The introduction of optical media in the form of CDs meant a revolution in the world of gaming consoles, escaping the restrictions of a few dozen MB of storage and instead offering a theoretically infinite amount of storage through the miracle and tedium of swapping discs. After the SNES narrowly escaped getting a CD add-on and the N64 doubled down on cartridges, we can now at least get an impression of what it’d be like if the Nintendo Entertainment System had been gifted a CD add-on back in the 1980s, courtesy of a project by [Throaty Mumbo].
The NES future we could have had.
There’s also an accompanying video containing typical hijinks and a demonstration of this system. Initially [Throaty Mumbo] was going to make a SNES CD add-on to match that console’s initial prototype, but doing it for the NES seemed more fun. Obviously, since the NES is quite limited hardware-wise it was always going to be a struggle, even if the original front-loading NES conveniently has a mostly unused expansion slot.
On the custom PCB there is an RP2350B microcontroller that mediates between an Everdrive N8 Pro cartridge and an IDE CD drive, along with a PCM5102 audio DAC. The expansion port is hereby used to receive the audio samples on its audio mix input pin, along with power. After boot the game ROM is read off the CD by the MCU and streamed over USB to the Everdrive.
We spend hours testing every product or service we review, so you can be sure you’re buying the best. Find out more about how we test.
MechLands Vibe99: One-minute review
The MechLands Vibe99 is a mechanical keyboard that takes aim at the budget-end of the market, but does so without any apparent sacrifices to features or performance.
It doesn’t make a great first impression, however. The retro aesthetic fails to charm, with its chunky design and the copious amounts of grey in my review unit merely looking downmarket. Fortunately, the bright and customizable RGB backlighting does help to liven it up a little.
Advertisement
The build quality isn’t terribly impressive, either. The plastic chassis is solid but doesn’t feel premium. Fortunately, the Double-shot PBT keycaps are much better, although their opaque legends don’t allow that aforementioned backlighting to shine through. Their Fn shortcuts aren’t labelled, either, unlike those installed in the best gaming keyboards.
Latest Videos FromTechRadar
(Image credit: Future)
However, the compact width of the Vibe99 is impressive, and thanks to the smart 1800 layout, you still get plenty of keys. What’s more, it also features an integrated screen. It may be a basic TFT affair with limited information displayed, but what it does show is useful, such as the time, date, and battery level. You can also upload GIFs to it if you so wish, but I wouldn’t advise that you do, given the screen’s small size and low fidelity.
Advertisement
You’ll need to use MechLand’s peripheral software to upload them, but it takes an incredibly long time to do so, and you can’t do much else while it’s in progress. What’s more, the whole app has a poor UI, lacking sharpness and clarity. The remapping suite is also disappointing, with only a basic selection of assignments and no direct visual indication of your rebindings.
The performance of the Vibe99 itself fares better. The keys are generously lubed yet quite clicky, lacking the dampening of the very best in the space. However, they’re satisfying to use and have plenty of snap, actuating and rebounding quickly while forgiving accidental hits. The natural tilt of the layout and the folding feet help to make the board more comfortable to use as well, although I still wish it came with a wrist rest.
It’s impressive that the Vibe99 offers all that it does at such a low price point. It’s far cheaper than many of the mechanical models offered by the big brands, and it’s even cheaper than some other great budget options. It’s not perfect, and the software isn’t as good as it should be, but the Vibe99 is still worth shortlisting if you’re looking to save.
Sign up for breaking news, reviews, opinion, top tech deals, and more.
Advertisement
(Image credit: Future)
MechLands Vibe99 review: Price & availability
$82.99 / £63.99 / AU$120
Available now
One of the cheapest mechanical keyboards around
The Vibe99 costs $82.99 / £63.99 / AU$120 and is available now in various colorways but with one switch type, which is MechLand’s Linear Mint model. It comes with a keycap puller and a braided USB cable.
