Back said Thursday that a future post-quantum migration of Bitcoin could help clarify how many coins linked to Satoshi Nakamoto remain accessible, because any owner wanting to protect vulnerable holdings would need to move them to a new address format.

Speaking at Paris Blockchain Week, Back said such a migration would likely give users ample time to move funds and argued that coins left unmoved after that process could reasonably be treated as lost.

“This migration to post-quantum address format may tell us how many of those coins [Satoshi] still has,” said Back, adding that the pseudonymous creator has an estimated 500,000 to 1 million Bitcoin (BTC).

Satoshi’s Bitcoin stash has ignited heated debate among Bitcoin holders concerned by the quantum computing threat. On Wednesday, Jameson Lopp and five co-authors published a Bitcoin Improvement Proposal aimed at restricting the future movement of coins held in quantum-vulnerable address formats, including older coins whose public keys have already been exposed.

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Adam Back, keynote speech at Paris Blockchain Week in 2026. Source: Cointelegraph

Blockchain data platform Arkham estimates that Nakamoto-linked wallets hold 1.09 million Bitcoin, currently valued at $81.6 billion.

Related: Bernstein says Bitcoin market already priced in quantum risk

Back sees long runway on quantum

Back said Bitcoin developers and holders still have substantial time to prepare, arguing that a quantum breakthrough capable of threatening Bitcoin signatures is at least 20 years away.

He argued that today’s quantum computers are “less powerful than a $5 calculator” and that some of their issues become more pressing as these systems scale, such as their energy consumption.

Back said that runway should give developers and users ample time to develop a post-quantum path and migrate to a new quantum-resistant standard underpinned by hash-based signatures.

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Hash-based signature schemes for Bitcoin, research paper. Source: Blockstream Research

In December 2025, Back’s Blockstream Research released a paper proposing a hash-based signature scheme that offers a “promising path for securing Bitcoin in a post-quantum world,” as a quantum-safe replacement for the ECDSA and Schnorr signatures. Under the proposal, security would rely solely on hash function assumptions, similar to the ones currently used in Bitcoin’s network design.

The Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) uses elliptic-curve cryptography to verify the authenticity and integrity of a message. Schnorr signatures are another signature scheme praised for enhancing privacy and reducing data size, due to their ability to combine multiple signatures into one.

Magazine: Bitcoin vs. the quantum computer threat — Timeline and solutions (2025–2035)