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240 millionaires revealed in HMRC data

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The UK has emerged as one of the major hubs for crypto adoption, with over 7 million adults (around 12% of the population) owning digital assets.

Some 240 people declared more than £1 million each in capital gains from cryptoassets in the 2024 to 2025 tax year, according to figures published by HM Revenue and Customs, with the group reporting £717 million in gains between them.

In total, 17,600 individuals made disposals of cryptoassets such as Bitcoin, Ethereum and Dogecoin that were liable to Capital Gains Tax during the year. Between them they reported disposal proceeds of £13.8 billion and gains of £1.38 billion, an average gain of £78,000 per person. Around 87 per cent of those reporting cryptoasset gains were male and around 13 per cent were female.

The figures, published as part of HMRC’s annual Capital Gains Tax statistics, are the first of their kind. HMRC has been able to isolate crypto gains following the introduction of a dedicated part of the Self Assessment return for cryptoasset capital gains, giving the tax authority, and the wider public, a first clear view of how much money is being made from digital assets in the UK.

Exchanges will hand over customer data from 2027

The disclosure comes as HMRC prepares for a step up in its visibility of crypto trading. From January 2026, the UK began implementing the Cryptoasset Reporting Framework, an international standard developed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.

Under the framework, cryptoasset service providers will be required to report customer information to tax authorities, and HMRC will start receiving that data from 2027, helping it to identify cryptoasset gains and income that have not been declared. Service providers that fail to comply may face penalties of up to £300 per user, under data sharing rules for crypto platforms that mirror the information banks already pass to the taxman.

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James Murray MP, Financial Secretary to the Treasury and Paymaster General, said: “Taxes are due on cryptoasset gains just like any other gains, and we want to make sure people making gains from crypto know about what taxes they owe.

“This important work is supporting the Government’s efforts to close the tax gap, so that everyone pays their fair share towards our vital public services.”

What business owners need to check

For company directors and the self-employed who hold or accept crypto, the tax treatment reaches further than many assume. Capital Gains Tax may apply when an individual disposes of cryptoassets, and that includes exchanging one type of cryptoasset for another, not just cashing out into pounds. Income Tax and National Insurance may apply to cryptoassets received through employment, self-employment, mining, staking or lending.

The new figures arrive at a time when capital gains tax receipts have been falling overall, sharpening the Treasury’s interest in gains that currently go unreported.

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John-Paul Marks, HMRC’s Permanent Secretary and Chief Executive, said: “We want to make it as easy as possible for people to understand and meet their tax obligations when it comes to cryptoassets.

“As new international reporting rules come into force, it’s more important than ever for people to check they are paying any tax owed.”

Anyone with undeclared income or gains from cryptoassets can put their affairs in order through the Crypto Disclosure Service on GOV.UK. Gains above the tax free allowance for the 2025 to 2026 tax year must be declared, and any tax paid, through Self Assessment by the deadline of 31 January 2027.


Jamie Young

Jamie Young

Jamie Young is Senior Reporter at Business Matters, covering SME finance, employment law and Westminster policy since 2016. He has reported on every Budget and Autumn Statement since 2018, helped make sense of the ‘covid era’ and the bounce-back loan scheme from launch through the fraud investigations, and broke the magazine’s coverage of the 2024 late-payment reforms. He joined Business Matters straight from completing his BA in Administration from Exeter University and is NCTJ-qualified. Reach him at jyoung@cbmeg.co.uk

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AI investment advice trusted by young investors, FCA finds

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AI investment advice trusted by young investors, FCA finds

Young and less experienced investors now place more trust in artificial intelligence than in television, radio or social media influencers, according to research from the Financial Conduct Authority, which warns that many are leaning on AI without understanding how little protection they have if its guidance goes wrong.

Four in five less experienced investors have used AI for help with investment decisions, and about two thirds reported doing so occasionally or regularly. More than half of those questioned, 56 per cent, said they would trust AI tools, even though almost three quarters, 73 per cent, know that AI can provide inaccurate information.

Traditional sources fare worse. Just under half of respondents, 47 per cent, said they trust television and radio, 46 per cent trust the press, and less than a third, 29 per cent, trust social media influencers, according to the regulator’s survey, which polled 666 UK adults aged 18 to 40 who own investments or would consider buying them in the next year.

The protection gap

The FCA’s bigger concern is what investors believe happens when AI gets it wrong. Almost half, 44 per cent, mistakenly believed AI-generated financial information was regulated, and more than a third, 38 per cent, admitted to thinking an investment decision based solely on AI was fine.

About a third, 32 per cent, wrongly thought they would be entitled to reparation from the Financial Services Compensation Scheme or the Financial Ombudsman Service if AI advice were to be wrong. In reality those protections are limited to people who have received advice that causes harm through an authorised financial adviser, and an investment is not considered for compensation simply because it subsequently performs poorly.

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General purpose AI chatbots are not regulated, although tools specifically set up to provide financial advice could fall within the FCA’s remit. If a firm regulated by the FCA were to launch its own AI tool providing regulated financial advice, those using it may be eligible for protection. The regulator has been running live trials of such technology, with Barclays and Lloyds among the banks testing AI tools in its AI sandbox programme.

Use your own judgment

Lucy Castledine, director of consumer investments at the FCA, said: “AI can help you research companies, understand jargon or explore options before you make a decision. But you need to understand how you’re protected and continue to use your own judgment.”

The FCA advised those thinking of investing to make the final decision themselves, to verify the information AI offers, to think long term, and to remember that AI can only work from historical data, meaning it cannot predict how a future investment will perform.

While AI can summarise complex topics and make research more time-efficient, it can also produce incorrect information, known as hallucinations. The regulator publishes guidance on using AI for investment research on its InvestSmart website, alongside explanations of different schemes, golden rules for smart investors, and material on crypto and high-risk investments. It also offers a tool to help investors understand whether they are informed or likely to act rationally, so they can better understand what influences their decision-making.

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Jamie Young

Jamie Young

Jamie Young is Senior Reporter at Business Matters, covering SME finance, employment law and Westminster policy since 2016. He has reported on every Budget and Autumn Statement since 2018, helped make sense of the ‘covid era’ and the bounce-back loan scheme from launch through the fraud investigations, and broke the magazine’s coverage of the 2024 late-payment reforms. He joined Business Matters straight from completing his BA in Administration from Exeter University and is NCTJ-qualified. Reach him at jyoung@cbmeg.co.uk

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Nvidia to start employee-funded US political action committee

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Nvidia to start employee-funded US political action committee

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Corby Spirit and Wine Limited (CSW.A:CA) Q4 2026 Earnings Call Transcript

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OneWater Marine Inc. (ONEW) Q1 2026 Earnings Call Transcript