This is a very competitive price for a 1800 wireless mechanical keyboard with hot-swappable switches. It’s even cheaper than the aluminum variant of the MonsGeek FUN60 Ultra, which has fewer keys. However, the build quality of that board is superior, and thanks to its analog switches, it has far more performance-related tweaks.
The Vibe99 is also considerably cheaper than big-name mechanical models, such as the Razer BlackWidow V4 Pro 75%. But the BlackWidow has a far superior build and unrivaled performance, thanks to the glorious response of its switches. Its software is much better, too.
Advertisement
MechLands Vibe99 review: Specs
Swipe to scroll horizontally
Layout
1800
Switch
Mechanical (MechLands Cream Mint Linear)
Advertisement
Programmable keys
Yes
Dimensions
16.5 x 5.9 x 1.7 inch (418 x 150 x 42mm)
Advertisement
RGB or backlighting
Yes (customizable)
(Image credit: Future)
MechLands Vibe99 review: Design & features
Tired looks
Cheap-feeling plastics
Poor software
The Vibe99 aims for that faux-retro appeal, but I don’t think it succeeds. Not only does the thick base look dated, but the grey and black finish of my review unit looked quite dour. The bright RGB backlighting did at least add some vividness though.
Unfortunately, the build quality isn’t anything to write home about either. Although it feels solid enough, the plastics used throughout feel cut-price, especially when compared to the aluminum frames of more upmarket gaming keyboards. Its saving grace is its keycaps, which have a Cherry profile and are made from Double-shot PBT. They’re also solidly installed with next to no play. However, it’s a shame their legends aren’t transparent to allow the backlighting to shine through. Also, the default Fn shortcuts across the Function row and dotted around elsewhere aren’t labelled, so you’ll have to commit them to memory.
Advertisement
To speak in favor of the Vibe99’s design, it’s an impressively compact board, and its 1800 layout means it still manages to feature plenty of keys, including a number pad. It’s also quite light, which makes it easy to maneuver when required.
(Image credit: Future)
What’s more, a TFT display is nestled in the top corner, and while it’s small with a low resolution, it still provides some useful readouts, such as those for the time, date, and the battery life. You can also upload custom GIFs to it via the MechLands’ software for Windows, although I’m not sure it’s worth the effort given the screen’s quality.
This software also lets you record macros and customize the Vibe99’s backlighting. You can remap keys here as well, although the selection on offer is quite lackluster, with only a handful of system and media shortcuts available. What’s more, your selected bindings aren’t shown on the layout map directly; you have to hover over each individual key to see your remapped function, which is highly impractical.
The rest of the app’s UI has issues, too. Text and various other elements are fuzzy and sometimes oddly proportioned. Worse still is the aforementioned GIF uploader: during my testing it took an achingly long time for one to upload, and most of the app was inaccessible during the process. To add insult to injury, the dialog box for its progress remained on top of all my other windows, not just the app’s. If you’re hoping such issues will be patched, I wouldn’t get your hopes up; according to MechLand’s website, the last update for the software was in 2025.
Advertisement
(Image credit: Future)
MechLands Vibe99 review: Performance
Pre-lubed keys
Snappy response
Needs wrist support
In contrast to its somewhat incompetent software, the Vibe99 is a solid and impressive performer. The keys are well lubed, which makes them feel less harsh when pressed, yet they still retain a gratifying clickiness. They’re relatively loud, but thankfully the noise isn’t grating.
They’re also quite snappy, thanks to their reasonably shallow actuation point and fast rebound. However, they’re not so reactive that mere grazes will trigger them, which means you won’t be making many typos.
(Image credit: Future)
What also helps with typing are the keycaps, with their low Cherry profile making them easy to glide over. Additionally, they’re spaced far enough apart to prevent mis-hits, yet close enough to make gaming comfortable, with various common keys remaining easy to reach from the WASD position. The space bar is a triumph as well — the combination of its low profile and sloping shape makes it conducive to direct hits on its top surface, rather than on its back edge.
