The Dow Jones Industrial Average closed at a record 51,564.70 on Thursday, up 72.15 points, or 0.14%, as Wall Street notched gains across the board heading into a three-day weekend, with U.S. markets closed Friday in observance of the Juneteenth federal holiday.

The primary narrative driving the market Thursday was the resilience of industrial manufacturing and AI-driven hardware, which managed to offset broader weakness in enterprise software and consumer retail. While the index reached new heights, the narrow breadth of the rally suggested selective investor sentiment as the market digested new economic data.

US equities closed higher Thursday, as tech strength and optimism over the US-Iran deal offset concerns over a hawkish Federal Reserve. The S&P 500 advanced 1% and the Nasdaq 100 gained 1.9%, while the Dow rose by 72 points.

Intel Surges on Apple Chip Partnership

The single biggest catalyst behind the broader market’s strength traced back to a surprise announcement involving two of the most closely watched names in American technology. Intel surged 10.6% after President Trump announced that the semiconductor giant would produce chips for Apple in the U.S. The news lifted the broader chip sector, with Nvidia up 2.8% and Micron Technology climbing 8.5%.

AI powerhouse Nvidia continued its upward trajectory, gaining 1.77% to reach $225.01 on news of increased infrastructure spending.

The Iran Peace Deal’s Continued Support for Markets

Beyond the chip sector rally, broader market sentiment continued to benefit from the formalization of an interim Middle East peace agreement that has eased fears of sustained energy price volatility. The interim peace agreement signed by the U.S. and Iran, which includes the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz, raised hopes for an end to the conflict and eased concerns about volatile energy prices.

That improved geopolitical backdrop also lifted travel-related stocks. Airlines saw strong gains, with American Airlines rising 3.3%.

The Fed’s Hawkish Shadow Still Looms

Even with Thursday’s gains, the market continued to grapple with the lingering effects of a notably hawkish signal from the Federal Reserve earlier in the week. The Federal Reserve kept rates steady, with half of officials signaling that at least one rate increase may be warranted this year.

Equity indexes rose and yields were flat Thursday ahead of the open as investors recovered some of the ground lost after the Federal Reserve, in Kevin Warsh’s first meeting as chair, indicated the possibility of a rate hike this year. That recovery followed a difficult session earlier in the week. The Dow Jones Industrial Average had lost more than 500 points Wednesday and the S&P 500 slumped 1.2% as hopes for a more dovish Fed were quickly dashed, with all 11 of its sectors closing in the red.

Winners and Losers Among Dow Components

Thursday’s session produced a notably mixed performance across individual Dow components, even as the index overall closed higher. The day’s top performer was 3M, which jumped 3.70% to $148.62 following a favorable analyst upgrade regarding its lean manufacturing pivot.

Healthcare and defensive stocks also saw significant bids, with Johnson & Johnson rising 1.61% to $227.63 and UnitedHealth Group climbing 1.00% to $399.64. Cisco rounded out the leaders, up 1.33% at $100.48.

On the other side of the ledger, several prominent names posted notable declines. IBM led the retreat, falling 2.42% to $213.40 amid concerns over slowing legacy service contracts. Home Depot dropped 2.14% to $303.85, weighed down by data showing a cooling housing market.

Software giant Salesforce fell 1.64% to $168.45, while Sherwin-Williams and Caterpillar slipped 1.36% and 1.22%, respectively. Financials also faced headwinds, with JPMorgan Chase declining 1.12% to $301.51.

Separate intraday data from Trading Economics offered a slightly different snapshot of sector leadership during the session. The rise was led by Caterpillar, Walt Disney, and Nvidia. On the downside, the weakest performers were IBM, Johnson & Johnson, and JPMorgan.

Trading Volume and Range

The current trading volume for the Dow Jones Industrial Average was 963,501,133 shares. The index’s price ranged from 51,554.53 to 51,949.26 during the session, with an opening price of 51,571.85. Over the past 52 weeks, the Dow has ranged from a low of 41,981.14 to a high of 52,281.19.

A Strong Day Across the Broader Market

Thursday’s gains extended well beyond the Dow’s blue-chip components, with growth-oriented indexes posting even more substantial advances. The S&P 500 closed up 1.08% at 7,500.58, while the Nasdaq Composite surged 1.91% to 26,517.93. The Russell 2000 Index, which tracks smaller companies, gained 2.12%.

The CBOE Volatility Index, often referred to as Wall Street’s fear gauge, fell sharply by 11.06% to 16.40, reflecting a marked reduction in investor anxiety following the prior session’s turbulence.

International markets also largely participated in the rally. Japan’s Nikkei 225 climbed 1.65%, Germany’s DAX rose 0.37%, and France’s CAC 40 gained 0.44%, though Hong Kong’s Hang Seng Index declined 1.59% and London’s FTSE 100 fell 1.04%.

