The CBOE Volatility Index, Wall Street’s primary measure of expected market turbulence, climbed 3.66% Thursday, rising 0.57 points to 16.24, as a renewed selloff in semiconductor stocks and lingering geopolitical tensions in the Middle East pushed investors back toward hedging strategies after a brief period of calm earlier in the week.

The move higher followed a close of 15.67 on Wednesday, when major U.S. stock indexes rallied broadly on cooler-than-expected inflation data. Thursday’s jump reversed that decline in volatility as technology and chip stocks came under renewed pressure, with the Nasdaq Composite falling more than 1% during the session even as the Dow Jones Industrial Average managed a modest gain, a divergence that has become increasingly common as investors reassess valuations across the artificial intelligence trade.

The VIX, often referred to as Wall Street’s “fear gauge,” measures the market’s expectation of volatility in the S&P 500 over the coming 30 days, derived from real-time pricing in S&P 500 index options. The index tends to move inversely with the broader stock market, rising when investors rush to buy protective options during periods of uncertainty and falling when demand for such hedges eases during calmer stretches. Thursday’s reading of 16.24 remains within what market analysts generally characterize as a “mid” range for the index, spanning roughly 12 to 20, a level historically associated with normal, non-crisis market conditions rather than acute distress.

Still, Thursday’s increase reflects a broader pattern of volatility that has persisted through much of July as investors have grappled with an unusually complex mix of catalysts. Chief among them has been the ongoing conflict between the United States and Iran, centered on the Strait of Hormuz, a critical corridor through which roughly one-fifth of global oil trade passes. The volatility gauge spiked to an intraday high of 17.40 on July 13 after the U.S. and Iran exchanged fresh military strikes over the preceding weekend, with both sides offering conflicting accounts of whether the strategic waterway remained open to commercial shipping. That spike coincided with a sharp selloff in equities, as the Nasdaq fell 1.5% and the S&P 500 declined roughly 0.8% that day, while Brent crude oil jumped more than 9% to above $83 a barrel.

Volatility in oil markets has closely tracked the swings in equity market sentiment throughout the conflict. Options market data tracked by Cboe show that one-month implied volatility for West Texas Intermediate crude surged as high as 68% at one point last week before easing to around 51% by the end of the week, as fears of a prolonged and severe disruption to oil supply moderated somewhat following the initial round of strikes. Notably, despite the sharp moves in energy markets, broader U.S. inflation expectations have shown relatively little reaction to the latest run-up in oil prices, a marked contrast to the inflationary shock that followed Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022, according to data compiled by Cboe.

The VIX has swung considerably over the course of 2026, reflecting a year marked by alternating waves of optimism around artificial intelligence spending and periodic bouts of anxiety tied to chip-sector valuations, inflation data and geopolitical risk. The index’s 52-week high of 35.30 was reached on March 9, a period of heightened market stress, while its 52-week low of 13.38 came on December 24 of last year, during a stretch of relative calm heading into the new year.

Recent weeks have illustrated just how sensitive the volatility index remains to shifts in the technology sector specifically. Chip stocks have whipsawed repeatedly since late spring, with sharp single-day selloffs followed by equally sharp rebounds as investors debate whether current spending levels tied to the AI buildout can be sustained. Earlier in June, the volatility gauge briefly tumbled as investors bid up shares of newly public companies including SpaceX, only to reverse a week later as what market commentators described as a “crash up” in chip stocks unwound just as quickly as it had begun.

Market strategists caution that a single day’s move in the VIX carries less significance than the broader trend and rate of change over time. A jump from the mid-teens to the low 20s over the course of several sessions, for instance, is generally viewed as more informative than the index holding steady at an elevated level for an extended period. Analysts also often examine the VIX in conjunction with the broader Fear and Greed Index, a composite measure that combines volatility with six other indicators, including market momentum, safe-haven demand and options market activity, to gauge whether investor sentiment has become excessively fearful or excessively greedy relative to historical norms.

For now, Thursday’s uptick in the VIX appears consistent with a market caught between competing forces: strong second-quarter earnings from several major companies, including Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing, UnitedHealth Group and GE Aerospace, set against renewed skepticism about elevated valuations in AI-linked technology stocks and the unresolved military standoff between the United States and Iran. With crude oil prices remaining elevated and the Federal Reserve’s next policy meeting scheduled for July 28-29, traders said they expect volatility to remain a persistent feature of markets in the weeks ahead, even as the VIX’s current level suggests investors are not yet pricing in the kind of acute stress seen during past market crises.

Options traders will likely continue watching the relationship between near-term and longer-dated VIX futures contracts for additional signals about market expectations, a dynamic known as the volatility term structure that can offer clues about whether investors anticipate current turbulence to persist or fade in the months ahead.