However, the Vibe99 really needs to be paired with a wrist rest to make it comfortable for long sessions. That aforementioned thick chassis strained my wrists as I reached for the keys. The natural tilt of the layout and the unit’s fold-out feet improve ergonomics to an extent, but neither can compensate entirely for the lack of additional support.
Advertisement
The Vibe99 connected to my Windows PCs via the 2.4GHz dongle and Bluetooth just fine, and hot-switching between them was quick thanks to the toggle switch on the back of the unit.
Should I buy the MechLands Vibe99?
Scorecard
Swipe to scroll horizontally
Attributes
Advertisement
Notes
Rating
Value
This keyboard has one of the best price-to-spec ratios I’ve ever seen.
Advertisement
4.5 / 5
Design and features
Solid enough, but it doesn’t look or feel premium. The software is functional but barebones and features a poor UI.
3 / 5
Advertisement
Performance
The switches are well lubed and have a snappy response. However, you’ll need some additional wrist support to get comfortable.
4 / 5
Overall
Advertisement
The Vibe99 is a veritable bargain at this price, considering all that it offers. You’ll need to bring your own wrist support, though, and I hope you’re not after incredible accompanying software.
3.5 / 5
Buy it if…
Advertisement
Don’t buy it if…
MechLands Vibe99 review: Also consider
(Image credit: Future)
How I tested the MechLands Vibe99
Tested for several weeks
Used for a variety of tasks
Plentiful gaming keyboard experience
I tested the Vibe99 for several weeks, during which time I used it for gaming, working, and general productivity. I used it with two Windows 11 PCs, one connected via the 2.4GHz dongle and the other via Bluetooth, and regularly hot-switched between them.
One of the games I played with the keyboard was Counter-Strike 2, which is a great test for peripherals since it requires quick and accurate movements.
Advertisement
I’ve been PC gaming for over a decade, and have used a large number of keyboards in that time. I’ve also reviewed plenty of them, from budget offerings to premium models from the likes of Razer, Corsair, and SteelSeries.
“Multikernel Technologies has put out mklinux v7.0-mk2, the first public release of the multikernel Linux tree it’s been building since last year,” reports the blog It’s FOSS:
The basic premise of the project is that one physical server can run several independent Linux kernels side by side, each with its own dedicated CPUs and memory. So, the same box could run a database on one kernel and a GPU training job on another without either kernel touching the other’s resources… One kernel runs as the host, controlling the machine’s CPUs, memory, and PCI devices. When it spins up a new kernel instance, that instance gets its own dedicated slice of hardware and boots straight onto it using Linux’s kexec mechanism, running natively rather than under a hypervisor.
The host tracks all of this through device tree overlays under /sys/fs/multikernel/, and it can shift hardware between running instances while everything stays up.
That’s a different setup from both VMs and containers. A VM still puts a hypervisor and a host kernel between the app and the hardware. A container skips the hypervisor, but every tenant on the machine shares one kernel… This release only supports x86_64 hardware, though Multikernel Technologies says the architecture-specific code is already modular enough for other ports to follow later.
Advertisement
The article notes they’re selling multiple products based on the kernel tree, including one for running AI agents in their own kernel with direct GPU access and one that promises to patch a running kernel without taking the system down.
Multiple extensions for Google Chrome and Microsoft Edge delivered a malware framework that deployed modules to steal cryptocurrency, sensitive data, and browser history, and to inject ClickFix lures.
Researchers say all 19 malicious modules uncovered in the campaign serve distinct purposes and are designed to be “highly extensible.”
The operation was uncovered by application security company Socket, and the investigation indicates that it may have been active since early 2024.
Socket says that when initially published on the Chrome Web Store, many of the extensions provided the advertised functionality and contained no malware.
According to the researchers, five of the extensions were acquired from their original creators and injected with malware via updates delivered automatically.
Advertisement
One example is the “Enable Right Click & Copy — Smart Unlock + OCR” extension, which had a Chrome user base of at least 70,000 when it turned malicious. The number of installs on Edge was 10,000 at the time.