Markets Closed Friday for Juneteenth

With Thursday’s session now in the books, U.S. markets will remain closed for the remainder of the week. The New York Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq will be closed for trading on June 19, 2026, in observance of the federal holiday of Juneteenth. Both major stock exchanges first closed for the holiday in 2022, after Juneteenth was designated as a federal holiday in 2021.

U.S. markets are closed Friday, June 19, in observance of the Juneteenth holiday, with regular market updates set to resume Monday, June 22. The stock and bond markets will reopen Monday, June 22, and it will be business as usual on Wall Street for a few days, with the next scheduled market closure coming Friday, July 3, in observance of Independence Day.

With the Dow notching a fresh record close heading into the holiday weekend, investors will return Monday to assess whether the combination of strong chip-sector momentum, easing Middle East tensions, and a still-uncertain Federal Reserve policy path can sustain the market’s recent upward trajectory. The narrow breadth of Thursday’s rally — concentrated heavily in industrial and AI-related hardware names while software and consumer-facing stocks lagged — suggests that selective investor positioning, rather than broad-based optimism, will likely continue to shape trading patterns as markets resume full activity next week.

Fox Corporation is buying Roku in a cash-and-share deal worth roughly $22bn (about £16.3bn), a bet that bolting its sports and news output onto America’s best-known streaming platform will shore up its position as audiences drift away from traditional television.

The transaction hands Fox a direct line into the more than 100 million households that already use Roku’s streaming devices and smart-TV software. For a business still heavily dependent on cable distribution, that reach offers two prizes at once: a far richer pool of first-party data with which to target advertising, and a route to market that does not run through the pay-TV bundle it has leaned on for decades.

It is the first major acquisition Lachlan Murdoch has overseen since taking the reins of the empire his father, Rupert, assembled. Murdoch, who chairs both Fox and The Times publisher News Corp, described the deal as a “defining moment” that brings “together the most valuable live content portfolio in video consumption with the preeminent streaming platform through which America watches it”. It is also the latest in a run of outsized media-and-technology tie-ups, coming hot on the heels of Elon Musk’s $80bn merger of X and xAI, as owners race to fuse content, platforms and data under one roof.

“In 2020, we acquired Tubi, and under our stewardship it has become one of the most successful businesses in streaming,” Murdoch said. “Today, we take the next step.” That earlier punt on free, ad-supported television has paid off handsomely: Fox’s decision to launch Tubi in the UK underlined how seriously the group now takes the free-streaming market it once treated as an afterthought.

Investors were less enthusiastic about the price tag. Fox shares slid 8 per cent in pre-market trading as the market digested the cost and the share issuance involved. Roku climbed 2.6 per cent to $147.50, though it remained well shy of the $160-a-share offer, a gap that typically signals lingering doubt over whether a deal will complete on its stated terms.

What Roku brings to the table

Roku was among the first companies to carry services such as Netflix and YouTube onto the television set through connected devices and smart TVs. Its income is driven largely by advertising and by subscription revenue earned from the streaming apps that sit on its platform, and it also runs the free-to-watch Roku Channel. Advertising is the larger engine: the platform business generated $613m of revenue in the first quarter, up 27 per cent year on year.

That trajectory matters because the wider market has been anything but smooth. As cash-strapped UK households cancel streaming subscriptions to trim spending, ad-funded “free” tiers have emerged as the industry’s growth story, exactly the territory where Roku and Tubi are strongest.

Under the agreement, Roku shareholders will receive $96 in cash plus about 0.97 Fox Class A shares for each share they hold. That values the company at $160 a share, a premium of 33.7 per cent to Roku’s closing price on the Thursday before reports emerged that it was weighing its options, a sale among them.

While Fox dominates cable through its sports rights and the top-rated Fox News, its streaming footprint has so far been confined to Tubi. Roku widens that considerably, and the enlarged group expects to become the third-largest player in US television by viewership. Fox shareholders will own roughly 73 per cent of the combined company once the deal closes, with Roku investors holding the balance.

Both boards have approved the transaction, which is expected to complete in the first half of next year, according to reporting by Variety and The Hollywood Reporter.

For SME advertisers and media buyers watching from this side of the Atlantic, the significance is less about the headline figure than about the model it endorses: live content plus a distribution platform plus the data to monetise both. If Murdoch’s wager pays off, the combination of premium live programming and connected-TV reach could reset what advertisers expect to buy, and how cheaply challenger brands can reach a national audience.

Amy Ingham

Amy is a newly qualified journalist specialising in business journalism at Business Matters with responsibility for news content for what is now the UK’s largest print and online source of current business news.

Downing Street is pressing the White House for an exemption from a sweeping American export ban that has stripped British users of access to Anthropic’s most advanced artificial intelligence.

