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Britain to return Chagos Islands to Mauritius ending years of dispute | Chagos Islands

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The Chagos Islanders taking back their birthplace from the British: 'They uprooted us' – video

The UK has agreed to hand over the Chagos Islands to Mauritius, ending years of bitter dispute over Britain’s last African colony.

The agreement will allow a right of return for Chagossians, who the UK expelled from their homes in the 1960s and 1970s, in what has been described as a crime against humanity and one of the most shameful episodes of postwar colonialism.

However, there will be an exception for the key island of Diego Garcia, which is home to a joint UK-US military base, and which will remain under UK control. Plans for the base were the reason the UK severed the Chagos Islands from the rest of Mauritius when it granted the latter independence in 1968 and forcibly displaced up to 2,000 people.

There was a mixed reaction to the announcement from Chagossians, not all of whom are happy that sovereignty has been handed to Mauritius.

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But Olivier Bancoult, chair of the Chagos Refugee Group, who was four years old when his family was deported to Mauritius, welcomed it, describing it as “a big day”.

“This has been a long struggle lasting more than 40 years and many of our people have passed away,” said Bancoult, who had mounted a series of legal challenges over the sovereignty of the islands in the UK courts since 2000. “But today is a sign of recognition of the injustice done against Chagossians who were forced to leave their homes.”

He said it was not yet clear how many Chagossians would like to return to the islands, many of which are uninhabitable. While acknowledging that those born on the largest island – Diego Garcia – would not be able to return, he expressed hope that Chagossians could be prioritised for jobs there.

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Bancoult, who was part of a historic 2022 trip to the islands, which included the Mauritian ambassador to the UN, Jagdish Koonjul, raising his country’s flag above the atoll of Peros Banhos in a ceremony, added: “If Mauritius will not fulfil its responsibilities to us of course we will raise our voices.”

The first of 13 rounds of negotiations began in 2022, representing an abrupt change of approach after years of the UK defying court rulings – including a 2019 advisory opinion from the UN’s highest court – and UN general assembly vote, which all said it should return the islands to Mauritius. The agreement is subject to a treaty that the parties will seek to conclude as soon as possible.

An attempt to halt the negotiations, on the basis that the Chagossians were not consulted or involved, failed.

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Chagossian Voices, a community organisation for Chagossians based in the UK and in several other countries, said of Thursday’s announcement: “Chagossian Voices deplore the exclusion of the Chagossian community from the negotiations which have produced this statement of intent concerning the sovereignty of our homeland. Chagossians have learned this outcome from the media and remain powerless and voiceless in determining our own future and the future of our homeland.

“The views of Chagossians, the Indigenous inhabitants of the islands, have been consistently and deliberately ignored and we demand full inclusion in the drafting of the treaty.”

Chagossian protest in central London against the depopulation of the islands. Photograph: Pacific Press/LightRocket/Getty Images

A joint statement from the UK and Mauritius governments said the agreement would “address wrongs of the past and demonstrate the commitment of both parties to support the welfare of Chagossians”.

The UK foreign secretary, David Lammy, said the UK government had secured the future of the military base, while the US president, Joe Biden, welcomed the agreement as a “clear demonstration that … countries can overcome longstanding historical challenges to reach peaceful and mutually beneficial outcomes”.

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Despite Biden’s endorsement, and the fact that negotiations were begun under the Conservative government, all four Conservative leadership candidates – including James Cleverly, who as foreign secretary, announced the discussions – condemned the deal as being harmful to the UK’s interests.

The Chagos Islanders taking back their birthplace from the British: ‘They uprooted us’ – video

The security of the Diego Garcia military base was further complicated by the fact that more than 60 Tamil refugees, hoping to reach Canada after setting sail in a boat from southern India, have been stranded on the island for three years. A ruling about whether or not they have been unlawfully detained there is expected imminently.

Human Rights Watch (HRW), which said in a report last year that the UK should pay full and unconditional reparations to generations affected by the forcible displacement of islanders, lamented the deal.

Clive Baldwin, senior legal adviser at HRW, said: “The agreement says it will address the wrongs against the Chagossians of the past but it looks like it will continue the crimes long into the future.

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“It does not guarantee that the Chagossians will return to their homeland, appears to explicitly ban them from the largest island, Diego Garcia, for another century, and does not mention the reparations they are all owed to rebuild their future. The forthcoming treaty needs to address their rights, and there should be meaningful consultations with the Chagossians, otherwise the UK, US and now Mauritius will be responsible for a still-ongoing colonial crime.”