Google caught the threat early and removed the extension from its add-ons marketplace, but at the time of Socket publishing its report, the Edge version remained available.
Malicious extensions available on the Edge add-ons store Source: Socket
Once installed, the malware establishes an encrypted WebSocket connection with command-and-control (C2) servers, downloads JavaScript modules, removes Content Security Policy (CSP) headers from every website visited, and injects malicious scripts into websites through hidden HTML elements.
Socket observed malware modules with the following capabilities:
Draining EVM, Solana, and Tron wallets by hijacking legitimate “Connect Wallet” and “Swap” buttons
Replacing Ledger and Trezor websites with convincing seed-phrase phishing pages
Stealing sessions, tokens, account data, and balances from Coinbase, Binance, Kraken, OKX, MEXC, KuCoin, Bybit, and MetaMask
Recording credentials and form entries across websites
Harvesting Facebook and LinkedIn account information
Exfiltrating browser history
Displaying ClickFix-style fake browser updates that instruct victims to execute attacker-provided commands
Crypto wallet seed theft page Source: Socket
Socket warns that the malicious framework may have more modules and that as the malware evolves over time, new payloads are expected to be deployed.
At the time of publishing, none of the malicious extensions are available in the Chrome Web Store.
Advertisement
Socket’s report provides the full list of extension IDs uncovered in the campaign along with the domains used for C2 communication.
Extension ID
Extension Name
pkoccklolohdacbfooifnpebakpbeipc
Enable Right Click & Copy — Smart Unlock + OCR
fegckejpfnlmfgkfjpinlbgmeeijjkel
Advertisement
RapidLens – Google Lens for Screen Search & Images
kdenlnncndfnhkognokgfpabgkgehodd
QuickLens – Search Screen with Google Lens
jamminefolhgepgihbmcjjhgldbfcikp
Password Protect PDF
inmkjedjdhgpknjogbjomhnbgdccckkg
Allow Copy – Select & Enable Right Click (Edge extension)
Cheap online listings sell universal travel adapters that pack sliding American, British and European prongs plus two USB ports into one small plastic block for just over nine dollars. Brainiac75 bought one and started testing it before anyone would ever pack it for a trip.
Plugging just one plug into a live wall socket is enough to send more than 220 volts racing through the unused metal pins protruding out the other side. A simple resistance test revealed that those pins are indeed linked to the same conductors as the ones being utilized, rather than just sitting there all alone. Make no mistake: those exposed pins aren’t just ghost voltage with a modest current behind them; they’re directly connected to the grid.
Universal Plug Compatibility: Type A (US / Canada / Japan / China), Type C (EU), Type G (UK / Singapore), and Type I (Australia).
Power 5 Devices at Once: Includes 1 AC outlet, 2 USB-A ports, and 2 USB-C ports. The USB ports support up to 20W total output or 15W max when shared…
Exceptionally Compact: Measuring just 3.39 × 1.97 × 0.98 in (86 × 50 × 25 mm), it has a credit card-sized footprint and is 43% smaller than…
When you slide a retractable pin all the way back in, you’d expect the internal switch to disconnect it from the circuit, but that’s not the case. There is no rule requiring you to push every unused set back in before utilizing the adapter. This means that if you forget to plug in the British or American plug, it will still be live while the European plug is snug in the wall, and to make matters worse, that little red power light continues to glow for a while after you unplug the whole thing, though to give the manufacturer credit, the voltage on the pins does drop back down to safe levels pretty quickly.
Ripping open the cover gave us a good idea of why the pins reacted in this way. When you insert one of the prong sets, it presses down on these contacts, which connect to a huge central bus bar. It is a simple design with cheap manufacturing costs. Best of all, there are no restrictions on how many different plug types you can use at the same time; simply slot them all in and you’re good to go.
