A pseudonymous defendant has asked a New York court to dismiss a lawsuit seeking ownership of 39,069 dormant Bitcoin addresses, arguing that Bitcoin addresses are simply public data and cannot be sued under the state’s jurisdictional rules.

In a motion filed Thursday, the defendant—using the name “John Doe 33”—contends that the plaintiff’s theory of “finding” and claiming abandoned property fails because a Bitcoin address is not a legal person or entity. The filing also challenges the effort to treat on-chain addresses as recoverable under New York lost-property law.

Key takeaways

• The motion argues that Bitcoin addresses are data strings that cannot be the subject of a lawsuit, rather than legal entities that courts can exercise jurisdiction over.
• The plaintiffs’ lost-property claim is framed as legally defective because the addresses were always publicly visible on the blockchain.
• Even if ownership were determined, recovering the Bitcoin would still require access to the corresponding private keys.
• Blockchain-linked reporting cited in the case suggests the defendant may control a long-dormant wallet holding roughly 5,000 BTC.

Why the court fight centers on “addresses” rather than keys

The lawsuit, filed in May by plaintiff “Noah Doe” along with two Wyoming-based LLCs identified as ABC Company and XYZ Company, targets what it describes as abandoned Bitcoin associated with 39,069 dormant addresses. The plaintiffs allege the Bitcoin tied to those addresses is abandoned property, which they reported to the New York Police Department before asserting claims under New York lost-property law.

In the motion to dismiss, John Doe 33 argues the complaint is legally defective for a threshold reason: Bitcoin addresses are not “persons” or legal entities and therefore cannot be sued. The filing further claims that the plaintiffs cannot establish that an address was “found,” as required by lost-property concepts, because the relevant address information has been publicly viewable on the blockchain since the coins were received.

For investors and builders, the procedural dispute matters because it goes beyond a single wallet list. It asks whether traditional legal frameworks for identifying owners and claiming property can map onto the blockchain’s structure—where addresses are public identifiers and control is enforced through private keys rather than through legal status.

The alleged “abandoned” wallets include famous names

The complaint lists 39,069 Bitcoin addresses that include wallets widely associated with well-known Bitcoin labels, such as addresses attributed to Bitcoin creator Satoshi Nakamoto and to the Mt. Gox hacker. The addresses collectively are reported—via an estimate attributed to Sani, founder of Bitcoin analytics platform Timechain Index—to hold roughly 3.7 million BTC, valued at about $234 billion at the time of that estimate.

That scale is a key reason the case has attracted attention. A ruling could influence how courts treat claims that attempt to convert blockchain identifiers into claimable “property” within existing state laws.

At the same time, the filing acknowledges a practical hurdle that remains independent of any jurisdictional debate: even if the court were to rule on ownership of the assets associated with the addresses, the plaintiffs would still need the private keys to move any Bitcoin. Without those keys, the Bitcoin remains inaccessible regardless of how a court characterizes ownership or abandonment.

Defendant says they control a long-dormant wallet

Separate from the legal arguments, the motion’s credibility is bolstered—at least in part—by blockchain data cited in public commentary. According to an X post on Friday by Alex Thorn, head of research at Galaxy Digital, blockchain information suggests John Doe 33 controls a wallet that received 5,000 BTC in April 2014 and has remained untouched for more than 12 years.

Thorn indicated the wallet’s current value is above $300 million at prevailing market prices, and he characterized the defendant as a “real holder” with meaningful standing rather than a bystander who could be targeted without any real ability to defend the claim.

Thorn also wrote that the filing helped avoid what had been described as a “near-certain” default judgment, while simultaneously challenging jurisdictional and statutory defects raised by the plaintiffs’ approach.

Dormancy data underscores why recovery questions persist

Beyond the specific defendants and plaintiffs, the broader question of what happens to lost or inaccessible Bitcoin continues to drive legal scrutiny. Bitbo data cited in the reporting indicates that about 3.5 million BTC, valued around $215 billion, have been dormant for at least 10 years, while another 6.6 million coins—worth roughly $406 billion—have been dormant for over five years.

Those figures highlight a persistent imbalance in how on-chain “time” translates to legal rights. Blockchain dormancy may signal lost control, but it does not automatically yield a mechanism for third parties to access private keys. This case, therefore, tests whether legal systems can bridge the gap between public address records and the cryptographic controls that govern ownership in practice.