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Reeves considers income tax threshold freeze

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Reeves considers income tax threshold freeze

An announcement in the upcoming budget of a continued freeze on income tax thresholds beyond 2028 would not constitute a breach of Labour’s election manifesto promise, government sources have insisted.

In the run-up to June’s general election, both leader Sir Keir Starmer and the soon-to-be Chancellor Rachel Reeves pledged to “not increase taxes on working people”.

But a threshold freeze could allow the chancellor to raise an estimated £7bn by bringing more people into the tax system.

Reeves is currently trying to find £40bn through a mixture of savings and tax rises that she will announce in the new government’s first budget on Wednesday 30 October.

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Tax thresholds were frozen by the previous Conservative government in 2022, but were due to rise again each year from 2028.

The chancellor is now said to be weighing a plan to extend the freeze for the remainder of the parliament.

The decision not to increase tax thresholds would continue a process called “fiscal drag”, in which more people are “dragged” into paying tax, or higher rates of tax, as their wages rise and cross the unchanging thresholds.

If Reeves goes ahead with the plan, roughly 400,000 more people will find themselves paying income tax at the basic rate.

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Government insiders have insisted this does not breach Labour’s manifesto pledge to “not increase taxes on working people”.

Sources are pointing to the exact wording of the manifesto, which states that the “rates” of income tax would not rise.

In other words, in England, Wales and Northern Ireland these would remain – depending on income – at 20p, 40p and 45p. 

But as people’s wages increased, so too would their tax bill.

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In 2019, the Conservatives also pledged not to increase tax “rates” – and went on to freeze tax thresholds.

At the time, this was denounced by the Labour opposition as a “stealth tax”.

However, it is not one the party has specifically pledged to reverse.

Labour’s opponents will argue that an extension of a freeze would undermine the party’s wider-ranging promise not to increase taxes on working people.

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Reeves has just 11 days to firm up her plans ahead of Budget day.

The country’s first female chancellor has warned of a £22bn “black hole” in the public finances – a gap caused by the rules the government has chosen to follow governing how much money it can borrow over the next five years.

Filling this hole would only be enough to “keep public services standing still”, the chancellor said this week.

This means she is hoping to find £40bn in order to avoid real-terms cuts to government departments.

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Reeves has warned of “difficult decisions” ahead.

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Senior Unite union official loses unfair dismissal claim

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BBC Howard Beckett speaks on a Zoom call with airpods hanging out of his ears. The blinds are shut behind him and the walls are a dark cream colour.BBC

Howard Beckett had argued claims against him were “baseless”

A senior official at one of the UK’s largest trade unions has lost an unfair dismissal claim amid a police investigation into allegations of bribery, fraud and money-laundering at the organisation.

Howard Beckett was assistant general secretary at Unite the Union until his suspension in August 2022, four months after police raided the union’s London headquarters.

In his tribunal judgement, employment judge Richard Nicolle said police searches had also taken place at Mr Beckett’s “flat in London and home on the Wirral on 6 April 2022”.

Mr Beckett argued the claims against him were “baseless”.

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His lawyer has told the BBC he is appealing the Employment Tribunal’s judgement, has launched legal action against the union and its general secretary for breach of privacy, and he noted the judge had been critical of Unite.

Mr Beckett was initially told his suspension was due to allegations of “misleading” the union’s ruling executive council in relation to the construction of its vastly over-budget hotel and conference centre in Birmingham.

The project was originally estimated to cost £7m but more than £100m was eventually spent.

An independent valuation later concluded the finished building was worth only £29m.

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General secretary Sharon Graham commissioned an inquiry which, the tribunal said, led to the discovery of £14m which did not feature “in the final accounts and it remaining a mystery as to how and when this figure had been assessed and then presumably paid” to a contractor.

Mr Beckett was also told he had been suspended due to “concerns about the probity of awarding contracts for affiliated services”.

Google The Birmingham complex includes a hotel and conference centreGoogle

The complex, which is now complete, houses Unite’s regional headquarters, as well as a 170-bed hotel and 1,000-person conference centre

A close ally of former Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn, Mr Beckett was off sick for almost 18 months before he resigned from Unite in January 2023.

His lawyer told the tribunal Mr Beckett had not been well enough to participate in a disciplinary hearing and the union’s disciplinary charges were “baseless”.

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The employment judge rejected this, and also found Mr Beckett had not been demoted as he had claimed.

The judge did, however, say there were “significant deficiencies” in Unite’s “investigation and disciplinary processes”.