Those USB ports, on the other hand, were a bit of a surprise, as they were pumping out 5 volts despite the label stating 2.1 amps, and they got up to 2.4 amps on a load test before becoming unstable. Overall, not terrible, albeit they don’t provide any other charging protocols like some other adapters. After taking the device apart, he ended up removing the less useful American and British plug components and simply taping over the holes where they used to be. As a result, we have a USB charger that can accept a Schuko standard connector as well as random non-European plugs, which is more safer. [Source]
One of the more stubborn barriers to personal adoption of solar power is providing sufficient energy to certain power-hungry appliances. The average refrigerator, for example, can be quite the power hog, requiring a hearty injection of juice when it first starts up, followed by consistent power to keep it running. It’s not dissimilar to how an air conditioner works, and an A/C unit would require quite a few panels itself. Optimizing for solar power means figuring out exactly how many solar panels you need to power everything in your home, and if we’re factoring a refrigerator into the equation, you’ll likely need at least 3 to 4 dedicated solar panels for it alone.
The vital quantifier here is that, while just about every type of fridge is generally pretty power-thirsty, its exact power requirements can vary depending on factors like the fridge’s wattage and how large it is. If we’re assuming optimal sunlight draw, the aforementioned 3 to 4 panels can handle most refrigerators, but if you want to optimize even more than that, we need to take a look at the nitty-gritty details.
Advertisement
Requirements vary depending on the fridge’s size and wattage
Ryanjlane/Getty Images
Let’s say, for example, you had a relatively tiny mini fridge, the kind you’d use in a small camper van or at a jobsite. Compared to full-size models, this kind of fridge has much lower power needs, approximately 300-400 watts to get it going and 100-200 watts to keep it running. For that kind of power, you would only need a single 300W solar panel. So long as you’re getting enough sunlight, that’s more than enough power for both initial plug-in and allowing the fridge to run its cooling cycles.
On the other hand, if you’re looking to power a full-scale French door refrigerator with a lot more cubic feet, that’s naturally going to incur greater power costs. A French door fridge would need about 1,200-1,800 watts to get rolling, followed by 500-700 watts to run its cycles. For that, you would need at least 3 to 4 300W solar panels, possibly more just for the initial startup.
It’s also worth noting that a solar panel on its own would only keep a fridge running for as long as the sun is shining, which obviously isn’t all day. If you wanted to power a fridge constantly, regardless of size, you’d also need to consider installing solar batteries on your home or buying a portable power station. Either would allow you to store sufficient excess power to keep things running through the night.
In July and August, Washington tightened restrictions on foreign-made advanced robotic systems and imposed steep tariffs on imported drones and their components, both moves citing national-security concerns. The drone tariffs take effect in September, with additional component tariffs following in 2027.
These moves are part of a broader U.S. effort to restrict foreign technology in strategically important industries. The FCC’s Covered List, established in 2021, initially targeted telecommunications and surveillance equipment from companies including Huawei, ZTE and Hikvision before expanding to foreign-made drones and, most recently, to advanced robotic devices.
The latest move comes as Chinese manufacturers have built commanding positions in both drones and humanoid robots, often competing at prices U.S. and European rivals struggle to match.
Taken together, the restrictions are raising a bigger question for the global robotics industry: If Chinese drones and humanoids are increasingly shut out of the U.S., where does the competition move next?
Advertisement
The restrictions may protect parts of the American market, but they don’t directly address China’s global manufacturing scale and cost advantages.
Industry analysts and executives who spoke with TechCrunch said the result may be less a clean U.S.-China split than a more fragmented global market, with Chinese companies expanding elsewhere while U.S. and allied manufacturers compete in markets where security requirements matter more.
The Scale Gap
The U.S. and Chinese robotics industries remain deeply connected, but the two countries enter the competition with very different advantages. Unlike semiconductors, robotics does not hinge on a single technology that one country can easily control, said Ankur Saxena, an investment director at TDK Ventures.