For readers tracking regulation and legal precedent in crypto, the important development is not only who named which addresses, but how courts handle the mismatch between legal concepts like “found property” and the blockchain reality that addresses are public labels—while control is determined privately.

As the New York case progresses, the key questions to watch are whether the court agrees that addresses cannot be sued as entities, and—if the case survives procedural challenges—what standard it may apply to abandonment and recoverability when private keys are necessary to access any funds.

Chris Larsen has reportedly backed a derivatives startup founded by the son of US Senator Kirsten Gillibrand as lawmakers continue negotiating the CLARITY Act, a crypto market structure bill expected to shape the industry’s regulatory framework.

According to a Thursday report by Politico, Ripple co-founder and executive chair Chris Larsen was among the investors supporting the American Perpetuals Exchange Corp. (APEC), a derivatives platform founded by Theodore Gillibrand. The report said the company raised roughly $30 million, with most individual investors contributing between $5,000 and $10,000, though Larsen’s exact investment amount was not disclosed.

The reported investment comes while Senator Gillibrand remains involved in Senate negotiations over ethics provisions tied to the Digital Asset Market Clarity (CLARITY) Act. The proposed legislation is expected to affect digital asset companies operating in the United States, including Ripple.

Larsen remains closely watched by the XRP community

Separately, Larsen has remained under close observation by XRP investors because of his large cryptocurrency holdings and past wallet activity. Blockchain data previously showed wallets linked to the Ripple executive becoming active before notable political and market events.

Crypto.news reported in May that Larsen controls an estimated 2.58 billion XRP across eight wallets tracked on XRPScan, making him one of the largest known individual XRP holders. The publication also noted that dormant wallets linked to Larsen resumed activity in January 2025, transferring more than $109 million worth of XRP to exchanges including Coinbase, Bitstamp and Bybit. 

Later, blockchain investigator ZachXBT reported that Larsen-linked addresses moved another 50 million XRP, with roughly $140 million eventually reaching exchanges while XRP traded near record highs.

In the meantime, Democratic lawmakers have continued pressing Republicans to include stronger ethics language in the CLARITY Act, citing President Donald Trump’s connections to the cryptocurrency industry.

The Senate has only a limited window to complete work on the CLARITY Act before lawmakers leave Washington again. Following the Independence Day recess, senators are scheduled to return on July 13 before another month-long state work period begins in August, narrowing the available time to pass the legislation before the US election period is expected to slow congressional activity.

Republican lawmakers, who hold a narrow Senate majority, have indicated they expect the bill to pass the chamber during July. Senator Cynthia Lummis said in June that negotiations were still covering ethics provisions, decentralized finance, and illicit finance issues. Because the legislation requires 60 votes in the Senate, Republican lawmakers will need Democratic support for the measure to advance.

Bitcoin options traders faced another large expiry on July 3, with 31,000 BTC contracts settling at a notional value of about $1.9 billion. 

GreeksLive said in a July 3 update that the batch had a put-call ratio of 0.7 and a maximum pain point of $61,000.

The same update showed 135,000 ETH options expiring with a notional value of about $230 million. Ether’s put-call ratio stood at 1.29, while its maximum pain level was $1,650. The higher put ratio showed stronger demand for downside protection in ETH than in BTC.

Bitcoin reclaims $60K, but risks remain

Bitcoin moved back above the $60,000 level this week, but options data still showed a defensive market. GreeksLive said BTC gamma exposure was concentrated around $60,000, while ETH gamma exposure was centered near $1,700. Those zones may keep short-term price action tied to key strike levels.

In a separate market note, GreeksLive said BTC’s 25-delta skew remained negative across short-term maturities. The firm said puts continued to trade at a premium to calls, with the strongest demand focused on near-term contracts. That suggests traders are hedging immediate downside risk rather than changing long-term expectations.

ETF flows add pressure to sentiment

The cautious options setup follows several weeks of weak spot demand. Bitcoin recently reclaimed $60,000 after softer U.S. macro expectations and easing oil prices helped risk assets recover. However, the same report noted that U.S. spot Bitcoin ETF outflows continued to weigh on the rebound.