Judge Nicolle wrote: “It would have been extremely surprising in the Tribunal’s view had [Unite] allowed its Head of Legal to return to active employment in circumstances where there were ongoing police investigations into very serious matters to include bribery, money laundering and offences under proceeds of criminality legislation.”

Ms Graham, who succeeded Len McCluskey as Unite general secretary in 2021, did not give evidence to the tribunal.

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The BBC has contacted Unite the Union for comment.

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Labour tiptoes nervously towards a China policy

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Reuters Foreign Secretary David Lammy and Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi shake handsReuters

David Lammy’s meeting with Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi comes three months after Labour returned to power

Labour declared after the election that “Britain is back” on the world stage after years of Conservative retreat.

But when it comes to China, the government is tiptoeing nervously in the wings.

David Lammy’s trip to China is rare – he is only the second foreign secretary to visit in six years.

He held talks in Beijing with his powerful counterpart, Wang Yi, and Vice Premier Ding Xuexiang, before heading to Shanghai to meet British business leaders on Saturday.

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You might think the Foreign Office would want to make a big thing of it, to emphasise the importance of the diplomatic repair job the foreign secretary is bent on.

But instead, the trip is taking place sotto voce.

There is little media access to Mr Lammy. There are no announcements about a new trade agreement, or cooperation on policy.

Whitehall sources tell me this in part the fault of Downing Street which, they say, is increasingly gripped by caution after a febrile few weeks.

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No10 officials want to avoid political rows ahead of the Budget later this month. They do not want Labour and Conservative MPs to unite in accusing the government of putting economic gain ahead of human rights and international law.

There is a strong cross-party caucus in Westminster that is China-sceptic; seven MPs and peers remain officially sanctioned by Beijing as a result.

They are already accusing Mr Lammy of backtracking on pre-election promises to push the international courts to declare China’s treatment of the Uighur minority as genocide.

China audit looms

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Perhaps the chief reason for the low-key nature of Mr Lammy’s visit is that Labour is still working out its policy towards China.

It is conducting what it calls a cross-Whitehall “audit” of Britain’s relationship with the country, which is not due to complete until next year. It is then that Chancellor Rachel Reeves, and perhaps even Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer, may visit China.

For now, the government has a holding position which it sums up in three words: “challenge, compete, cooperate”.

It says it will challenge China on human rights abuses and its support for Russia in Ukraine. It will compete with China over trade. And it will cooperate with China over shared interests, such as global health and climate change.

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If this sounds familiar, that is because other western powers use similar language. And the previous Conservative government’s policy was to “protect, align and engage”.

However, both parties have found it difficult to work out where precisely to draw the line.

Does “compete” involve banning Chinese electric vehicles from the UK’s automotive market?

Does “challenge” mean restricting lucrative Chinese students from attending cash-strapped UK universities?

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Does “cooperate” involve sharing private medical research to help prevent a future pandemic?

‘New starting point’

The head of MI5, Ken McCallum, spoke only last week of “a threat that manifests at scale” from China, targeting Britain’s information and democracy.

Mr Lammy’s more prosaic aim on this visit is simply to re-establish some kind of working relationship with Beijing.

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Under the Conservatives, UK-China relations blew hot and cold, between the diplomatic warmth of the so-called “golden era” to the hawkish aggression of more recent Conservative leaders.

Last year, then-Prime Minister Rishi Sunak called China the “greatest threat” to Britain’s economy; then-Foreign Secretary James Cleverly visited Beijing calling for re-engagement; his successor Lord Cameron resolutely ignored the country.

Mr Lammy says he wants to re-establish what he calls a more consistent and pragmatic relationship.

During his talks with Mr Wang, he said he was “struck by the scope for mutually beneficial cooperation on the climate, on energy and nature, of the science and tech, on trade and investment, on health and development.”

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He said Beijing and London should “find pragmatic solutions to complex challenges”.

China appears up for that. Mr Wang said China-UK relations were “standing at a new starting point” and spoke of “our boosted confidence in bilateral cooperation”.

He even referred by name to Mr Lammy’s foreign policy slogan – “progressive realism” – which Mr Wang said, “has positive significance”.

So far, so conciliatory.

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Drawing the line

Of course, Mr Lammy said both countries had “different perspectives” on some issues.

In a statement after the talks, the Foreign Office said he raised concerns about China’s military support for Russia in Ukraine, and how that was damaging China’s relationships in Europe.

