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Navy leader touts new strategy that moves away from aircraft carriers

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Navy leader touts new strategy that moves away from aircraft carriers

WASHINGTON (AP) — The U.S. Navy’s top uniformed officer wants to convince commanders to use smaller, newer assets for missions instead of consistently turning to huge aircraft carriers — as seen now in the American military buildups off Venezuela and Iran.

Adm. Daryl Caudle’s vision — what he calls his “ Fighting Instructions ” — calls for the Navy to deploy more tailored groups of ships and equipment that would offer the sea service more flexibility to respond to crises as they develop.

The new strategy comes as the Trump administration has moved aircraft carriers and other ships to regions around the world as concerns have cropped up, often disrupting standing deployment plans, scrambling ships to sail thousands of miles and putting increasing strain on vessels and equipment that are already facing mounting maintenance issues.

The world’s largest aircraft carrier, the USS Gerald R. Ford, was redirected late last year from the Mediterranean Sea to the Caribbean Sea, where the crew ultimately supported last month’s operation to capture then-Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro. And two weeks ago, the USS Abraham Lincoln arrived in the Middle East as tensions with Iran rise, having been pulled from the South China Sea.

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In a recent interview with The Associated Press before the document’s rollout, Caudle said his strategy would make the Navy’s presence in regions like the Caribbean much leaner and better tailored to meet actual threats.

Caudle said he’s already spoken with the commander of U.S. Southern Command, which encompasses the Caribbean and Venezuela, “and we’re in negotiation on what his problem set is — I want to be able to convey that I can meet that with a tailored package there.”

Admiral sees a smaller contingent in the Caribbean in the future

Speaking broadly, Caudle said he envisions the mission in the Caribbean focusing more on interdictions and keeping an eye on merchant shipping.

The U.S. military has already seized multiple suspicious and falsely flagged tankers connected with Venezuela that were part of a global shadow fleet of merchant vessels that help governments evade sanctions.

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“That doesn’t really require a carrier strike group to do that,” Caudle said, adding that he believes the mission could be done with some smaller littoral combat ships, Navy helicopters and close coordination with the Coast Guard.

The Navy has had 11 ships, including the Ford and several amphibious assault ships with thousands of Marines, in South American waters for months. It is a major shift for a region that has historically seen deployments of one or two smaller Navy ships.

“I don’t want a lot of destroyers there driving around just to actually operate the radar to get awareness on motor vessels and other tankers coming out of port,” Caudle said. “It’s really not a well-suited match for that mission.”

Turning to drones or robotic systems

To compensate, Caudle envisions leaning more heavily on drones or other robotic systems to offer military commanders the same capabilities but with less investment from Navy ships. He acknowledges this will not be an easy sell.

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Caudle said even if a commander knows about a new capability, the staff “may not know how to ask for that, integrate it, and know how to employ it in an effective way to bring this new niche capability to bear.”

“That requires a bit of an education campaign here,” he later added.

President Donald Trump has favored large and bold responses from the Navy and has leaned heavily toward displays of firepower.

Trump has referred to aircraft carriers and their accompanying destroyers as armadas and flotillas. He also revived the historic battleship title for a planned type of ship that would sport hypersonic missiles, nuclear cruise missiles, rail guns and high-powered lasers.

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If built, the proposed “Trump-class battleship” would be longer and larger than the World War II-era Iowa-class battleships, though the Navy has not only struggled to field some of the technologies that Trump says will be aboard but it has had challenges building even smaller, less sophisticated ships on time and on budget.

Given this trend, Caudle said if the Lincoln’s recent redeployment to the Middle East were to happen under his new plan, he would talk with the Indo-Pacific commander about how to compensate for the loss.

“So, as Abraham Lincoln comes out, I’ve got a three ship (group) that’s going to compensate for that,” Caudle suggested as an example.

Caudle argues that his vision already is in place and working in Europe and North America “for the last four or five years.”

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He said this could apply soon in the Bering Strait, which separates Russia and Alaska, noting that “the importance of the Arctic continues to get more and more prevalent” as China, Russia and the U.S. prioritize the region.

Trump has cited the threat from China and Russia in his demands to take over Greenland, the Arctic island overseen by NATO ally Denmark.

Caudle said he knows he needs to offer the commanders in that region “more solutions” and his “tailored force packages would be a way to get after that.”