China dominates global humanoid robot manufacturing, with global shipments hitting 22,000 units in the first half of this year — the vast majority from Chinese manufacturers — according to a report by Counterpoint. U.S. companies, by contrast, are operating at a far smaller scale, said Soumen Mandal, a principal analyst at Counterpoint Research.
Advertisement
The world’s five largest humanoid robot makers by shipments — AgiBot, Unitree, Galbot, UBTECH and Leju Robotics — were all Chinese and together accounted for 86% of global shipments in the first half of 2026, according to Counterpoint.
That advantage could compound. Lower prices allow Chinese manufacturers to put more robots into use, generating real-world data that can improve their technology. Higher production volumes, in turn, can drive costs down further, Saxena said.
Mandal said Chinese humanoid makers are also pushing costs down by bringing more of the technology stack in-house and drawing on China’s existing manufacturing base. Unitree, for example, is developing more components internally, while automakers such as XPeng can draw on their experience in chips and vehicle manufacturing as they move into robotics.
“The United States leads in frontier AI, software and semiconductor innovation,” Saxena told TechCrunch. “China leads in manufacturing scale, supply-chain depth and cost.”
Advertisement
That manufacturing edge has let Chinese companies cut humanoid prices faster than most U.S. competitors can match.
“You cannot sanction your way around a cost curve. You can only out-build it, and America has yet to begin making the decade-long investment that will require,” Saxena said.
Where Does China Go Next?
The answer may increasingly be outside the U.S. Even if Chinese robotics companies lose access to the American market, they still have a large domestic market and room to expand elsewhere, particularly in regions where demand for affordable automation is growing, Saxena said.
Chinese robotics companies are already targeting price-sensitive markets with severe labor shortages across Europe, Southeast Asia, Latin America and the Middle East, said Mandal.
Advertisement
Mandal expects humanoid makers to follow a path similar to Chinese electric-vehicle companies: build scale at home, expand into overseas markets, and eventually establish local production. Countries facing labor shortages and demographic decline could become early markets for humanoids, particularly in manufacturing, where robots can take on repetitive work.
The drone market offers an early glimpse of what that more fragmented robotics landscape could look like. The industry is increasingly splitting into two ecosystems: a U.S.-led market built around American-made, NDAA-compliant systems, and a China-led market focused on low-cost, high-volume production, said Bentzion Levinson, founder and CEO of Virginia-based drone maker Heven AeroTech.
Levinson said Western manufacturers are unlikely to beat Chinese companies in the low-end consumer drone market, where cost remains a major advantage. Instead, U.S. and allied companies could increasingly compete in long-range autonomous systems for defense and critical infrastructure, where security requirements carry more weight.
Levinson sees the next competitive frontier shifting from the drones themselves to the technology that powers them and the equipment they carry. “The next battleground is over who owns the next-gen energy and payload architecture,” he said, pointing to battery constraints in particular. As drones become more capable, he added, battery limitations could make power systems an increasingly important point of competition.
Advertisement
Agility Robotics welcomed the FCC’s decision in July, saying it could address security concerns around foreign-made advanced robots before they become deeply embedded in the U.S. market, as has happened in the drone industry. The company pointed to its Digit humanoid, which is designed and assembled in the U.S., while also calling for continued access to the tools and technologies needed to advance robotics research.
A More Regional Robotics Market
“The alternative to China isn’t a purely domestic U.S. supply chain; it’s a diversified allied one,” Saxena said.
That could create opportunities elsewhere in Asia. Japan has decades of experience in industrial robotics and precision manufacturing, South Korea brings strengths in electronics, batteries and automobiles, and Taiwan is a major player in semiconductors. But none can simply replace China, Saxena said, given how deeply Chinese components remain embedded across the global robotics industry.
Asian manufacturers could emerge as a middle ground between lower-cost Chinese robots and more expensive U.S. offerings, Mandal said. South Korea’s Hyundai, which owns Boston Dynamics, and Japan’s Toyota are among the automakers investing in robotics, drawing on their expertise in vehicles, manufacturing and autonomous systems as they move into humanoid robots.