The department also said he raised China’s treatment of the Uighurs in the Xinjiang region, “serious concerns” over the implementation of new national security laws in Hong Kong, and called for the release of the British media tycoon Jimmy Lai, who has been arbitrarily detained there.

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But it insisted the meeting was “constructive across the full breadth of the bilateral relationship” and both sides committed to “regular discussions” at ministerial level.

For that ultimately is what this trip is all about: re-establishing links with the Chinese government.

The government’s priority is economic growth, and that is hard without a working relationship with its fourth largest trading partner.

But when it comes to China, it still remains unclear where Labour will draw the line between challenging, competing and cooperating.

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No UK apology over slavery at Commonwealth

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No UK apology over slavery at Commonwealth

The government has said there will not be an apology over Britain’s role in the transatlantic slave trade when King Charles and Sir Keir Starmer visit the Commonwealth summit in Samoa next week.

A Downing Street spokesperson had already ruled out financial reparations.

Last year, the King spoke of his “greatest sorrow and regret” at the “wrongdoings” of the colonial era on a visit to Kenya, but stopped short of an apology, which would have depended on the agreement of ministers.

The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, to be held in Samoa on 25 and 26 October, will bring together the leaders of 56 countries.

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But even if the issue of historic links to slavery is raised at the summit, the UK government has told the BBC there are no plans for a symbolic apology.

Instead the focus will be on current issues, a government spokesperson said, such as “shared challenges and opportunities faced by the Commonwealth, including driving growth across our economies”.

Speeches from monarchs are made on the advice of ministers. This means the King would be unable to make an apology over the UK’s links to slavery unless he had the approval of the government.

Labour MPs including Bell Ribeiro-Addy had called for the UK government to officially apologise for its participation in the slave trade.

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David Lammy, as an MP on the opposition benches in 2018, had said: “As Caribbean people we are not going to forget our history. We don’t just want to hear an apology, we want reparations.”

But with Labour now in power, Downing Street has ruled out an apology over slavery and ended speculation of any statement at the Commonwealth meeting in Samoa, which would have been the first international platform for such an apology to take place.

It means that the policy of not apologising continues from the previous government, when prime minister Rishi Sunak last year rejected the idea and said “trying to unpick our history is not the right way forward”.

Opponents of an apology have pointed to Britain’s prominent role in ending slavery, including legislation in 1807 to abolish the slave trade.

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Discussions of formal apologies or reparations could still be raised by other countries, with Caribbean leaders having argued for some financial recognition of the legacy of slavery, with figures of £200bn being quoted.

The Commonwealth summit will also vote on a new secretary-general and all three of the candidates are supporters of reparations for transatlantic slavery.

It is an issue which strongly divides the public, including readers of the BBC’s Royal Watch newsletter, who got in touch by email.

“Those of us living now should not be made to feel guilty or apologise for something that had absolutely nothing to do with us,” Ruth, from the UK, said.

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“We don’t like what happened, but we weren’t around then, so why should we say sorry?”

Ronald, from Bristol in the UK, took the opposite view.

“A sincere apology would acknowledge that grievance and, in my view, would go some way to assuaging the sense of injustice,” he said.

Sarah, in Ghana, said it would be “humane” of the King to deliver an apology.

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“I believe it will go a long way to healing wounds caused by the slave trade,” she said.

The King and Queen Camilla arrived in Australia on Friday to begin their six-day tour of the country, which will be followed next week by the Commonwealth summit in Samoa.

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Labour says it will cut benefits bill in its own way

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Labour says it will cut benefits bill in its own way

The government says “radical” reform of the system for getting people off sick back into work will help it slash the welfare bill.

Government sources have confirmed Labour is looking to “deliver savings” on the amount is spends on welfare in 30 October’s Budget.

But it says the savings will be delivered through “our own reforms” – rather than Conservative plans.

It comes after reports Chancellor Rachel Reeves is considering sticking with Conservative plans to restrict access to benefits on the grounds of ill-health.

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The government has not ruled this out, but is emphasising its own plans to “radically” shake up benefits for people whose health limits their ability to work.

Planned changes – in a draft blueprint entitled Get Britain Working – are expected to be published later this autumn.

Labour wants to make changes to the Work Capability Assessment, which is used to determine if people can receive additional income-related benefits because of a health condition or disability.

It is promising a “proper plan to support disabled people to work”, as well as an as-yet unspecified plan to ensure every young person aged 18 to 21 is either “earning or learning”.

