To confirm that the observed signal was indeed caused by a moon, the research team also examined other possible factors. These included apparent periods resulting from errors in corrections for Earth’s orbital motion, seasonal variations in atmospheric conditions, and the effects of the brown dwarf’s own rotation.

Furthermore, calculations of the Roche limit—the boundary beyond which a satellite would be torn apart by the brown dwarf’s tidal forces—and the Hill radius—the radius of the brown dwarf’s gravitational influence—confirmed that the satellite’s orbit falls within a range where it can exist in a physically stable manner.

According to the researchers, this is the first evidence of a satellite orbiting a brown dwarf companion obtained using this method. A few months earlier, another team had gathered clues suggesting the presence of a satellite during observations of the HD 206893 star system using the VLT Interferometer but had not yet achieved a definitive detection.

The object discovered in this study occupies a unique position that cannot be fully understood using the conventional framework for moons in our solar system. “We have a clear delineation between the planets and the Sun in the Solar System, so defining things like moons is simple,” says Alice Zurlo, an astrophysicist at Diego Portales University, in a news release. “In the CD-35 2722 system, where we are blurring the lines between stars, planets, and moons, the whole thing becomes more complicated to describe.”

It remains unclear whether this object should be called a moon. ESO also notes that there is no officially recognized definition for exomoons and the researchers use the term “exosatellite.” The paper itself acknowledges that it is uncertain whether this object will meet future criteria to be considered a moon, but that the discovery is a step toward creating a definitive detection.

Researchers believe this discovery will serve as a catalyst for identifying new directions in future theories of planet formation and celestial mechanics. Furthermore, if there are smaller, rocky moons like the one in the new paper, they could be subjected to tidal heating from brown dwarfs, potentially creating environments suitable for life even at greater distances from their stars—a development that might also have implications for the search for extraterrestrial life.

It’s also possible that once the next-generation Extremely Large Telescope equipped with a 39-meter primary mirror is completed, it will be possible to detect even smaller exomoons.

This story originally appeared on WIRED Japan and has been translated from Japanese.

For years, India was the world’s largest app download market but one of its toughest places to make money. That is beginning to change as Indian consumers spend more on AI, entertainment, and other premium apps.

India’s mobile app market generated a record $345 million in consumer spending during the second quarter of this year, up 35% from a year earlier, according to a new report by Sensor Tower. The app-market intelligence firm said the gains were increasingly driven by generative AI, streaming, and productivity apps rather than gaming, as Indian consumers became more willing to pay for digital subscriptions.

The record quarter builds on a broader trend of rising app monetization. India’s revenue per download has more than doubled over the past three and a half years, while quarterly app downloads have remained at around 6.3 billion since 2023.

“We would describe India today as a rapidly evolving mobile market with a large user base and growing willingness to pay for digital services,” Eve Chen, an insights analyst at Sensor Tower, told TechCrunch.

Chen attributed the change to the wider adoption of digital payments, including India’s Unified Payments Interface (a system that lets people pay directly from their bank accounts) and digital wallets, which have reduced friction for in-app purchases, alongside growing acceptance of app-based subscriptions and premium digital services.

The trend also stands out globally. India’s app revenue saw its fastest growth in Q2 among major app markets, generating more than $200 million in quarterly consumer spending, per Sensor Tower’s data shared with TechCrunch. In contrast, Mexico grew 30% and Turkey 25%, while U.S. app revenue actually declined 3% over the same period.

“These figures suggest that India is no longer just the world’s largest market by downloads, but is also emerging as one of the fastest-growing markets for app monetization,” Chen told TechCrunch.

India still trails more mature app markets by a wide margin. Revenue per download stands at about $4.60 in the U.S., $3.90 in South Korea, and $6.10 in Japan, compared with a small fraction of that in India. Nonetheless, Chen said the trajectory matters more than the absolute level, with India’s steadily improving monetization suggesting significant room for long-term growth.

Generative AI has emerged as one of the fastest-growing segments, with OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Anthropic’s Claude together accounting for nearly 83% of India’s AI app revenue in Q2, according to Sensor Tower’s data shared with TechCrunch.

Much of India’s app revenue growth is also being driven by non-gaming apps. Non-gaming categories, Sensor Tower said, accounted for 68% of India’s mobile app revenue in the first half of 2026, up from 58% three years earlier.