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Liam Rosenior expected mockery at Chelsea because of ‘different background’

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Liam Rosenior expected mockery at Chelsea because of ‘different background’

Rosenior reiterated: “I expected it. Look, I don’t know if you’re trying to lead me to say anything. It doesn’t affect me. I’ve been prepared to do this job for years, for decades, and I knew what would come with it. And it actually doesn’t affect me at all, because I know the focus is doing the job and enjoying it.

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Coronation Street spoilers as murder twist rocks Betsy Swain, Carl plots and Megan ‘caught’

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Manchester Evening News

There’s also concern for Debbie in prison, while Jodie tries to get closer to David

A murder twist is set to rock Betsy Swain in Coronation Street next week – but viewers will have to wait even longer to find out who has actually died.

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New spoilers for the ITV soap have revealed how the teenager will be the one to discover a dead body next week as part of a previously confirmed that a special flashforward will see an unknown character dead on the street before revealing the five potential victims it could be, in what has been described as a complicated and intricate storyline.

Now, it’s been revealed that next Monday (February 16), the episode begins with a jittery Betsy being quizzed by the police about finding a dead body, as the detective restarts the tape, it is revealed that the interview is actually happening on a date in April.

The episode alternates between real time and the day of the murder and ends with the reveal of 5 potential victims. Who has been murdered and who is the killer in Weatherfield?

Elsewhere on the cobbles next week, Carl Webster calls a mate, Jez, and talks him through his plans for the Chariot Square hotel fire. Jez calls at the hotel and introduces himself to Ronnie Bailey, making out he’s a handyman looking for work. While Ronnie’s distracted, Jez takes photos of the fire exits and cameras then hurries out.

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Later, Carl goes over the details of the fire with Jez but as Carl heads off, Ronnie approaches Jez, takes a picture of him on his phone and warns him that Carl is bad news. Ronnie then confronts Carl and spells out that whatever he was plotting, he can forget it as he’s got Debbie Webster’s back. But when Carl drops that Debbie is his mum and will always put him first, how will Ronnie react?

Meanwhile, in prison, Debbie calls Lou Micahelis ‘Abi’ by mistake and explains that she’s got onset dementia. Also in the prison, another inmate, Paula, recognises Debbie. Lou warns Debbie that Paula is bad news and is best avoided but as Lou heads off, Paula marks Debbie’s card and reminds her that she once barred her from the hotel. Is Debbie in danger?

Later, in her cell, Debbie’s minding her own business when suddenly, Paula barges her way in, bursts into tears and explains to Debbie how her boyfriend has dumped her, and he’s doing time for aggravated burglary. When Debbie tries to comfort her, how will Paula react?

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When Ronnie and Kevin visit Debbie, Ronnie reveals that Carl reckons she’s his mum and Debbie admits it’s true. When Ronnie heads back to the street and finds Carl, what will he do? Well, later, Carl tells Kit that he wants to report Ronnie for assault. Meanwhile, in the prison, Debbie’s shocked when the guard reveals that her brother Carl has booked a visit. Once in the prison visiting room, Debbie assures Carl that once she gets out she’ll do everything she can to make it up to him.

Also in Weatherfield, Sam Blakeman tells Daniel Osbourne that with Leanne Battersby away, he’s intending to revise in the salon flat. Meanwhile, Megan Walsh takes a call from Will and informs him that she’s got the flat to herself for a few nights. Will Driscoll lies to his dad, Ben, making out that his mate Ethan has invited him over to stay the night but Ben refuses to let him go.

When Daniel calls at the Rovers and reluctantly apologises to Will, Ben’s impressed by Will’s maturity when he shakes Daniel’s hand and tells him he can stay at his mate’s after all. Will approaches the salon flat carrying his holdall while Sam watches as Megan buzzes him in. Is Sam getting closer to the truth?

Later, Sam lets himself into the salon flat and startles Megan. Once Megan is gone, Sam clears some space on a shelf. Megan tells Will about Sam, how he let himself into the flat and they need to get him on side, so Will forms a plan.

In the Bistro, Will dismisses Nick Tilsley’s concern about Sam, then later offers Sam vodka to hang out, Sam accepts, hoping to pump him for information. In the precinct, Will assures Sam that his relationship with Megan is purely professional.

Sam doesn’t believe him, but they’re interrupted by Daniel, causing Will to run and leave Sam to take the blame. Later, Sam is thrilled to finally log onto his hidden camera app and see Megan and Will enter the flat.