After President Trump blocked foreign access to Claude Fable 5 and Mythos 5, two versions of the company’s newest and most capable model, No 10 officials began working the phones across the US administration in search of a UK carve-out. So far the lobbying has produced little. Officials in Washington remain wary that the technology carries security risks once it travels beyond America’s borders.

“There is an effort to seek an exemption, but there are security issues to consider,” said one figure with knowledge of the talks.

For Britain’s businesses, the episode is a sharp lesson in how quickly access to critical infrastructure can be switched off by a decision taken thousands of miles away. The same Mythos model now at the centre of the row had already set off crisis meetings among finance ministers and central bankers earlier this year over its uncanny ability to surface vulnerabilities in widely used software.

The US Department of War has taken the toughest line of all, tearing up a defence contract with Anthropic. The White House, by contrast, had been viewed as the more pragmatic actor — until officials concluded the company had failed to allay their concerns about the new model and moved to drastic action.

Anthropic announced on Friday that all foreign nationals, including its own overseas employees, would be barred from using the model. The company said the government believed there was a method of “jailbreaking”, or bypassing, Fable 5’s safeguards.

“To date, the government has only given us verbal evidence of a potential narrow, non-universal jailbreak, which essentially consists of asking the model to read a specific codebase and fix any software flaws,” Anthropic said. The firm added that it had complied with the legal directive but disagreed with the decision to recall a model relied upon by hundreds of millions of people on the basis of a “narrow potential jailbreak”. “If this standard was applied across the industry, we believe it would essentially halt all new model deployments for all frontier model providers,” it said. Because it could not quickly build nationality-based access controls, the company pulled both Fable 5 and Mythos 5 for users worldwide, Americans included.

The tone from the Pentagon has been unmistakable. On Saturday, Pete Hegseth, the US secretary of war, posted on X: “Three months ago, the Department of War kicked Anthropic out of our building, forever. Every passing day proves why that was the right move.”

For ministers, the affair has crystallised a long-running anxiety about Britain’s dependence on a handful of American AI suppliers. Kanishka Narayan, the UK government’s AI minister, said the ban underlined the importance of building “sovereign AI capability” at home.

“This week, the most advanced AI in the world was cut off for everyone in Britain,” he said. “Not by us, but by a decision taken in another country. We treat every other threat to our sovereignty with deadly seriousness, but we haven’t learnt to treat this one the same way.”

That argument is no longer abstract. The government has already stood up a £500m Sovereign AI fund to back home-grown developers, and private capital is following, with a £1bn push to build Britain’s first fully sovereign AI infrastructure network now under way. The Anthropic ban hands those efforts a powerful new justification, and a warning to every UK firm that has wired a foreign model into its products and processes.

The diplomatic test comes quickly. Sir Keir Starmer is due to meet Trump this week at the G7 summit, where the carve-out is expected to feature in the conversation. For the thousands of British SMEs that have built workflows, customer-service tools and software pipelines around frontier AI, the practical message is blunt: resilience now means knowing exactly which of your suppliers could be switched off overnight, and what you would do the morning it happened.

Amy Ingham

Amy is a newly qualified journalist specialising in business journalism at Business Matters with responsibility for news content for what is now the UK’s largest print and online source of current business news.

Advertisement

Canada’s Cohere is tripling its physical footprint in the UK, signing a lease on a new London office as it races to position itself as the credible alternative to American rivals OpenAI and Anthropic for governments and regulated businesses nervous about handing their data to Silicon Valley.

The artificial intelligence start-up will move into a 14,000 sq ft office at 100 New Oxford Street later this year, leaving its current home in Soho. The new site has room for up to 100 staff, against roughly 80 today, and gives the company a far larger shopfront in the capital as demand for so-called “sovereign AI” accelerates.

Founded in 2019, Cohere builds large language models tailored to businesses and governments rather than consumers. Its co-founder and chief executive, Aidan Gomez, is among the most influential AI researchers in the world, having helped develop the “transformer” architecture that underpins virtually every modern large language model, including the systems built by his much larger American competitors.

The expansion is the latest sign that the global AI land grab has firmly reached London. It follows OpenAI’s decision to open its first permanent London office in King’s Cross, a site with capacity to more than double its headcount to 544, while Anthropic plans to quadruple its own London presence just a few streets away from its bitter rival.

Where the American giants compete on raw capability, Cohere is selling reassurance. The company promises not to retain customer data and offers models that can be deployed on-premises or inside private clouds, an approach designed to appeal to governments and heavily regulated sectors such as finance, defence and healthcare. Its UK customers already include Reuters, the Aston Martin Formula One team and the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology.