The latest data also suggests global subscription apps continue to be among the biggest beneficiaries of rising app spending in India, with Google One becoming India’s highest-grossing mobile app during the quarter. Streaming platforms such as Amazon Prime Video, Crunchyroll, Sony LIV, and JioHotstar also saw growing consumer spending. Gaming also bucked the global trend, with revenue rising 3.7% from the previous quarter despite a worldwide decline, per Sensor Tower.

App intelligence firm Appfigures also sees India’s app subscription market continuing to grow, although it says the pace has slowed after an AI-fueled surge over the past two years. Subscription revenue is still rising, but much of the initial excitement around AI has abated, Ariel Michaeli, the company’s founder and CEO, told TechCrunch.

“The numbers are still staggering,” Michaeli added. Appfigures estimates that ChatGPT generates about $60,000 a day in India and attracted around 1.8 million downloads over the past month, although that’s down from roughly $80,000 a day last October.

Apple captured 49% of global smartphone revenue in the second quarter despite accounting for only 23% of shipments, showing how much more money the iPhone generates per device than competing smartphones.

The company’s iPhone revenue climbed 22% year over year in the second quarter, the fastest increase among the five largest brands, according to preliminary data from Counterpoint Research. Its share of global smartphone revenue reached a second-quarter record of 49%, up from 44% a year earlier.

Apple’s growth came from higher shipments and a more expensive sales mix. Counterpoint’s latest report estimated that shipments rose 13% from a year earlier, while Apple’s average selling price increased 8% to $946.

Counterpoint attributed the performance to sustained demand for the iPhone 17 lineup, particularly the base iPhone 17 and iPhone 17 Pro Max. Demand for the two models helped keep Apple’s product mix concentrated on premium devices without requiring the steep price increases imposed by some competitors.

The research firm said Apple’s largely stable pricing improved the iPhone’s value as memory costs rose across the industry. Many Android manufacturers depend more heavily on entry-level and midrange devices, where price increases can quickly weaken demand.

Apple gained a similar advantage in China, where rising Android prices made discounted iPhones more competitive. The regional results support Counterpoint’s argument that pricing helped Apple gain ground, although they do not prove that every market followed the same pattern.

Apple’s premium product mix and ability to absorb higher component costs gave it an advantage over several rivals. The company increased both estimated revenue and shipments even as the broader smartphone market shipped fewer devices.

Apple gains as smartphone shipments fall

Global smartphone shipments declined during the quarter, but total revenue increased 7% year over year to a second-quarter record of $109 billion. The industry’s average selling price rose 17% to $400 as price increases and a greater share of premium devices lifted the amount earned from each sale.

Counterpoint’s latest chart gave Apple a record 23% share of second-quarter shipments. Apple’s revenue share remained much higher because the average iPhone sold for substantially more than devices from competing manufacturers.

The shipment estimate differs from a Counterpoint report published July 13, which put Apple’s growth at 3% and its market share at 20%. Counterpoint has not explained whether the newer preliminary figures reflect revised data or a difference in methodology, so the 13% growth estimate should not be treated as settled.

Apple’s market performance came alongside a strong fiscal third quarter that ended June 27. The company’s record earnings included $54.25 billion in iPhone revenue, up 21.7% from a year earlier.

Samsung ranked second with 16% of global smartphone revenue. Image credit: Counterpoint

Samsung ranked second with 16% of global smartphone revenue. Its estimated revenue and shipments each increased 9%, while its average selling price remained roughly flat at $270.

Demand for Samsung’s Galaxy A-series supported shipment growth, while the Galaxy S26 lineup strengthened its premium business. Counterpoint also credited Samsung’s vertical integration and control over component sourcing with helping it limit price increases.

Xiaomi recorded the steepest shipment decline among the five largest brands, falling 26% year over year. Its revenue dropped 17% even as its average selling price rose 13%.

OPPO and vivo posted revenue declines of 10% and 11%, respectively, despite higher average selling prices. Falling shipments outweighed the additional revenue each company collected per device.

The results show the limits of relying on higher prices in cost-sensitive parts of the market. Xiaomi, OPPO and vivo shifted toward more expensive devices, but the higher average selling prices did not offset their shipment declines.