Later, Nick finally returns Sam’s phone but he’s frustrated to realise the battery’s flat. Eva Price invites Toyah Battersby to join her, Leanne and Megan for a girls night out. Leanne teases Megan and tells Toyah and Eva how she reckons Megan and Daniel have been using the flat as their love nest.

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As Megan heads to the bar she grabs a quiet word with Sam and spells out that if he ever decides to blab, nobody will believe him as he’s not as clever as he thinks. Having recharged his phone, Sam watches the video from the hidden camera. Does Sam have his proof?

Next week’s Corrie will also see Mal Roper show Brian Packer a bag of crystals that he’s bought and explains that he’s learning about their healing properties but Bernie Winter’s annoyed, sensing that he’s trying to impress her. When Jodie Ramsay serves Brian with the wrong toastie, Bernie snaps at her. As Jodie clocks Bernie’s irritation at Mal, how will she get her own back?

Later, Mal quizzes Chesney, wanting to know which is Bernie’s favourite crystal, while Lily Platt sets off on her first paper round. But she dumps the newspapers in a bin. Hope Dobbs retrieves the papers and returns them to Rita Tanner and tries to secure her help for her Duke of Edinburgh badge, but is poorly received when she makes a dig at Rita’s age.

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Later, David Platt returns home to find Jodie and Carl in a state of undress. David’s horrified and orders Carl out of the house but Jodie’s pleased to have David’s attention. Meanwhile, Brian tells David and Shona he needs a word about Lily. Jodie steers Lily into the Kabin and prompts her to apologise to Brian. But when a remorseless Lily asks for her job back, Brian refuses.

As the week draws to a close, Jodie tells Hope how appallingly Brian and Rita treated Lily. When Hope sticks up for them, Jodie sews the seed that whilst they might be nice to her face, they’re probably slagging her off behind her back. In the Kabin, Hope listens as Brian and Rita discuss her troubled past. How will Hope get her payback?

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The toll growing up with pets takes on children’s mental health

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The toll growing up with pets takes on children’s mental health

Questions like “will getting a pet benefit our child’s mental health?” are increasingly common and pertinent. In Spain, for instance, more than half of all households now have one or more pets.

Attachment is the name for the emotional bond between a developing child and the caregiver who provides them with security and comfort. This kind of bond can also, to a certain extent, also be formed with animals, and these relationships have been shown to have a range of beneficial effects:

  • They boost emotional regulation, helping children learn to calm themselves
  • They build responsibility, empathy and moral standards
  • They “catalyse” relationships with people, for instance when a pet forms a point of common interest between a child and a family member they don’t know so well
  • They support prosocial behaviour
  • They help build understanding of nonverbal communication
  • They can function as a comfort object, taking the place of the child’s primary attachment when that person is not present.

But beyond these benefits, how does living alongside an animal impact children’s mental health? We can answer this question by looking at issues categorised as either internalising (such as depression, anxiety and their related physical symptoms) and externalising (a child’s behaviour and relationship with their environment: agression, rulebreaking, and so on).

The INMA study

We analysed data provided by the INMA Project (Infancia y Medio Ambiente, Children and Environment). This was a cohort study, meaning it involved periodic monitoring of a group of participants – in this case, from pregnancy to 6-7 years of age – through questionnaires, environmental measurements and clinical tests.

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Our work included around 1,900 households in Spain, located in Asturias, Gipuzkoa (Basque Country), Sabadell (Barcelona) and Valencia. Of these, 52.3% had or had had one or more pets. 19.1% lived or had lived with dogs, 8.7% with cats, 14.8% with birds, and 28.6% with other animals such as hamsters, rabbits, turtles or fish.

When we evaluated the relationship between the presence of animals and mental health, we observed that children who had never had a pet showed the most positive scores. Some trends, although they cannot be considered significant, showed slightly more negative results among children who had always lived with pets. Those who had only had pets intermittently had higher risks of experiencing problems, though this pattern was only significant for cats.

To account for other factors that might influence this relationship, we performed additional analyses to adjust the results according to social class, sex, age, cohort, and so on. We found no difference between those who had never lived with animals and those who had had them always or only intermittently. This applied to the variable that studied any type of pet, as well as the specific ones that evaluated the relationship with dogs and birds.