That pitch was sharpened in April when Cohere acquired the German start-up Aleph Alpha to create what it called a “transatlantic AI powerhouse”, pitched squarely at European customers wary of depending on US developers. The combined group was valued at around $20bn.

“By expanding our London footprint threefold, we’re positioning ourselves at the heart of the UK’s sovereign AI revolution, where government and enterprise interest in secure artificial intelligence is accelerating,” Gomez said.

Sovereign AI refers to a state or organisation’s ability to develop, deploy and govern AI tools independently, without relying on foreign infrastructure. It has climbed rapidly up the political agenda amid mounting concern that Europe is dangerously dependent on US models and cloud providers. Building “sovereign” capability is now a stated priority for both the UK government, which has stood up a dedicated £500m Sovereign AI unit to back home-grown firms, and the European Union, which launched its technology sovereignty legislation earlier this month.

The numbers help explain the rush. McKinsey estimates that sovereignty requirements could shape between $500bn and $600bn of AI spending by 2030, as much as a third of the entire market.

Kanishka Narayan, the minister for AI and online safety, welcomed the move. “Cohere’s focus on sovereign AI, helping businesses and government deploy this technology securely, on their own terms, is exactly the kind of capability we are building in Britain,” he said.

For all the political enthusiasm, the sovereign AI story is not without its sceptics. The same security promise that makes these models attractive can cut the other way: regulators have begun to warn that even tightly controlled enterprise systems can expose systemic weaknesses in sensitive sectors such as banking. For Cohere, convincing Whitehall and the City that “sovereign” genuinely means safer will matter every bit as much as the square footage on New Oxford Street.

Jamie Young

Jamie is Senior Reporter at Business Matters, bringing over a decade of experience in UK SME business reporting.
Jamie holds a degree in Business Administration and regularly participates in industry conferences and workshops.

When not reporting on the latest business developments, Jamie is passionate about mentoring up-and-coming journalists and entrepreneurs to inspire the next generation of business leaders.

Abstract

Informational and educational content is any material designed primarily to teach, inform, or clarify a topic for its intended audience. Unlike promotional content, which focuses on selling a product or service, informational content prioritizes delivering genuine value through knowledge. This type of content spans a wide range of formats, including articles, how-to guides, explainer videos, infographics, whitepapers, and online courses.

In today’s digital landscape, audiences are increasingly drawn to brands and platforms that position themselves as trusted authorities. Educational content plays a central role in building that authority while simultaneously improving search engine visibility and audience engagement.

Why Informational Content Matters

Building Trust and Credibility

One of the most significant benefits of informational content is its ability to establish trust between a brand and its audience. When businesses consistently provide accurate, well-researched, and genuinely helpful information, readers begin to view them as reliable sources. This trust is a foundational element of long-term customer relationships and brand loyalty

Supporting SEO and Organic Search Growth

Informational content is a cornerstone of effective Search Engine Optimization (SEO). Search engines like Google reward content that thoroughly answers user queries with higher rankings in search results. Pages structured around clear, educational topics tend to attract more organic traffic, generate backlinks from other authoritative sites, and maintain relevance over time.

Long-form informational articles, in particular, tend to outperform shorter promotional pieces in search rankings because they address topics comprehensively and satisfy user intent more completely.

Types of Informational and Educational Content

How-To Guides and Tutorials

How-to guides are among the most consumed forms of educational content online. They provide step-by-step instructions that empower readers to solve problems, learn new skills, or complete specific tasks. Whether written or video-based, tutorials are highly shareable and often serve as entry points for new audiences discovering a brand.

Businesses operating in sectors such as finance, technology, health, and legal services have found particular success with tutorial-style content, as these industries naturally involve complex topics that benefit from clear explanation.

Explainer Articles and Industry Overviews

Explainer articles break down complex subjects into accessible, understandable language. For example, a financial services company might publish an article explaining how interest rates affect consumer borrowing, while a technology firm might produce a primer on artificial intelligence concepts for non-technical readers.

These pieces serve as excellent top-of-funnel content, attracting audiences who are in the early stages of researching a topic. For businesses targeting markets in Southeast Asia, platforms like Thailand Business News regularly publish industry overviews and economic explainers that help readers navigate complex regional business environments.

Whitepapers and Research Reports

Whitepapers and research reports represent high-value, in-depth educational content typically aimed at professional or academic audiences. These documents delve into specific topics with data-driven analysis, case studies, and expert insights. They are particularly effective for B2B (business-to-business) marketing, where decision-makers require detailed information before committing to purchases or partnerships.

Publishing original research not only enhances credibility but also positions an organization as a thought leader within its industry, attracting media coverage, speaking opportunities, and high-quality backlinks.

Infographics and Visual Explainers

Infographics translate data and complex information into visually engaging formats that are easy to digest at a glance. They are highly effective on social media platforms and can communicate trends, statistics, or processes in seconds. Well-designed infographics are among the most shareable content formats, extending a brand’s reach organically through audience sharing.