Previously, crypto.news reported that Bitcoin struggled to break above $60,000 as options flows and ETF selling kept buyers cautious. The report said U.S. spot Bitcoin ETFs saw nearly $1.79 billion in weekly outflows, their largest withdrawal of 2026.

Earlier expiries showed the same pattern

The July 3 expiry was smaller than last week’s end-of-quarter event, when BTC and ETH faced about $11 billion in expiring options. That larger settlement kept the $60,000 to $62,000 BTC range under close watch as traders tracked hedging flows around major strikes.

As previously reported, another June expiry put the same $60K support zone in focus. GreeksLive said at the time that downside dealer exposure was concentrated near $60,000 to $62,000. The latest data shows that level remains important even after BTC’s mild recovery.

Q3 outlook stays defensive

GreeksLive said in its July 3 post that the crypto market’s Q3 outlook remained weak as attention shifted toward U.S. stocks, artificial intelligence, semiconductors, and tokenized U.S. stock products. The firm also said Bitcoin’s “long-term downtrend has not yet ended,” pointing to selling pressure from large holders and ETFs.

CoinGlass options data also showed total BTC options open interest falling after the large quarterly expiry. Lower open interest can reduce market depth in options, but it does not remove hedging pressure when traders keep paying for puts.

Ethereum price traded near $1,715 on July 3, according to crypto.news price data, after rising more than 6% over 24 hours. 

The move pushed ETH back above the $1,700 area, a level traders have watched closely after weeks of selling pressure.

The rebound came as U.S. spot Ethereum ETFs returned to inflows. On July 2, spot Ethereum ETFs recorded total net inflows of $29.08 million, according to SoSoValue data. BlackRock’s ETHA led the group with $29.74 million in net inflows, while Grayscale’s ETHE recorded outflows of $2.75 million.

The token had already been eyeing a $1,700 breakout after July 1 ETF inflows returned. That earlier shift helped ease pressure around the $1,500 support region, but ETH still needed a stronger move above $1,700 to improve its short-term chart.

The next area to watch is $1,800. A clean move above that level could show that buyers are gaining control after the recent drawdown. Failure to hold $1,700 may return focus to $1,650 and then the lower support region near $1,500.

Ethereum Technical indicators improve

Ethereum’s short-term indicators are showing better momentum. The MACD histogram is positive near 19.33, while the MACD line sits around -49.01 and above the signal line near -68.34. That confirms the recent bullish crossover has gained strength.

The broader signal is not fully bullish yet because both MACD lines remain below the zero line. This means downside pressure has eased, but the token has not confirmed a full trend reversal. Traders usually look for MACD follow-through toward the zero line before calling a stronger recovery.

The RSI also improved. It stood near 51.85, above its moving average near 38.12. This move above 50 shows buyers are starting to regain control after a weak June.

Crypto analyst Ali Charts said the token has printed a monthly TD Sequential buy signal. In his view, the signal suggests seller exhaustion on a higher timeframe. He also said ETH is approaching a long-term support area near $1,100, which he described as the bottom boundary of Ethereum’s multi-year channel.

Ali Charts pointed to $3,000 as a mid-range recovery target if that lower channel holds. He also placed the broader channel ceiling near $5,000. Those levels are long-term technical targets, not short-term price calls.

ETH/BTC setup draws attention

Ethereum’s performance against Bitcoin is also drawing attention. Crypto Rover said an ETH/BTC golden cross is forming, with the 50-week moving average moving toward a cross above the 100-week moving average. He said the last similar signal in 2021 came before ETH outperformed Bitcoin.

That setup matters because ETH has lagged Bitcoin during the broader market decline. A stronger ETH/BTC pair would show that capital is rotating back toward Ethereum rather than only following Bitcoin’s rebound.

Derivatives data also shows rising activity. According to Coinglass data, ETH volume rose 14.48% to $44.74 billion, while open interest increased 10.64% to $24.54 billion. Options volume climbed 30.19% to $1.41 billion, and options open interest rose 6.67% to $4.43 billion.

Rising open interest can support stronger price moves when buyers lead the market. It can also raise liquidation risk if leveraged positions build too quickly. For that reason, the current derivatives setup points to more volatility rather than a clean bullish trend.