The most interesting finding was that having a cat at age 4-5 was associated with more mental health problems
The most interesting finding was that having a cat at age 4-5 was associated with more mental health problems (Getty/iStock)

The most interesting finding was that having a cat at age 4-5 was associated with more mental health problems. Having other animals – such as hamsters, rabbits, turtles or fish – consistently throughout early childhood seemed to have a protective effect on boys and girls alike.

Unpacking our findings

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In the early years of life, emotional bonds may not be fully formed. Therefore, the presence of dogs or birds may not have a major effect on mental health. It is also possible that variables not included in our study may have influenced the results.

In the case of cats, their way of interacting with people could explain the effects observed. They are more independent, which limits emotional bonding, and some families may choose this animal as a pet because their children have emotional needs of their own.

In addition, toxoplasmosis is more common in cats than in other animals. This infection – caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii which can be transmitted to humans – is linked to behavioural problems, as well as serious mental disorders such as bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.

About the authors

Llúcia González Safont is an Investigadora del Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) y miembro de la Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Epidemiología, Ambiente y Salud FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I -Universitat de València, Fisabio. Blanca Sarzo Carles is an Investigador postdoctoral. Bioestadística, Fisabio. Marisa Estarlich Estarlich is a Profesora contratada doctor, Universitat de València. This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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Having fish, turtles and hamsters on a constant basis does seem to protect children from mental health problems. These pets demand stable and easy contact, and help kids to learn responsibility, empathy and self-control.

Constant bonds are better

Our study did not clearly associate the presence of some pets, such as dogs and birds, with benefits or harm to childrens’ mental health. This could be because our work focused on exposure to pets in very early life – further studies focusing on older children are required.

In addition, children who lived with animals such as hamsters, rabbits, fish or turtles on a regular basis achieved better results than those who only had them intermittently. This suggests that a continuous link may be more beneficial than sporadic exposure.

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While living with a pet can promote responsibility, empathy and emotional self-regulation, its real impact depends on factors such as the nature of the bond, age and style of upbringing.

A weekly e-mail in English featuring expertise from scholars and researchers. It provides an introduction to the diversity of research coming out of the continent and considers some of the key issues facing European countries. Get the newsletter!

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North Yorkshire Moors Railway launches bridge appeal

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North Yorkshire Moors Railway launches bridge appeal

The North Yorkshire Moors Railway (NYMR) is aiming to raise at least £800,000 to fund urgent repairs to Bridge 42, which crosses the River Murk Esk.

The temporary propping will allow the bridge to remain in use for the 2026 season.

Phil Sash, director of civils at NYMR, said: “Propping Bridge 42 is a carefully considered solution that keeps the bridge fully operational for the upcoming season.

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“It also gives us the time needed to develop a detailed repair programme, which will be implemented over the winter months to secure the long-term safety and performance of this important structure.

“That said, propping does come with challenges due to the bridge’s location and access.

“The final cost of the project with propping and full repair works will be confirmed once we have received all final surveys and quotations – we are currently awaiting responses from five contractors.”

Temporary supports will be installed to ensure trains can safely cross the bridge throughout the 2026 season.

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A full repair programme will then be carried out during the winter of 2026/27 to restore the bridge’s long-term structural integrity.

The work will allow NYMR to continue operating without interruption while protecting the heritage railway for future generations.

Laura Strangeway, CEO at NYMR, said: “Our heritage railway is at the heart of the local community, and it’s important that we continue to provide a safe and enjoyable experience for all our visitors.

“The proactive measures for Bridge 42 reflect our commitment to both operational safety and the long-term preservation of this historic line.”

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The NYMR has launched a major appeal to help cover the costs of propping and repairing the bridge.

Supporters can contribute by visiting nymr.co.uk/bridge42.

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William to meet female footballers during Saudi Arabia tour

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William to meet female footballers during Saudi Arabia tour

He will tour a section of the 83-mile Sports Boulevard which connects cycling paths, horse trails, green parks and cultural landmarks – a project supporting the core quality-of-life initiative of Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030, which aims to transform the kingdom into a diversified and sustainable economy.

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Lindsey Vonn has ‘no regrets’ after suffering leg fracture in Winter Olympics crash | World News

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Lindsey Vonn. Pic: Reuters

US skier Lindsey Vonn says she has “no regrets” despite confirming she needs “multiple surgeries” after suffering a leg fracture in a crash at the Winter Olympics. 

The 41-year-old was competing in the women’s downhill skiing final on Sunday in Cortina, northern Italy, when she crashed on the piste after clipping a slalom gate while midair.