Visual explainers work particularly well when communicating statistical data, timelines, comparison charts, or step-by-step processes that would otherwise require lengthy written explanations.

Best Practices for Creating Effective Educational Content

Know Your Audience

Before creating any informational content, it is essential to deeply understand the target audience. This includes knowing their knowledge level, the questions they are asking, the challenges they face, and the formats they prefer. Audience research through surveys, analytics data, and social listening tools helps ensure content remains relevant and genuinely useful rather than generic.

Tailoring content to specific audience segments — such as beginners versus experts, or local versus international readers — significantly increases its effectiveness and engagement potential.

Prioritize Accuracy and Reliability

Accuracy is non-negotiable in educational content. Misinformation not only damages credibility but can also have real-world consequences for readers who rely on the information to make decisions. All factual claims should be supported by credible sources, and content should be regularly reviewed and updated to reflect current information.

Citing reputable industry publications, government data, academic research, and recognized experts strengthens the perceived reliability of content. For businesses publishing content about Southeast Asian markets, referencing authoritative regional sources such as Thailand Business News can enhance both credibility and local relevance.

Structure Content for Readability

Even the most valuable information loses its impact if it is difficult to read or poorly organized. Effective educational content uses clear headings, short paragraphs, bullet points where appropriate, and a logical flow that guides the reader from introduction through to conclusion. Plain, accessible language is preferred over jargon unless the audience is specifically technical or professional.

Including a brief summary or key takeaways section at the end of longer articles helps readers retain the most important points and reinforces the educational value of the piece.

Optimize for Search Engines Without Sacrificing Quality

While SEO considerations are important, content quality must always take priority. Over-optimization — including keyword stuffing or producing thin content purely for ranking purposes — is increasingly penalized by search algorithms and damages reader trust. The most effective approach is to create genuinely helpful, comprehensive content and apply SEO best practices as a secondary layer, including appropriate keywords, meta descriptions, and structured headers.

The Role of Educational Content in Business Growth

Generating Qualified Leads

Educational content is a powerful lead generation tool. When businesses provide free, high-value information, they attract potential customers who are actively researching solutions to their problems. These readers are often further along the buyer’s journey than cold advertising audiences, making them more likely to convert into paying customers when approached with relevant offers.

Gating premium content — such as detailed guides or research reports — behind a simple email subscription form is a common and effective strategy for building qualified email lists while continuing to provide value.

Reducing Customer Support Burden

Comprehensive educational resources, such as FAQ pages, knowledge bases, and product tutorials, can significantly reduce the volume of customer support inquiries. When customers can find clear, accurate answers to their questions independently, it reduces strain on support teams and improves overall customer satisfaction.

This is particularly valuable for technology products and services, where user questions tend to be frequent and varied. A well-maintained educational resource center serves as a 24/7 support tool that scales with business growth.

Establishing Thought Leadership

Consistently publishing insightful, forward-looking educational content positions a business or individual as a thought leader in their industry. Thought leadership content goes beyond simply answering common questions — it offers original perspectives, analysis, and predictions that contribute meaningfully to industry conversations.

Thought leaders attract media attention, partnership opportunities, speaking invitations, and a loyal audience of engaged followers who trust their expertise and look to them for guidanc

Informational and educational content is far more than a marketing tactic — it is a long-term investment in trust, authority, and audience relationships. By consistently delivering accurate, well-structured, and genuinely helpful content, businesses can improve their search visibility, generate qualified leads, reduce support costs, and build the credibility necessary for sustained growth.

The most successful content strategies place the needs and knowledge gaps of the audience at the center of every piece produced, ensuring that every article, guide, or infographic delivers real, measurable value to the people it reaches.

Other People are Reading

President Trump has reopened his long-running feud with Paris, warning that he will slap a 100 per cent tariff on French wine and champagne unless President Macron abandons France’s digital services tax, the 3 per cent levy that falls most heavily on America’s biggest technology firms.

The threat lands just as Trump prepares to travel to France for the G7 summit in Evian-les-Bains, setting up a tense encounter between two leaders who have spent years alternately courting and clashing with one another. Macron’s response was blunt. Told of the ultimatum, he said simply: “That’s not how it works.”

In an interview with the New York Post, Trump framed the matter as a straightforward act of retaliation. “I asked him not to charge American companies and if they do, I have no choice but to charge a 100 per cent tariff on all champagnes and all wines coming out of France,” he said. “All he has to do is get rid of the sales tax and he wouldn’t have that kind of pressure.”