On-chain signals remain mixed

CryptoQuant analyst Darkfost said Binance ETH withdrawal transactions hit their highest level in three years. Binance reportedly logged more than 166,000 withdrawal transactions in one day as ETH rebounded from the $1,500 area.

Exchange withdrawals can point to accumulation when users move coins into self-custody. They can also show funds moving into DeFi for yield. Darkfost said some withdrawals may also reflect confusion around MiCA rules that took effect on July 1, even though withdrawals were not frozen.

Another CryptoQuant analyst, PelinayPA, gave a more cautious reading. The analyst said Binance ETH exchange netflow remained positive at +12,938 ETH, meaning more ETH was moving into the exchange than leaving it. Positive netflow can create selling risk because coins on exchanges are easier to sell.

That contrast keeps the short-term outlook balanced. Withdrawal transactions suggest some users may be accumulating. Positive netflow and rising open interest suggest selling pressure and leverage have not disappeared.

Institutional activity adds support

Ethereum also has support from corporate and institutional activity. As crypto.news reported, Ethereum Institutional launched with backing from BitMine, SharpLink, Joe Lubin, and other contributors to support adoption by banks, asset managers, custodians, and financial firms.

BitMine has continued building its Ethereum treasury. As previously reported, BitMine added 27,084 ETH, lifting its holdings to more than 5.7 million ETH, or about 4.7% of Ethereum’s supply.

SharpLink has also kept buying during weakness. The company bought another 10,000 ETH for $16.1 million as Ethereum tested lower support.

BTSE has officially entered Indonesia’s regulated crypto market through the launch of BTSE Indonesia after completing the rebranding of local exchange NVX.

According to an official announcement issued on July 3, the new platform has been established as a joint venture between BTSE Group and PT Aset Kripto Internasional, combining BTSE’s trading infrastructure with local operations focused on customer growth, partnerships, marketing, and sales.

Operating under a license issued by Indonesia’s Financial Services Authority (OJK), BTSE Indonesia is authorized to function as a Digital Financial Assets and Crypto Assets Trading Operator (PAKD). The approval places the exchange among the limited number of regulated entities permitted to offer cryptocurrency trading services in the country while complying with anti-money laundering requirements and customer asset protection rules.

With the regulatory approval in place, BTSE Indonesia can work with Indonesian banks and payment providers to support Indonesian rupiah (IDR) deposits, withdrawals, currency conversions, and IDR trading pairs. The company said the license also creates a path to introduce additional regulated products, including futures trading, subject to rules issued by Indonesian authorities.

Under the partnership, BTSE Group will provide the exchange’s trading engine, liquidity, and underlying technology, while the Indonesian entity will manage local commercial operations using its market knowledge and domestic business relationships.

“Indonesia has everything it takes to be Asia’s next major crypto hub; the population, the demand, and now the regulatory framework. What it needs now is the right combination of global infrastructure and local expertise. That’s exactly what this joint venture delivers,” said Jeff Mei, Chief Operating Officer of BTSE Group.

According Stephanie Kusnadi, Chief Strategy Officer of BTSE Indonesia, added the integration with BTSE gives the company access to global exchange technology while allowing it to continue operating as a platform built around local regulatory requirements and user needs.

Indonesia continues tightening crypto oversight

The launch comes as Indonesia continues introducing new rules for its digital asset industry. In June, the OJK issued Financial Services Authority Regulation No. 6 of 2026, requiring social media influencers who recommend cryptocurrencies and other digital financial assets to obtain competency certification unless they already hold another qualifying license.

Under the same regulation, influencers may promote only digital assets listed on authorized exchanges, while promotional campaigns must be conducted through licensed financial services businesses that remain responsible for the content. The new requirements place additional compliance obligations on digital asset firms operating in Indonesia’s regulated market.

The artificial intelligence sector is currently dealing with a severe training data bottleneck, especially as centralized technology monopolies are locking out early stage developers from high-quality information pipelines. Decentralized data infrastructure platform Perceptron is trying to address this structural bottleneck by deploying a decentralized infrastructure layer that crowdsources web information through everyday user devices.

Modern day media is entirely focused on highlighting how leading names in the artificial intelligence space are constantly deploying next-generation hardware systems to buff up their raw computing power. But one of the least talked about operational constraints is the quality of the training data that makes up the core foundation of any functional AI model.