The crash, occurring just 13 seconds into the run, resulted in Vonn, who was airlifted to hospital, sustaining a “complex tibia fracture” and undergoing initial surgery.

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Lindsey Vonn crashes 13 seconds into her run. Pic: AP

She had already ruptured her ACL in a crash at a World Cup race in Switzerland on 30 January but was determined to compete at her fifth and final Games.

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In an Instagram post on Monday, Vonn said: “Yesterday my Olympic dream did not finish the way I dreamt it would.

“It wasn’t a story book ending or a fairy tale, it was just life.

“Unfortunately, I sustained a complex tibia fracture that is currently stable but will require multiple surgeries to fix properly.

“While yesterday did not end the way I had hoped, and despite the intense physical pain it caused, I have no regrets.”

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Despite coming into the Winter Olympics with injury, Vonn was still considered a medal hopeful and completed two impressive training runs earlier in the week.

The 2010 downhill champion had returned to elite ski racing last season after nearly six years in retirement, having had a partial knee replacement on her right leg.

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She said her past injuries “had nothing to do with my crash whatsoever”.

Taking risks ‘the beauty of life’

In her social media message, Vonn acknowledged the dangers of ski racing but insisted having the chance to compete “was an incredible feeling that I will never forget”.

“Knowing I stood there having a chance to win was a victory in and of itself,” she said. “I also knew that racing was a risk. It always was and always will be an incredibly dangerous sport.

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“And similar to ski racing, we take risks in life.

“We dream. We love. We jump. And sometimes we fall. Sometimes our hearts are broken. Sometimes we don’t achieve the dreams we know we could have. But that is also the beauty of life; we can try.

“I tried. I dreamt. I jumped.”

Read more:
Should Vonn have even been competing?
Water cannon and tear gas fired at protesters

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International Olympic Committee (IOC) sports director Pierre Ducrey said the decision for Vonn to compete was entirely her own.

He said: “She was able to train and make the choice with the excellent team that she has to take part.”

Mr Ducrey said it wasn’t for the IOC to say whether she should have participated, adding: “This decision was really hers and her team’s to take.”

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Watch: Moment bird strike hits NI-bound EasyJet flight on take-off forcing it to turn around

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Belfast Live

A loud bang is heard before passengers react

Moment bird strikes plane

Passengers on a homeward-bound flight to Northern Ireland experienced a more nerve-racking flight than usual when a bird strike occurred shortly after take-off yesterday.

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One passenger captured the event on video which featured a loud bang from the bird striking the plane. The incident occurred on the Airbus A320 Neo aircraft – EasyJet 3052/U23052 – after it departed Amsterdam Airport Schiphol on Sunday evening, destined for Belfast.

But, after a bird impacted with the aircraft, it diverted back to Schiphol Airport as it completed a loop over the ocean before heading inland to it’s departure location.

The passenger not knowing fully what was going to happen after the bird hit the plane labelled the encounter as a “scary” experience.

READ MORE: EasyJet Belfast-bound flight forced to turn back over ‘bird-strike’READ MORE: ‘Serious’ two vehicle collision in Belfast sees PSNI attend incident

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They added: “I am just glad we made it safely back on the ground.”

An update at the time from EasyJet read: “We’re sorry that your flight has been returned to Amsterdam. This is because the plane needs to be inspected by our engineers following a bird strike.”

“This can take between 30 minutes to two hours and we’ll keep you updated as soon as we know more. The safety of you and our crew is our highest priority and we thank you for your patience.”

Bird strikes are a common occurrence and a regular hazard for air travel with thousands of incidents reported from around the world annually.

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Belfast Live has approached EasyJet for an updated comment.

For all the latest news, visit the Belfast Live homepage here and sign up to our daily newsletter here.

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What is Epidermolysis Bullosa? Eddie Vedder’s new Netflix documentary raises awareness of heartbreaking skin condition

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What is Epidermolysis Bullosa? Eddie Vedder’s new Netflix documentary raises awareness of heartbreaking skin condition

Eddie Vedder is at the heart of Matter of Time, which arrives on Netflix this Monday, February 9, but the new documentary does not focus on the singer’s storied exploits with his band Pearl Jam.

Instead, the film tells the story of Vedder’s solo concerts in Seattle in October 2023, organized to raise money for clinical research into Epidermolysis Bullosa.