Higher iPhone prices may still be coming

Apple remained relatively insulated from rising component costs during the second quarter, according to Counterpoint. The research firm expects Apple to raise iPhone prices in coming quarters as memory shortages continue.

Separate Counterpoint estimates suggest rising DRAM and NAND costs could add hundreds of dollars to the production cost of the iPhone 18 Pro Max. The projected increases have not translated into confirmed retail pricing, but higher component costs could make Apple’s current advantage harder to maintain.

Counterpoint also expects global smartphone shipments to decline more sharply during the second half of 2026. The firm said limited supplies are becoming a greater constraint as manufacturers face persistent memory shortages and higher costs.

The second-quarter results show that Apple benefited by holding prices steadier than several Android rivals while continuing to sell more premium models. Apple may struggle to preserve that combination if component costs eventually force broader iPhone price increases.

Looking for the best movies to stream this weekend on HBO Max? You have landed in the right place. Max holds a treasure trove of hidden gems that deserve a spot on your watchlist. This week we have a dark comedy, a heartfelt drama, and an unforgettable Studio Ghibli masterpiece. So, grab your favorite snacks and dive into these three fantastic films currently streaming on Max.

We also have guides to the best new movies to stream, the best movies on Netflix, the best movies on Hulu, the best free movies, and the best movies on Amazon Prime Video.

Sorry, Baby (2025)

Genre: Dark comedy, drama
IMDb rating: 7.1/10
Rotten Tomatoes: 97%

Literature professor Agnes Ward (Eva Victor) struggles to rebuild her quiet life in Maine following a deeply traumatic incident at her university. When her pregnant best friend Lydie (Naomi Ackie) comes for an extended visit, Agnes confronts how isolated and paralyzed by grief she has become.

This underrated movie on HBO Max moves between the present and flashbacks to show how Agnes has learned to function around her trauma. I really liked how the friendship between Agnes and Lydie carries the entire film, giving Agnes an anchor without ever solving her pain for her.

You can watch Sorry, Baby on HBO Max.

The Florida Project (2017)

Genre: Drama
IMDb rating: 7.6/10
Rotten Tomatoes: 96%

Moonee (Brooklynn Prince) is a six-year-old living with her young mother, Halley, in a budget motel just outside Walt Disney World. While Moonee spends her summer running wild with the other kids, Halley’s financial situation quietly unravels, forcing her into increasingly desperate choices to keep a roof over their heads.

Director Sean Baker shoots the film almost entirely from Moonee’s height, keeping the camera locked into a child’s perspective on an adult crisis. I liked the vibrant cinematography that captures pure childlike wonder right alongside hardship without losing its tender spirit.

You can watch The Florida Project on HBO Max.

Whisper of the Heart (1995)

Genre: Animated, coming-of-age, drama
IMDb rating: 7.8/10
Rotten Tomatoes: 95%

This Studio Ghibli movie follows Shizuku, a middle schooler who is also an avid reader. She notices that every library book she checks out was previously borrowed by the same boy, Seiji. Her search to find him pushes her to question what she actually wants from her own future, not just his.

Unlike most Studio Ghibli films, this one skips fantasy entirely and stays grounded in an ordinary Tokyo suburb. What really impressed me was how delicately the story captures the quiet uncertainty of teenage artistic ambition.

You can watch Whisper of the Heart on HBO Max.

For Arlan Rakhmetzhanov, 19, there is no middle ground. Either he builds a company as valuable as Google, he says, or he fails and ends up on the streets. He started coding at 15 in his native Kazakhstan, completed a couple of summer programs in San Francisco, and cold-DM’ed every Y Combinator founder he could find on LinkedIn until one gave him an angel check for his first company at age 17.  

That company, now the YC-backed Nozomio, is an API index for AI agents — a tool that helps AI agents find and use software services — and has raised more than $6 million in funding to date. “I either win or lose, and a lot of young founders have the same mindset,” he told TechCrunch. “They just want to win.”

Young founders like Rakhmetzhanov are building under a new set of pressures. Investors are throwing more capital at them, yet the expectation to hit that “north star” milestone — the one big number investors are chasing — hasn’t relaxed, and every misstep along the way is now publicly dissected on social media.