Speaking to the French broadcaster TF1, Macron argued that any fresh increase on French wine would breach the trade settlement struck between Trump and Ursula von der Leyen, the president of the European Commission. “We have just concluded an agreement between Europe and the US on tariffs. Now we need stability,” he said. “This digital services tax, the Europeans decided it and several countries have implemented it. It’s part of our law. It is not for the US to decide on French and European law.”

He added that he was prepared for “a respectful but firm discussion”, while insisting France would not be bounced into rewriting its own statute book. Tariffs, he said, “are no good for anyone”, least of all between G7 partners, because they fail to fix America’s trade position and push up prices for consumers on both sides of the Atlantic.

For France’s winemakers and distillers, the stakes are anything but abstract. Producers shipped €2.9 billion of wines and spirits to the United States in the 12 months to April, making America comfortably the sector’s largest single market — worth 18 per cent of all French wine and spirit exports, ahead of the United Kingdom on 11 per cent and Germany on 6 per cent. Alcohol remains a meaningful contributor to the national accounts, adding €14.3 billion to France’s trade balance in 2024, according to French Customs.

That exposure helps explain the alarm in the trade. Gabriel Picard, chairman of the French Federation of Wine and Spirits Exporters, called for the preservation of a “balanced and constructive trading relationship between France and the US in the interests of both economies”. His caution is well founded: French wine and spirits exports have already lost their fizz, with sales to the US falling sharply through 2025 as successive rounds of duties bit. A jump to triple-digit tariffs would turn a difficult year into an existential one for many smaller châteaux and négociants that depend on American distributors.

None of this is new. Trump first reached for the wine bottle as a weapon in 2019, during his first term, when France introduced the digital services tax. “It might be on wine, it might be on something else,” he warned at the time, before threatening duties on €2.4 billion of French imports including cheese, champagne and handbags. In January he floated a 200 per cent levy on French wine after Macron declined to join the so-called Board of Peace, the US administration’s vehicle for rebuilding Gaza and brokering an end to conflicts elsewhere.

There is already a 15 per cent tariff on French wine and champagne, in line with the wider trade deal agreed between Washington and Brussels that capped duties on most EU goods. The repeated escalation, from threats of 200 per cent earlier in the year to this latest 100 per cent salvo, is becoming a recognisable pattern, one British exporters have learned to read closely given how often Trump’s wine threats spill into the broader transatlantic trade picture.

The digital services tax that so irritates Washington is narrowly drawn but pointedly aimed. It obliges firms with digital-services sales of at least €750 million worldwide, and at least €25 million in France, to hand over 3 per cent of their French revenue under a levy designed to capture the largest technology platforms. The intended targets are American giants such as Google and Amazon, though the net also catches non-US operators including the Netherlands’ Booking.com and China’s Alibaba.

For Macron, the principle matters as much as the money. Several European governments have adopted similar measures, Britain’s own version has drawn hundreds of millions of pounds from US tech groups since its introduction, and conceding to Washington over French law would set an awkward precedent for the bloc as a whole. With both leaders dug in and the G7 cameras about to roll, the champagne corks in Evian may stay firmly in place.

Amy Ingham

Amy is a newly qualified journalist specialising in business journalism at Business Matters with responsibility for news content for what is now the UK’s largest print and online source of current business news.

Summary

Solar power is Thailand’s master key in the fight against global warming. It is cheap, popular, and promoted by the state. But beneath the success story lies a big question: what happens when millions of panels begin to die? 

Without proper measures, Thailand’s clean energy rush risks dumping a toxic legacy on the next generation. 

Under pressure from climate change, the government has accelerated its push towards reducing greenhouse gas emissions and achieving carbon neutrality. Solar energy sits at the centre of this strategy. With falling costs and policy support, installed capacity has grown at remarkable speed—from just 2.5 megawatts two decades ago to nearly 5,000 megawatts today—and continues to expand across all sectors. 

The latest tax incentives for rooftop solar reinforce this momentum, signalling another push into the clean energy era. 

The problem is that the policy conversation still ends at installation. What comes after—the full life cycle of solar panels—remains largely unplanned. 

Policymakers must look beyond installation, or Thailand’s clean energy dream will drown the country in waste. 

For solar to be genuinely clean and sustainable, the country must look beyond how many panels are installed. It must pay equal attention to what happens when those panels reach the end of their life. 

Promoting mass adoption without a clear system for managing old panels may help tackle climate change in the short term. In the long term, it creates a new environmental problem—one that future generations will be forced to clean up. 

Most solar panels last around 25 to 30 years before efficiency drops and they must be removed. Under current installation trends, Thailand’s solar waste will continue to rise steadily. 

By 2030, cumulative discarded panels could reach around 9,900–57,200 tonnes. By 2032, this will increase to 17,900–78,100 tonnes. By 2050, the figure is expected to surge to between 431,000 and 728,000 tonnes. 