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The changes will come alongside Health Secretary Wes Streeting’s plan to send “crack teams” of doctors to hospitals in areas with highest number of people off sick.

It has named Newcastle, Bolton and Blackpool as three cities where doctors will be sent to help people get back into the workforce.

Economic inactivity has spiralled post-pandemic, now affecting 9.3 million people who are neither in work nor looking for a job – a rise of 713,000 since Covid.

One in eight young people are now neither in education nor work.

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New statistics show that 1.8 million inactive people – including 600,000 who are long-term sick – want to get back to work.

Kendall called the new figures “a shocking indictment of the inheritance left by the Conservatives and a stain on our nation”.

“The UK continues to be the only major economy whose employment rate hasn’t recovered from the pandemic,” she said.

“We will harness all the skills of the British people to get our country working again and our economy growing again.”

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The reforms promise a major overhaul, combining Job Centres with the National Careers Service to offer better support and empowering local leaders to come up with solutions for boosting employment.

In the run up to the Budget, there has been speculation Chancellor Rachel Reeves is considering welfare cuts to help fill a reported £40bn spending gap.

The Work Capability Assessment decides what work-related conditions claimants must meet in order to keep getting benefits in full, and whether they are eligible for top-up payments.

Reeves is reportedly planning to stick with plans announced by her Conservative predecessor Jeremy Hunt to make changes to the test, which the Tories claimed would save an estimated £1.3bn a year by 2028-29.

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The government also inherited a public consultation on changing Personal Independence Payments (PIP), a separate payment paid to working-aged people, including those in work, to cover additional health-related costs.

Changes considered by the Tories included replacing monthly cash payments with a vouchers system or one-off grants towards particular costs.

To date, Liz Kendall has not said whether she supports or opposes the thrust of her Tory predecessor’s proposals.

Employment Minister Alison McGovern told Radio 4’s Today programme: “If we do the same as the Tories have done for 14 years, we’ll have the same failure.”

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Faster grid hook-ups planned for some green energy projects

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PA Wind turbines with an electricity pylon against a clear blue skyPA

Wind and solar farms that are ready to be built would be allowed to jump the queue for a connection to the UK’s electricity system under government plans.

All energy schemes which need a connection to the National Grid are currently in a single queue which operates on a “first-come-first-served” basis.

Some projects face waiting times stretching long into the next decade to get connected.

The government wants to speed up projects that will help it meet its goal of decarbonising power generation in the UK by 2030.

Some industry sources say it would be a welcome move but others warn that there is a “real risk” of legal challenges from projects which lose out.

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The previous government brought in powers to weed out projects from the queue which were not ready to start, under a “first ready, first connected” system.

It followed complaints that so-called “zombie projects,” which have little or no chance of being built, are blocking the way of those which are ready to go.

Now plans are under way for the creation of what is essentially a new grouping of energy projects, which will run on a “first ready and needed, first connected” system, leapfrogging over other projects in the queue.

The “needed” element refers to projects which are needed for clean power by 2030.

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The plans are being developed by the National Energy System Operator (NESO), a new publicly-owned body tasked with connecting generation projects to the grid.

They would need to be approved by the energy regulator Ofgem, with connections intended to start by the end of 2025.

NESO said: “This is a complex challenge, and it’s important we get it right.”

But the industry is calling for more clarity, amid concerns about legal challenges from companies waiting to get connected in the current queue who may find their dates are being pushed back.

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Charles Wood, deputy director of Energy UK, said it was “positive” that the government appeared to have acknowledged the threat of legal challenges.

But he said he would like to see more engagement from senior ministers to “address uncertainty” about the plans for network upgrades.

Merlin Hyman, chief executive of energy think tank Regen, said the plans to allow some projects to jump the queue made “a lot of sense” as the current system was “not fit for purpose”.

But he added: “Such a fundamental change is inevitably causing uncertainty for project developers and we need urgently to provide the clarity and certainty needed to unlock investment at the speed and scale required”.

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It comes after initial attempts to purge the existing queue for connection of so-called “zombie projects” resulted in only 10 GW of connection being struck off, according to the Energy Networks Association.

This year, Ofgem put the size of the existing queue at 701 GW, and it’s expected to reach 800 GW by the end of 2024, which is far more than the UK would need by 2050.

A Department for Energy Security and Net Zero spokesperson said it planned to submit proposals for reform to Ofgem by the end of the year.

“This includes speeding up the process and reforming the system to remove stalled projects from the queue, so projects which support our 2030 clean power goal can be connected fast,” the spokesperson added.

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