Advertisement
Yang Fang of Beagle Technology, a California-based agtech startup that uses AI and robotics software to turn conventional farm equipment into autonomous machines, told TechCrunch that robotics is likely to become more regional as companies design machines for the labor needs, working conditions and customers in their home markets. Chinese robotics companies, for example, may focus on products suited to China and nearby markets, while U.S. companies are more likely to build for industries across North America, he said.
The result may not be two neatly separated U.S.- and China-led robotics industries. Instead, the restrictions could accelerate the emergence of regional markets: Chinese companies competing on cost and scale across much of the world, U.S. and allied manufacturers gaining ground where security requirements matter most, and manufacturers in Japan, Taiwan and South Korea trying to carve out space between the two.
When you purchase through links in our articles, we may earn a small commission. This doesn’t affect our editorial independence.
An appeals court in California has resurrected a 2022 lawsuit over claims Apple convinced them not to use a third-party repair service to fix cracked iPhone screens.
In the last few years, Apple has been more open to enabling repairs of its hardware performed outside of its support ecosystem. While its position has relaxed a lot, it still has to deal with its policies from prior years.
A filing for the Court of Appeal for the State of California in August reveals a panel has reversed an earlier court’s ruling to quash a lawsuit over Apple’s repair policies. The three-judge appeals Sixth Appellate District panel has brought the lawsuit back to life.
In 2022, plaintiffs Jesse Granato and Janice Zarad said they were told by an Apple employee in 2021 that using a third-party repair service would void their warranty coverage. The Courthouse News Servicereports the plaintiffs claim this encouraged them to pay for a screen repair through Apple itself.
Advertisement
The lawsuit accused Apple of inflating the cost of independent repairs in various ways, including withholding parts, manuals, and software. It also allegedly conditioned warranties on using authorized repair shops.
A Santa Clara Superior Court judge agreed with Apple’s response that the lawsuit lacked standing under the state’s unfair competition law. Something the Court of Appeal overturned in 2026.
Repairing the lawsuit
In the unanimous decision, the judges explain that, as pleaded, Apple’s practices at the time “substantially injure consumers by allowing Apple to extract inflated payments for repairs or to increase demand for new products by incentivizing replacement over repair.”
The plaintiffs also couldn’t identify any benefit to Apple’s repair policies that outweighed the harm they caused, wrote acting presiding Associate Justice Cynthia Lie.
Advertisement
The panel decided that the plaintiffs had adequately pleaded under the unfair competition claim.
The plaintiffs also attempted to claim that Apple had violated the California 2024 Right to Repair Act, which Apple actually backed. However, the panel pointed out that the law was enacted after the initial suit was filed.
There was also an alleged violation of the 1975 Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act, by Apple allegedly refusing and instructing authorized repair shops to refuse in-warranty services, if repairs were performed elsewhere outside of any warranty.
However, while Lie explains the plaintiffs hadn’t adequately managed to claim the violation of the law, it was ruled that the claims violated the spirit of the law.
Advertisement
The case, revived, has been remanded to a lower court.
Humanoid robots, even scaled-down ones, tend to be expensive. The Berkeley Humanoid Lite offers a more accessible and economical option by centering the design around 3D printed actuators that make up the bulk of the robot’s frame.
The actuators are made by combining motors with printed cycloidal gearboxes and an embedded magnetic encoder. They’re modular, so even if one has no desire to recreate the whole robot it might be worth checking out the actuator design details to see if they might be useful in some other way.
The Berkeley Humanoid Lite isn’t a finished product so much as an open-source, easily customized reference design. The GitHub repository contains everything one might need, and you can watch some basic demonstrations, including VR-driven teleoperation, in the video embedded below.
At a total hardware cost of under $5,000 USD it’s still expensive, but much more economical than other humanoid robots, open-source or not. As mentioned, even if one doesn’t plan to build one, the modular actuator design is worth keeping in mind for other purposes.