The annual burden is no less alarming. Because of the installation boom between 2010 and 2020, Thailand is likely to face 18,700–28,900 tonnes of solar waste per year by 2040. A decade later, this could rise to 44,600–66,200 tonnes annually. 

Alongside the sheer volume, there is the problem of what these panels contain. By 2040, accumulated solar waste is expected to hold significant amounts of heavy metals, including 3.0–17.2 tonnes of lead and 6.9–40.0 tonnes of antimony. Without a clear and effective management system, these substances pose real risks to both the environment and public health. 

Yet Thailand still lacks a clear framework for end-of-life solar management. Existing guidelines focus on landfill, incineration, or exporting waste abroad. These options are risky, environmentally harmful and offer little protection against toxic leakage. 

At present, Thailand has no clear system for managing end-of-life solar panels. There are only guidelines from the Energy Regulatory Commission that are limited to landfill, incineration, or exporting waste for treatment abroad. These options carry high risks of pollution from heavy metal leakage, especially lead and antimony. 

The problem is not only ecological. It has an economic cost. Uncertainty over solar waste disposal has become an investment risk. The CASE Thailand Report (2024) notes that the lack of a clear policy framework on disposal forces solar rooftop projects to add a “risk premium” of around 0.5–0.6% to cover future waste management costs, for which responsibility mechanisms remain unclear. 

There is also a quieter loss. Without recycling, Thailand is throwing away valuable resources. Discarded panels contain copper and silver worth hundreds of millions—and potentially billions—of baht. By 2040, the value of materials lost in solar waste could range from 281 million to 3.7 billion baht. 

The climate cost is just as troubling. Studies show that failing to recycle solar panels almost doubles the carbon footprint of solar electricity itself. In other words, a technology meant to cut emissions ends up carrying a much heavier climate burden than it should. 

So what can Thailand do? 

The problem is not a lack of technology. It is a lack of policy. 

First, responsibility must be clearly defined for producers and polluters. Laws based on Extended Producer Responsibility or the Polluter Pays Principle should spell out who pays for what—from collecting old panels to reuse, recycling, and final disposal. Without clear rules, everyone benefits from solar, but no one takes responsibility for its waste. 

Second, Thailand needs to know what it owns. A national tracking system should record every panel from import to decommissioning. Without a central registry, planning is guesswork and accountability is impossible. 

Third, dead panels should not all be treated as rubbish. Many can still be reused. Proper collection and sorting systems would keep usable panels in circulation and reduce the volume sent for recycling. 

Fourth, recycling itself needs proper rules. Domestic plants require clear environmental, technological, and safety standards, backed by certification and incentives to invest in better recovery technologies. 

Finally, Thailand must invest in the long game. That means supporting research and development in new recycling technologies, designing panels that are easier to dismantle, and building the industries needed to manage solar waste over decades, not just the next few years. 

Only then can solar power be considered truly clean—not just when it is switched on, but when it is finally switched off. This would also open new opportunities for Thailand to build a recycling and circular economy. Both are vital to the energy transition and carbon neutrality. 

Whether Thailand gets there depends on decisions made now. The energy transition will be judged not only by how much clean power it produces but also by how responsibly it deals with the waste it leaves behind. 

Nattaphorn Buayam ,PhD, is a researcher fellow and Pitnaree Polsomboon is a researcher at the Thailand Development and Research Institute (TDRI). Policy analyses from the TDRI appear in the Bangkok Post on 11 March 2026.

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The Nasdaq Composite surged 1.91% on Thursday, closing at a record 26,517.93, up 496.28 points, as a blockbuster semiconductor partnership announcement and easing Middle East tensions combined to power one of the tech-heavy index’s strongest single-day rallies in recent weeks heading into the three-day Juneteenth holiday weekend.

U.S. equities closed higher on Thursday, as tech strength and optimism over the U.S.-Iran deal offset concerns over a hawkish Federal Reserve. The S&P 500 advanced 1% and the Nasdaq 100 gained 1.9%, while the Dow rose by 72 points.

Intel’s Surprise Apple Partnership Drives the Rally

The single most significant catalyst behind Thursday’s tech-sector surge was a surprise announcement involving two of the most closely watched names in American semiconductor and consumer electronics manufacturing. Intel surged 10.6% after President Trump announced that the semiconductor giant would produce chips for Apple in the U.S.

The announcement sent ripples across the entire chip sector, lifting a broad swath of semiconductor names that had struggled earlier in the month. The news lifted the broader chip sector, with Nvidia up 2.8% and Micron Technology climbing 8.5%.

AI powerhouse Nvidia continued its upward trajectory, gaining 1.77% to reach $225.01 on news of increased infrastructure spending. The stock’s continued strength reflected ongoing investor enthusiasm for companies positioned at the center of the artificial intelligence buildout, even amid broader market uncertainty tied to monetary policy.