While Silicon Valley VCs have always famously loved backing young college dropout founders, they preferred to see them paired with technical founders, or at least to have some experience — ideally with a FAANG company (Meta, Amazon, Apple, Netflix, and Google) — on their résumés. In many ways, that is still very true. But AI tools have democratized the opportunity to build, shortening the timelines of success and enabling more young people to start successful companies without stepping foot inside a Big Tech company.

Pranjali Awasthi, 19, is an example of that. She dropped out of high school to launch an AI startup, then attended Georgia Tech before dropping out of that, too, to launch Slashy, a YC-backed startup that bills itself as the “Cursor for emails” and helps consumers manage their email inboxes. After more than a year running that company, she recently announced she’s now building yet a new startup currently in stealth.  

When she was younger, around 14 or 15, she recalled, investors whom she would pitch often asked why she was looking to build a company. “It’s gotten more normal now,” she said, “post-18.”   

It seems more than ever, investors look to founders like Awasthi, whose experiences can be traced through “GitHub activity, open-source contributions, communities they’ve already built, and familiarity with all the latest tools in AI,” Ashley Smith, a general partner at the early-stage firm Vermilion, told TechCrunch. “A lot of young developers learn how to build software through contributing to open-source projects or toying around with the latest AI tooling,” she explained. “They have more time to do that while in college or younger than someone with a full-time job and a mortgage.”

Smith said a “meaningful” share of her portfolio consists of companies founded by those under 30, with a handful even younger than 21, she said, adding that she’s “clearly not skeptical of youth.”  

“What they lack in experience, they make up for in excitement to experiment and lack of fear,” she continued.

But she admits the market has become more merciless. “It doesn’t give you room to learn slowly anymore,” she said. There are more funding opportunities than ever, regardless of age — accelerators, incubators, pre-seed funds. But that money comes with strings attached: Founders like Rakhmetzhanov and Awasthi, flush with millions in cash, are expected to deliver growth in months, not years.

“The forgiveness that used to exist at an early stage and the assumption you’d iterate your way to product-market fit doesn’t exist right now,” Smith continued. “Everyone is looking for the next Cursor, even though that growth trajectory is an outlier, not the norm.”

For many founders — especially those building in public — the relentless strain to succeed can lead to murky ethical territory, or even predatory deal terms, since younger founders are often too new to the game to know what’s standard, yet ambitious enough to chase growth at all costs. To keep up, revenue numbers start to look inflated, while content creation for social media starts to crowd out writing good code. The excessive posturing is perhaps inevitable, since getting attention is now harder than ever in a crowded AI market.

It’s all about who can convince “the most people [they] are smarter than everyone else in the space,” Smith said, “and make the most noise about it.”

“In 2004, you could quietly iterate for years without anyone watching,” Awasthi added. “Now there is this constant ambient pressure from LinkedIn and Twitter where every raise, every milestone, every pivot is public.”

That means some young founders aren’t just worried about hitting competitive revenue marks or funding valuations — they’re also under pressure to perform the appearance of being a successful founder. That pressure has always existed in startup culture, but founders say it’s grown more extreme. “If you’re a startup and you’re competing in a market, usually you worry about incumbents,” Timothy Chen, an investor at Essence Ventures, told TechCrunch. “Now you worry about your neighbors.”

For example, “everybody’s doing shiny, good-looking launch videos,” he noted. “It wasn’t even a thing three years ago.” The trend was popularized by Cluely founder Roy Lee, now around age 22, whose startup initially promised to help students cheat on exams — a premise that dazzled investors like Andreessen Horowitz and helped the company raise $20 million.

Though Cluely is now more of a note-taking tool, Lee became a face of young Silicon Valley talent. “The pressure is coming from, ‘I need to show off much better, quick,’” Chen continued.  

Not hitting the bar has bred new anxiety. “When Zuck was building Facebook, there wasn’t this huge negative social ecosystem,” Aidan Guo, 20, told TechCrunch. He’s the co-founder of the AI desktop assistant startup Attention Engineering, which has raised around $1.6 million in funding to date.

Much of the strain, as he describes it, is self-imposed. “You already have a constant fear of failure on your mind. You have to steer the ship and learn all these things as you go. And everything can always go wrong at once,” he continued. “And then you have all these people piling on anything you do wrong. I think people need to be more empathetic.” 