The problem is that with the vast majority of open-web content already thoroughly harvested, aggressive corporate control over public application programming interfaces has locked the remaining foundations of dataset collection behind exorbitant multi-million dollar paywalls. It has essentially become a prohibitively expensive exclusive privilege for a handful of massive tech monopolies.

For the tech giants that are currently leading the AI race, securing these high cost information pipelines aren’t much of a financial challenge, but what about the underfunded innovators? Without the necessary budgets, early-stage startups are left struggling to build competitive products.

“OpenAI pays approximately $60 million to $100 million per year to companies like Reddit and Twitter in order to be able to access data through APIs,” Perceptron Co-Founder & CEO, Peter Anthony told crypto.news during a recent interview. 

“Many new AI projects out there don’t have budgets to be able to spend $60 million to $100 million to be able to access data. If you build the best model in the world, it’s pretty useless if it doesn’t have access to good quality data. You could be the smartest kid at school, but if you’re not able to access any books, you don’t really have very much information to present.”

Anthony realized that this market asymmetry leaves room for alternative infrastructure that would serve the independent market segment, which eventually led him to co-found Perceptron, a platform which plans on using idle consumer bandwidth to solve “the data bottleneck problem” AI is suffering from right now.

“The majority of the world’s data has already been accessed and scraped, but there’s a lot of data that’s kind of hidden behind different places that are not yet accessible, so we’re gathering data and positioning ourselves to be able to provide data for AI companies at a reduced cost,” Anthony explained.

Harvesting the idle bandwidth

But what is this idle bandwidth that Perceptron plans to leverage? Anthony explained that this is the unrecognized economic asset that everyday users constantly produce through routine digital browsing, only to watch major corporations extract and profit from it.

“Right now, every time you and I use the internet on our phones, our computers, we’re generating data. That data gets collected, packaged into massive datasets by companies like Google, and sold for millions, sometimes billions of dollars. Yet you and I never see a cent of that value.”

What Perceptron has done is to completely flip this extractive model on its head. They have built a network spanning more than 150 countries comprising roughly 800,000 nodes, and these nodes are powered by individual users who are simply running a browser extension on Chrome or an application on their Android devices.

While these endpoint installations don’t scrape private digital files or provide the firm with sensitive personal telemetry, it instead secures localized geographic perspectives, which Anthony described as “different vantage points” on the open web, which can then be extracted in small pieces and combined into one meaningful dataset.

“It’s very important that we focus on the fact that it’s not using individuals’ data, it’s not tapping into your own personal data and information, but let’s say right now you’re in Malawi. When you’re looking at a particular website, I could go and look at the same website, but chances are, because I’m in Dubai, we’re going to see a different kind of set of results. All we’re gaining from this situation is being able to use your computer to look at something like a normal web page, or whatever it might be.”

To illustrate, Anthony noted that if a corporate client requires a dataset of healthcare-related social media posts from the US, Perceptron can coordinate across its global node mesh to extract individual public posts without interfacing with restrictive enterprise APIs. 

Because this data is already freely accessible to the public via any standard web browser, routing the collection through individual terminal nodes legally sidesteps commercial paywalls. Once these minor data packets are retrieved, the network transfers the unrefined data back to a centralized server where specialized artificial intelligence models scrub and audit the information for quality control.

“By doing this, we can cut down the cost significantly that is currently being charged by a lot of the big centralized companies like Google.”

Powered by an economic loop that incentivizes quality network participants

The next question is why would anyone volunteer their hardware to a network like this, and the answer is straightforward, a shared value loop ensuring that these nodes earn points for their passive connectivity that are scheduled to convert into native crypto tokens down the line.

According to Anthony, this distributed model ”will enable them to earn points” that act as a direct metric of their network contribution, and therefore “whenever there’s revenue generated by the company, tokens will get fed back into the ecosystem” to sustain a cyclic economic loop.

“There will also be tokens set aside that are used for buying back tokens,” he added.

However, not everyone running a node essentially qualifies for consistent rewards, as there’s the ever-present challenge of quality control, which can compromise dataset integrity if left unchecked.

Perceptron addresses this by routing gathered packets back to a centralized server, where automated algorithms systematically evaluate the inputs against target benchmarks before releasing any compensation.