Easing Middle East Tensions Add Further Support

Beyond the chip sector catalyst, broader market sentiment continued to benefit from the formal signing of an interim peace agreement between the United States and Iran, which has helped calm fears of sustained volatility in global energy markets. The interim peace agreement signed by the U.S. and Iran, which includes the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz, raised hopes for an end to the conflict and eased concerns about volatile energy prices.

That improved geopolitical outlook extended its benefits beyond the technology sector and into other parts of the market sensitive to energy costs and global stability. Airlines also saw strong gains, with American Airlines rising 3.3%.

The Hawkish Fed Backdrop That Preceded the Rally

Thursday’s gains came as markets continued working through the implications of a notably hawkish signal delivered by the Federal Reserve just one day earlier. The Federal Reserve kept rates steady, with half of officials signaling that at least one rate increase may be warranted this year.

That hawkish dot plot had triggered a sharp selloff in the prior session, making Thursday’s recovery all the more notable. Equity indexes rose and yields were flat Thursday ahead of the open as investors recovered some of the ground lost after the Federal Reserve, in Kevin Warsh’s first meeting as chair, indicated the possibility of a rate hike this year.

The Dow Jones Industrial Average had lost more than 500 points Wednesday and the S&P 500 slumped 1.2% as hopes for a more dovish Fed were quickly dashed, with all 11 of its sectors closing in the red.

Volatility Eases Sharply

The combination of the Intel-Apple announcement and the formalized Iran peace deal appeared to substantially calm investor anxiety that had built up earlier in the week. The CBOE Volatility Index, often referred to as Wall Street’s fear gauge, fell sharply by 11.06% to 16.40, a notable decline that reflected renewed confidence among traders heading into the long holiday weekend.

Strength Extended Across Major Indexes

Thursday’s rally was not confined to the Nasdaq alone, with virtually every major U.S. benchmark posting solid gains during the session. The S&P 500 closed up 1.08% at 7,500.58, while the Russell 2000 Index, which tracks smaller companies, gained 2.12%.

Dow Futures also trended higher throughout the session, rising 95.00, or 0.18%, to reach 52,039.00, signaling continued optimism among traders looking ahead to the next full trading session.

International Markets Largely Joined the Advance

The positive sentiment driving U.S. markets Thursday extended to several major international exchanges as well, though the response was not uniform across every region. Japan’s Nikkei 225 climbed 1.65%, Germany’s DAX rose 0.37%, and France’s CAC 40 gained 0.44%.

Not every overseas market participated in the rally, however. Hong Kong’s Hang Seng Index declined 1.59%, and London’s FTSE 100 fell 1.04%, illustrating that the optimism driving U.S. trading was not universally shared across global markets, with some regions continuing to grapple with their own distinct sets of economic and geopolitical pressures.

A Narrow but Powerful Rally

Despite the strength of Thursday’s headline numbers, market analysts noted that the rally’s underlying composition was relatively concentrated rather than broad-based. The primary narrative driving the market on Thursday was the resilience of industrial manufacturing and AI-driven hardware, which managed to offset broader weakness in enterprise software and consumer retail. While the index reached new heights, the narrow breadth of the rally suggested selective investor sentiment as the market digested new economic data.

That narrow breadth was reflected in the mixed performance among individual technology and consumer names even as the overall index surged. Software giant Salesforce fell 1.64% to $168.45 during the session, demonstrating that not every corner of the technology sector shared in the day’s broader enthusiasm, even as semiconductor and AI infrastructure names led the charge higher.

Markets Now Closed for the Juneteenth Holiday

With Thursday’s record-setting session now complete, U.S. markets will remain closed for the remainder of the week in observance of a federal holiday. The New York Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq will be closed for trading on June 19, 2026, in observance of the federal holiday of Juneteenth. Both major stock exchanges first closed for the holiday in 2022, after Juneteenth was designated as a federal holiday in 2021.

The stock and bond markets will reopen Monday, June 22, and it will be business as usual on Wall Street for a few days, with the next scheduled market closure coming Friday, July 3, in observance of Independence Day.

Heading into the long holiday weekend, Thursday’s powerful close leaves the Nasdaq at a fresh record high, with investors set to return Monday to assess whether the combination of strong AI and semiconductor momentum, improving geopolitical conditions in the Middle East, and lingering uncertainty over the Federal Reserve’s rate path can sustain the index’s recent upward trajectory. Given the narrow, hardware-and-chip-concentrated nature of Thursday’s advance, market watchers will be closely monitoring whether sectors like enterprise software and consumer retail — which lagged notably during the session — can join the rally once trading resumes next week, or whether Thursday’s gains prove to be a more selective, short-lived response to a single high-profile corporate announcement.