Amid all that pressure, Awasthi takes a page from the old days. “If you focus your time on what needs to get done, it’s not too hard,” she said.

“The best product that stays active and talks to customers wins,” Rakhmetzhanov added.

In the end, all the founders are describing the same thing: The fundamentals of a good startup haven’t changed — “conviction, intellectual honesty, and obsession with the customer,” as Smith put it. None of that has anything to do with age.  

Today’s Strands puzzle was kind of tough, with some really long clues to unscramble. If you need hints and answers, read on.

Hint for today’s Strands puzzle

Today’s Strands theme is: “As if!”

If that doesn’t help you, here’s a clue: Ha ha!

Clue words to unlock in-game hints

Your goal is to find hidden words that fit the puzzle’s theme. If you’re stuck, find any words you can. Every time you find three words of four letters or more, Strands will reveal one of the theme words. These are the words I used to get those hints, but any words of four or more letters that you find will work:

• PERT, SUET, ROLL, ROLLS, BADE, TREE, POTS, SPOT, TOPS

Answers for today’s Strands puzzle

These are the answers that tie into the theme. The goal of the puzzle is to find them all, including the spangram, a theme word that reaches from one side of the puzzle to the other. When you have all of them (I originally thought there were always eight, but learned that the number can vary), every letter on the board will be used. Here are the nonspangram answers:

• SILLY, ABSURD, LAUGHABLE, LUDICROUS, PREPOSTEROUS

Today’s Strands spangram

Today’s Strands spangram is GETREAL. To find it, start with the G that’s the first letter on the top row, and wind diagonally down.

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CNET editor Gael Fashingbauer Cooper, a journalist and pop-culture junkie, is co-author of “Whatever Happened to Pudding Pops? The Lost Toys, Tastes and Trends of the ’70s and ’80s,” as well as “The Totally Sweet ’90s.” She’s been a journalist since 1989, working at Mpls.St.Paul Magazine, Twin Cities Sidewalk, the Minneapolis Star Tribune, and NBC News Digital. She’s Gen X in birthdate, word and deed. If Marathon candy bars ever come back, she’ll be first in line.

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OFF-PREM

Cloud revenue now north of $143 billion a quarter, and growth is accelerating

Cloud infrastructure services grew at their fastest for eight years during the second quarter of 2026, thanks to the AI craze and continued demand for flexible and scalable IT infrastructure.

According to the latest figures from Synergy Research, enterprise spending on cloud infrastructure passed $143 billion in Q2, a year-on-year growth rate of 43 percent. This followed 11 successive quarters of increasing growth rates, during which the market has now doubled in size.

Synergy says that total market revenues for the preceding 12 months add up to an impressive $500 billion. Public IaaS and PaaS platforms account for the bulk of this, and these expanded by 47 percent during Q2.

While cloud-based services have been growing at quite a decent rate for some time as organizations expand their IT using this route, the introduction of AI services has given them an extra boost.

“AI has, of course, driven most of that incremental growth, and we now see year-on-year growth rates of 165 percent for AI-specific cloud services. It is the handful of leading cloud providers and neoclouds who are mostly benefiting from that market acceleration,” comments Synergy chief analyst John Dinsdale.

And the top three global players continue to dominate the market, with Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure and Google Cloud together accounting for 67 percent of all the cloud revenue during the quarter.

That percentage has increased since the third quarter of last year, when the triumvirate made up 63 percent of enterprise cloud infra spending.

AWS is still the largest beast in this sector of the compute arena, taking 28 percent of the market, but its lead over Microsoft is now less impressive, with the Redmond giant making up another 20 percent. Google remains in third place on the global stage, at 15 percent.

Among the tier two cloud providers, Synergy reckons those with the highest growth rates include CoreWeave, Oracle, Crusoe, Nebius, and Nscale. However, Oracle accounts for 4 percent of market share, while CoreWeave is another 2 percent.

Other firms with a market share of 1 percent (to the nearest percentage point) include IBM, Akamai, Baidu, China Mobile, China Telecom, China Unicom, Snowflake, Tencent, and SAP.

Synergy says that nine rent-a-gpu neocloud operators are now among the top 40 cloud providers, based on service revenue.