Further, Anthony said that the startup recently acquired a company specializing in transaction and payment verification software to structurally automate this validation process.

To further engage network participants while also driving the creation of data sets, Perceptron also plans to launch a structured Data Questing platform, which will allow contributors to turn active human effort into unique training inputs.

“We aim to effectively be able to build datasets and create datasets that are currently not available through centralized processes,” Anthony added.

The end goal

Over the long haul, Anthony said he would like to see the network transition to a business intelligence-focused model that is able to provide deep-layer analytics for enterprise clients. 

“The difference is that traditional datasets are static, they’re collected once and quickly become outdated. But there’s an enormous amount of data being generated every time you interact with anything online, and right now, most of it is simply going to waste,” Anthony said.

“One single server trying to monitor all these different users can’t really gather meaningful intelligence at that scale. What we need is a shift toward distributed business intelligence, so we can actually improve services across things like e-commerce, trading, and much more.”

Perceptron has also launched a $10 million AI Data Fund, through which the platform expects to fund independent developers and support the deployment of “actual projects that are providing real services.” Under the terms of the program, selected engineering teams receive five weeks of dedicated data infrastructure assistance and up to 5 TB of real-world data free of charge to accelerate the optimization of early-stage AI models.

“The goal is to support projects as they grow and their data requirements increase. We can become one of their go-to providers, it’s both an investment in the broader ecosystem and a way for us to build consistent, long-term revenue,” Anthony noted.

As of publication time, Anthony said Perceptron is already actively supplying diverse data products to a variety of commercial enterprises. The network provides extensive image datasets to text-to-video generative platforms, including a company called Everlyn AI, to train models to accurately synthesize visual content.

Beyond that, the project is also moving past standard image compilation, as the platform has entered the sentiment analysis sector by tracking public discourse across Twitter, YouTube, and digital asset markets. Analyzing this public sentiment helps crypto firms and exchanges build tracking tools that give early signals to preempt sudden price swings.

XRP price has climbed to a three-day high after Ripple’s European expansion and a fresh Supertrend buy signal revived bullish sentiment.

According to data from crypto.news, XRP (XRP) price rose as much as 3% to an intraday high of $1.11 on July 3, extending its recovery from around $1.02 on July 1. The latest rebound follows Ripple’s regulatory progress in Europe, improving macro sentiment, and a bullish technical reversal that has encouraged buyers to return after weeks of sustained selling pressure. 

Since July 1, the market has continued to price in the company’s European expansion after Ripple Payments launched under preliminary Crypto-Asset Service Provider approval through the European Union’s Markets in Crypto-Assets framework.

The development arrived just as some competing platforms scaled back parts of their European offerings to comply with MiCA rules, strengthening Ripple’s position in one of crypto’s fastest-growing regulated markets.

At the same time, investors largely dismissed concerns surrounding Ripple’s monthly 1 billion XRP escrow release after recognizing that most of the unlocked tokens are traditionally returned to escrow rather than sold into the market.

Bitcoin’s stabilization above the $61,000 area has also provided a more supportive backdrop for altcoins after weeks of heavy selling pressure. Risk appetite improved further as easing geopolitical tensions helped push crude oil prices to multi-month lows while softer U.S. economic data reinforced expectations that the Federal Reserve could begin easing monetary policy later this year.

These macro developments have encouraged investors to rotate back into higher-beta digital assets after June’s defensive positioning.

Technical breakout puts $1.12 and $1.15 into focus

XRP’s technical structure has improved materially over the past two sessions. On the 1-day chart, price has broken above a descending trendline that had capped every rally since late May, ending more than a month of lower highs. The breakout has carried XRP back toward the $1.12 resistance area after reclaiming the psychologically important $1.10 level.

The 4-hour chart reinforces that bullish shift. XRP has reclaimed its Supertrend indicator near $1.05, while the MACD has completed a bullish crossover with expanding positive histogram bars. Price has also cleared horizontal resistance around $1.075 and is now approaching the next overhead supply zone near $1.125.

A decisive move above that barrier could expose the $1.15 region, while the Supertrend support near $1.05 and former resistance at $1.075 now serve as the first downside cushions.