In the very first moments of the universe, matter didn’t exist as we know today. A millionth of a second or so after the big bang, the universe was a dense, hot soup scientists call quark-gluon plasma (QGP). For several years, particle colliders—which smash molecules together at nearly the speed of light—have been able to replicate this state, but often using heavy elements like lead.
Now, a recent experiment by the European Organization for Nuclear Research (also known as CERN from its French acronym) has demonstrated this plasma can be produced by much smaller collisions. Since there’s no longer an accessible natural source of this primordial sludge, these micro big bangs can help reveal what happened in the first few minutes of our universe.
First, a little context. Quarks are what make up protons and neutrons, which, in turn, are the building blocks of atoms and thus all matter. Meanwhile, gluons—as their name suggests—stick quarks together.
During the first microseconds of the universe, quarks and gluons were not yet confined within protons and neutrons but instead formed an extremely hot plasma. As the universe expanded, the matter cooled, and the quarks condensed into larger particles.
Advertisement
After decades of studying QGP in large nuclear collisions, physicists are now trying to understand the limits of this strange state of matter. In particular, they are exploring just how much they can scale down a collision and still observe a collection of particles that behaves like a drop of fluid.
According to a recent article in Physical Review Letters, CERN and an international team of collaborators were able to generate the substance using oxygen-16 and neon-20. Both are less than a tenth of the weight of a lead atom, which was previously considered one of the lightest elements capable of generating QGP.
“We have pushed the boundary for how small the atomic nuclei can be while still re-creating this primordial matter—what you could call a ‘little big bang.’ We now know more about the fundamental conditions required for matter to transition into this extreme state,” You Zhou, a researcher at the Niels Bohr Institute in the Netherlands and a coauthor of the study, explained in a press release.
The scientists found that, despite the small size of the oxygen and neon nuclei, the collisions produced signals consistent with the behavior they expected to find in QGP. For an instant, the generated matter appeared to expand collectively like a fluid before cooling and reverting to particles.
Advertisement
“Hopefully, this will help us better understand how the plasma behaved during the first moments of the universe—and how it later evolved into the forms of matter that everything around us is made of,” Zhou added.
This story originally appeared onWIRED en Españoland has been translated from Spanish.
The Internet Archive has a habit of preserving unique things, ones that nobody else thought about, and its newest collection is the best example yet. I’d say it’s one that every AI historian should bookmark.
Created by Jason Scott, the new collection gathers emulated software from the 1970s through the 1990s. All of them are playable directly in a browser. While none of them actually think in any real sense, the idea is how convincing these decades-old programs can be at simulating the experience of talking to a real person.
Out of all the entries in the collection, ELIZA anchors the set. Joseph Weizenbaum’s DOCTOR script, which was originally built to mimic a therapist, worked so well that early users reportedly opened up to it as if it were a real person, a trick that still deserves some credit even decades later.
The software was rewritten so many times that the archive holds dozens of versions. Then there’s Racter, a commercial chatbot from 1985 that went well beyond conversation. It generated full passages of prose, and some of them were so strange that they ended up in published work. Consider it an eerie prequel to what LLMs can do today.
Beyond the chatbots, Activision’s Alter Ego walks you through simulated life stages as a psychologist-designed decision game. On the other hand, Little Computer People, built by Pitfall! creator David Crane, imagines what it would be like if tiny people were secretly living inside your machine. If you ask me, it was oddly ahead of its time.
Suspended splits a cryogenically frozen player’s mind across six separate robots. Each one handles a different task alone, a structure that feels startlingly familiar today. The collection also pays homage to early autonomous agent games like Robot War, where players pre-programmed warriors to battle automatically.
If you’re curious, just poke around the collection directly on Internet Archive’s site right now. It doesn’t require any downloads or setup. Everything runs through in-browser emulation. It’s a genuinely fun way to trace how today’s AI conversations started decades before they got complicated, and well worth losing an afternoon to.
You must be logged in to post a comment Login