Epidermolysis Bullosa is a rare, life-threatening genetic skin disorder that mostly affects children. The condition causes fragile, blistering skin, and those who have it are sometimes called “butterfly children” as their skin is considered as fragile and easy-to-break as a butterfly’s wing.

People born with EB lack critical proteins that bind the skin’s two layers together. Without these proteins, the skin tears apart easily, leading to severe pain, disfigurement, and internal and external wounds.

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It is estimated that 500,000 people worldwide have EB. Those who have the most severe forms of EB can have a shortened life expectancy that ranges from early infancy to 30 years of age.

Eddie Vedder performing during the 'Matter Of Time' premiere at New York's Tribeca Festival in 2025

Eddie Vedder performing during the ‘Matter Of Time’ premiere at New York’s Tribeca Festival in 2025 (Mike Coppola/Getty Images for Tribeca Festival)
Epidermolysis Bullosa activist Lily Meyer, her brother Eli Meyer, who was born with EB, and Eddie Vedder at the ‘Matter Of Time’ premiere

Epidermolysis Bullosa activist Lily Meyer, her brother Eli Meyer, who was born with EB, and Eddie Vedder at the ‘Matter Of Time’ premiere (Mike Coppola/Getty Images for Tribeca Festival)

Vedder and his wife Jill became aware of the condition when a close friend of their family had a child born with it. In 2010, the couple co-founded the EB Research Partnership with a group of affected families. The charity has since become the largest organization funding research into EB, and they’ve set a goal of finding a cure for the disorder for 2030.

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Matter of Time, named for the belief that a cure is on the way, combines footage of Vedder’s concerts with real-life stories of the patients, families and researchers who have been affected by EB. It also features a score by indie rock band Broken Social Scene.

In a statement, Eddie Vedder said: “We are so grateful to the music community, and the entire team who made these concerts and this film possible. This is a story of hope, resilience, and the power of community.”

Michael Hund, the CEO of EB Research Partnership, added: “This film celebrates our community of courageous patients and families, and highlights the real scientific progress that is happening right now.

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“We are showing the world how rare diseases like EB can be cured, and we hope to take our model to thousands of other rare diseases. Our goal is to raise the visibility of this urgent cause and to inspire others to join us in our mission to cure EB by 2030.”

The film was directed by Canadian documentary maker Matt Finlin, who said: “The concert wasn’t just about music; it was about amplifying the voices of a small but mighty community that refuses to let this disease define them. Through the Vedders’ dedication and the efforts of everyone involved, this documentary demonstrates to the world how, even against all odds, real change is within reach.”

Last month, Emma Fogarty, who was born with EB, spoke to The Independent about her own experiences with the condition, and how actor Colin Farrell has come to her support.

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Councillor takes matters into own hands over “badly neglected” road signs

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“I cannot fix potholes myself, but I can at least make sure signs are clean, clear and readable,” he said.

A local councillor has said that he has been forced to take it upon himself to go out and clean road signs which have been “badly neglected” by the Department for Infrastructure.

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Alliance Councillor Aaron Skinner has been out and about in Carrickfergus and Greenisland over the weekend, cleaning a number of road signs.

Cllr Kinner said that while he can’t fix the potholes in the roads, he can at least do his bit to make the roads a bit safer.

“With road conditions continuing to deteriorate, I cannot fix potholes myself, but I can at least make sure signs are clean, clear and readable for drivers and pedestrians,” he said.

“Local DfI staff on the ground are working as hard as they can, but are being let down by a Department that is failing to provide the resources needed to keep roads safe and properly maintained.

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“While cleaning signs will not fix the wider problems, it is about doing something useful rather than standing back and accepting things as they are.”

A DFI spokesperson said: “The Department’s resource budget, which is used to deliver day-to-day maintenance activities, has been under significant pressure for over a decade.

“In response, the Department has had to reduce its routine road maintenance activities to a limited service, which prioritises public safety, with priority given to mandatory and warning signs.”

For all the latest news, visit the Belfast Live homepage here and sign up to our daily newsletter here.

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What a Renaissance plate reveals about a woman who shaped literary history

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What a Renaissance plate reveals about a woman who shaped literary history

The expression is: “handed to you on a silver plate”. But a recent breakthrough came to me on a painted ceramic one. Following the clues on that plate led me to solve a small historical puzzle: who once owned a Renaissance manuscript now held in Paris.