Commenting on the setup, analyst Ali Martinez wrote in a July 3 X post:

“The SuperTrend indicator has just flashed a buy signal on XRP for the first time since mid-June. The last buy signal preceded a 14% rally.”

Martinez also noted that the indicator had correctly identified the previous 19% and 16% declines, adding weight to the latest reversal signal.

Derivatives positioning has also shifted in favor of bulls. CoinGlass liquidation data shows one of the largest short liquidation clusters sitting just above the current price between roughly $1.11 and $1.12.

XRP has already begun pushing into that liquidity pocket, increasing the probability of additional forced buying if resistance breaks. Beyond that zone, another concentration of leveraged positions sits closer to $1.14, creating a potential path for an extended short squeeze should momentum continue.

On-chain sentiment has strengthened alongside the technical recovery. Sharing data from Santiment, Whale Factor highlighted that XRP’s average trading returns have fallen to their lowest level in roughly 12 years, leaving both short-term and long-term holders underwater. 

Historically, deeply negative MVRV readings have often coincided with major accumulation periods before meaningful recoveries. As Whale Factor summarized, “The more frustrated the crowd the faster the snap back when sentiment turns.”

Key risks remain despite the improving trend

The recovery still faces several hurdles before a sustained uptrend can be confirmed. The $1.12-$1.15 region contains multiple layers of technical resistance and dense leveraged positioning that could trigger renewed selling if buyers fail to force a breakout.

Any deterioration in Bitcoin’s price, a resurgence in geopolitical tensions that lifts energy prices, or stronger-than-expected U.S. economic data that delays Federal Reserve rate cuts could quickly reduce appetite for altcoins.

On the charts, a fall back below $1.075 would weaken the current breakout, while a loss of the Supertrend support near $1.05 would place the recent bullish thesis under pressure and raise the risk of another retest of the $1.00 psychological support.

Several major South Korean companies have said they were listed as members of the Open USD (OUSD) stablecoin alliance despite not formally agreeing to participate.

According to a report by Chosun Biz, several Korean companies named as participants in the Open USD consortium said they had not held official discussions with the project’s issuer and only became aware of their inclusion after local media reports.

The report said Open Standard announced on June 30 that it had introduced OUSD, a U.S. dollar-backed stablecoin scheduled for launch later this year. The organization said around 140 financial and payment companies from around the world, including Visa, Mastercard, BlackRock, Google and several South Korean firms, would join the consortium. Rather than operating as a decentralized autonomous organization or an equity-based venture, the consortium is expected to function as a cooperative network.

Among the Korean companies listed were Samsung Electronics, Dunamu, Shinhan Financial Group, KakaoBank, K Bank, Hyundai Card, KB Kookmin Card, BC Card, Hana Card, Samsung Card, Woori Card, NH Nonghyup Card and Hanwha.

Several of those companies, however, disputed the implication that they had officially joined.

Samsung Electronics told Chosun Biz it had not held formal consultations with Open Standard and did not know what role it would have within the consortium. Dunamu, Shinhan Financial Group and K Bank also said they had only been asked whether they would be interested in participating and had responded that they would review the proposal.

One company representative told the publication the firm only learned it had been identified as a consortium member through domestic news coverage. The representative added that its response to Open Standard had simply been that it would consider participation if the project developed further, making the company’s inclusion unexpected.

OUSD proposes shared reserve revenue model

Open Standard said OUSD is being developed as a payment and settlement stablecoin operated collectively by participating companies instead of being controlled by a single issuer.

According to the company, participating firms will be able to mint OUSD by depositing U.S. dollars into Open Standard’s reserve account and redeem tokens by returning them to the issuer. The company also said consortium members will be able to mint and redeem OUSD without fees or volume limits.

The project’s revenue model also differs from existing stablecoin issuers. Open Standard said reserve income generated from assets backing OUSD will be distributed to participating partners after operating costs are deducted, unlike issuers such as Tether and Circle, which retain reserve earnings.

Following Open Standard’s announcement that about 140 global companies would participate, Chosun Biz reported that some participants in South Korea’s digital asset industry suggested the project could emerge as a challenger to the stablecoin market currently dominated by Tether’s USDT and Circle’s USDC. However, statements from several companies indicate that at least some of the announced participants have not formally committed to joining the consortium.