Geographically, the US remains the world’s largest cloud market by some margin, and its share is actually increasing, growing by 49 percent in Q2, well above the worldwide average. Other countries growing at above the average include India, Indonesia, Ireland, Thailand, and Malaysia. In Europe, the largest cloud markets remain the UK and Germany, but the fastest growing markets are Ireland, Norway, Denmark, and Finland.®

Every year, Apple adds a handful of camera features to the iPhone Pro line that sound impressive on paper but change almost nothing about how the phone is actually used. ProRes RAW is not one of those features.

It’s the first time a smartphone has shipped with true RAW video capture, and after spending real time pulling iPhone 17 Pro Max footage into DaVinci Resolve, I don’t think that claim is marketing spin.

What ProRes RAW actually gives you

Need some help with today’s Mini Crossword? It’s a long one today. Read on for all the answers.

Mini across clues and answers

1A clue: Coffee choice before bed
Answer: DECAF

6A clue: Recurring bug?
Answer: CICADA

7A clue: California’s most valuable crop, just barely edging out grapes
Answer: ALMONDS

8A clue: Fist pound
Answer: DAP

9A clue: Back of a soccer goal
Answer: NET

10A clue: Carefully thought (over)
Answer: MULLED

12A clue: Brain sparks
Answer: IDEAS

13A clue: Something that might end after “Pencils down!”
Answer: TEST

Mini down clues and answers

1D clue: Indentations at the end of a smile
Answer: DIMPLES

2D clue: Green: Prefix
Answer: ECO

3D clue: Film festival with the Palme d’Or
Answer: CANNES

4D clue: No ___ sugar (product claim)
Answer: ADDED

5D clue: Speedy
Answer: FAST

6D clue: Anthropic’s A.I. assistant
Answer: CLAUDE

7D clue: Own up to
Answer: ADMIT

11D clue: Back muscle, for short
Answer: LAT

Get CNET’s top-rated VPN for privacy and usability

CNET editor Gael Fashingbauer Cooper, a journalist and pop-culture junkie, is co-author of “Whatever Happened to Pudding Pops? The Lost Toys, Tastes and Trends of the ’70s and ’80s,” as well as “The Totally Sweet ’90s.” She’s been a journalist since 1989, working at Mpls.St.Paul Magazine, Twin Cities Sidewalk, the Minneapolis Star Tribune, and NBC News Digital. She’s Gen X in birthdate, word and deed. If Marathon candy bars ever come back, she’ll be first in line.

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Inkling-Small matches or exceeds Inkling on reasoning and agentic tasks, the company said.

Nvidia-backed Thinking Machines Lab has unveiled a new open-weights model that performs “comparabl[y]” to Inkling, but at one-quarter of its size.

The company launched its first AI model Inkling earlier this month following a mega partnership with Nvidia that gave Thinking Machines access to GB300 NVL72 systems for training. The chipmaker also made a significant investment into the AI company.

Inkling-Small comes in at 276bn total parameters, with 12bn active. Compared to its bigger predecessor, the new model achieves similar performance with much less compute, said Thinking Machines. It matches or exceeds Inkling on reasoning and agentic tasks, the company added.

Artificial Analysis scores Inkling-Small 40pc on the Intelligence Index, placing it “well above average” relative to other comparable models. Inkling hits 41pc while DeepSeek V4 Flash matches Inkling-Small at 40pc. At 93 tokens per second, the model is also faster than the average, according to the benchmark.

On Humanity’s Last Exam, the new model scored above 31pc, ahead of Inkling’s 29.7pc, and on SWEBench-Verified, it crossed 80pc. The model takes text, image, and audio inputs, and outputs text.

Thinking Machines said that Inkling-Small, much like Inkling, is suited for real-world applications such as cropping, zooming and programmatic image inspection, improving usability on documents and charts where information could be difficult to read directly.

“Inkling-Small was made in pursuit of our mission to build AI that extends human will and judgement,” the company said. “Tinker customers have seen first-hand that the right fine-tuned model can outperform closed models on a variety of tasks, and do so faster and cheaper.”

The Mira Murati-led company is focused on creating highly customisable AI systems, according to its website.

Inkling is designed to be broad, the company explained at the time of its launch. “We trained it across agentic, reasoning, coding, instruction-following, factuality, vision and audio tasks, rather than narrowly optimising for one domain,” it said earlier this month.

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