Known as a maiolica, the plate features three different imprese: that is, emblems used during the Renaissance as personal badges. Under a coat of arms is a music scroll bearing pauses and rests; on a balustrade in the foreground, the Latin motto Nec spe nec metu (neither by hope nor by fear), and, repeated twice, the most unassuming of all: a Latin numeral, XXVII.

I had seen that number years earlier, inside an embellishment on the first page of a manuscript at Paris’ Bibliothèque nationale de France, not far from where the plate was being shown, on a temporary loan from the V&A to the Al Thani Collection Foundation. The manuscript was a partial copy of a lost one, and I had been trying to figure out where it came from.

The coat of arms and the different imprese were all Isabella d’Este’s (1474–1539), Marchioness of Mantua, daughter of Duke Ercole I d’Este of Ferrara and Eleanor of Aragon. The answer was suddenly obvious: the Parisian manuscript was originally in her personal library.

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Portrait d’Isabelle d’Este by Leonardo da Vinci (1499).
Louvre

Despite marrying at just 16, Isabella was an extremely well-educated woman. This likely helped her to play her part in ruling Mantua, especially when her husband Francesco Gonzaga was away fighting in the Italian wars and then taken prisoner. She also had considerable personal financial resources, and was free to spend her money as she wished, enabling her to become the most significant female collector of the Italian Renaissance.

A patron of the arts, Isabella was portrayed in medals, paintings and drawings by several artists, including Leonardo da Vinci. To house her antiquities and artworks, she adapted some rooms within her apartments. One of them was known as her studiolo, a room dedicated to private reading and writing. Many leading artists were commissioned paintings to adorn it, as well as her new apartment in Mantua, where she moved after her husband’s death in 1519.

Isabella’s considerable library was also housed there. A partial inventory drawn up after her death reveals that it was more akin to the libraries of Renaissance elite men than courtly women. It consisted mostly of contemporary books and secular works, instead of inherited volumes and religious texts, and it contained an unusually high proportion of handwritten books.

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During her lifetime, Isabella used at least eight different imprese. These could be marks of possession, as seen with the Parisian manuscript and the V&A plate, as well as the other 23 surviving pieces of its dinner service. However, they were also intended to convey coded messages.

A Renaissance impresa contained some sort of personal statement, concerning its bearer’s situation, philosophy, aspirations, personal qualities. Unlike coats of arms, which were inherited, it expressed nothing related to family lines or social standing, could be used by anyone who decided to design one and altered or discarded at will.

Since its true meaning required interpretation, an impresa was often ambiguous. Isabella’s pauses and rests on a musical scroll could signify silence, a traditionally feminine virtue, but also, being symmetrical, a visual representation of the principle of balance – not unlike her Latin motto. Whatever its meaning, it was one of those Isabella chose to adorn the gowns she wore for special occasions, namely, her brother Alfonso’s wedding to Lucrezia Borgia in 1502.

Painting of gods being looked up to by men
One of the many paintings commissioned for Isabella’s studiolo, Parnassus by Andrea Mantegna (1496–1497).
Louvre

The marchioness did not appreciate overly complicated explanations of her imprese. In 1506, when the author Mario Equicola wrote a booklet on her Latin motto, she stated in a letter to the noblewoman who was protecting him at the time that “we did not have it created with as many mysteries as he has attributed to it”.

Isabella’s Latin motto was, unusually, reused by others, including one of her sons and a Spanish king. Not so the enigmatic XXVII. Its presence on the first page of the Parisian manuscript is therefore proof of Isabella’s ownership.

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Other evidence was already known. The Parisian manuscript is a partial copy of the lost Raccolta Aragonese, an anthology of rare early Italian poetry, gifted by the statesman Lorenzo de’ Medici to Federico d’Aragona, son of the king of Naples, around 1477. The last sovereign of his dynasty, Federico went into exile in France with his books.

After his death, most of them passed to his widow, who settled in Ferrara under the protection of Isabella’s family. Her letters reveal that in January 1512 she managed to borrow the collection:

“The book of the first vernacular poets that Your Majesty was so good as to lend me I will hold in all due respect and reverence, and it will not fall into the hands of anyone else. As soon as I have finished with it, I will send it back to Your Majesty, whom I thank for her great humanity toward me.”

Isabella was not lying. She wanted the book because of the rarity of its contents, and she liked to be the sole or near-sole owner of texts. We could already hypothesise that she had commissioned a copy, and we now know this to be true. Thanks to her initiative, these rare poems enjoyed wider circulation; but this is a result neither she nor her correspondent could have anticipated.

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