Zcash’s planned Ironwood network upgrade in late July is facing a potential scheduling squeeze, after Shielded Labs raised concerns that some parts of the ecosystem may not have enough time to prepare both for Ironwood and for a separate, major software migration.

According to Jason McGee, executive director of Shielded Labs, two large tasks are converging: exchanges, mining pools, and wallet operators must coordinate an infrastructure change as well as the Ironwood activation that is intended to restore confidence in Zcash’s shielded circulating supply. McGee said in a Zcash community forum post that ecosystem participants may have insufficient time to safely deploy and audit the updated systems.

Key takeaways

• Shielded Labs warns that Ironwood’s late-July activation could be delayed because major ecosystem upgrades are being requested at the same time.
• Zcash developers are simultaneously moving away from zcashd toward the Z3 stack (Zebra, Zaino, Zallet), which may require operator changes.
• Ironwood is designed to replace the Orchard shielded pool with a new private pool and add an accounting checkpoint to help verify circulating-supply limits.
• McGee said no final delay has been set, and developers continue security review and system verification work.

Why Ironwood exists: fixing a privacy-pool accounting problem

Ironwood was proposed after researchers discovered an “infinity” bug in Orchard, Zcash’s primary shielded transaction pool. The issue, as described by earlier reporting from Cointelegraph on the Orchard vulnerability emergency upgrade, suggested that an attacker could theoretically create an unlimited number of counterfeit ZEC tokens inside the pool without triggering detection.

Developers emphasized that there was no evidence Orchard had been exploited. Still, because Orchard’s privacy features make it impossible to independently prove that no fake coins were created, Zcash needed a structural change that would let users verify that the shielded circulating supply remains within intended bounds.

Ironwood’s mechanism: a new private pool and supply checkpointing

Ironwood is intended to open a replacement private pool that prevents new activity inside Orchard. As described in earlier coverage of how Ironwood would work, funds leaving Orchard would then pass through an accounting checkpoint designed to stop withdrawals that would imply more ZEC exiting than originally entered.

The practical outcome is that Ironwood should allow ecosystem participants to verify that circulating supply stays inside Zcash’s specified limits, addressing the core trust gap that remained after the Orchard fix.

The other big change: retiring zcashd for the Z3 stack

While Ironwood targets the shielded pool layer, Zcash is also asking infrastructure providers to replace the longtime node and wallet software, zcashd, with a new tooling collection called the Z3 stack. The stack includes Zebra for network node operation, Zaino for providing blockchain data to applications, and Zallet for wallet-related functions.

In documentation about the deprecation of zcashd, Zcash notes that some functions currently offered by zcashd will not have direct replacements, meaning operators may need to modify their systems. The shift is not simply a branding upgrade: it changes how nodes and wallet services integrate with the Zcash network.

McGee’s central warning is that this migration is colliding with Ironwood’s timeline. In his account, some infrastructure providers believe they can complete their transitions by late July, while others still need more time—particularly because not every component is considered production-ready yet.

What Shielded Labs says could happen next

McGee said that Zallet and Zaino were still under development and were not ready for production use at the time of his forum post. The implication is that operators who rely on those tools—or need to rework their workflows around them—may not be able to reach safe readiness by the scheduled activation window.

At the same time, McGee stressed that no delay has been finalized. That matters for traders and users because it leaves room for planning to continue under the expectation of an eventual Ironwood rollout while the ecosystem weighs whether preparation and review can be completed in time.

Zcash founder Zooko Wilcox also weighed in on the status of the work. In a separate discussion on the Zcash community forum, Wilcox said security reviews had not found additional serious bugs so far and that developers are continuing efforts to verify the new system ahead of Ironwood activation. He also acknowledged that the upgrade process involves more than just the shielded pool change itself, reflecting the broader engineering work around Zcash infrastructure.

Notably, the story shows an imbalance between what the upgrade is meant to solve quickly—restoring confidence in shielded supply—and the time it takes to make the broader ecosystem modifications safely, including software replacement and audits by third-party providers.

As late July approaches, the most important watch items are whether Shielded Labs’ concerns translate into an official timing change, and whether infrastructure operators confirm they can complete the Z3 stack migration alongside Ironwood requirements—especially given that some components were described as not yet production-ready at the time of McGee’s comments.