LONDON — A discarded upper stage from a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket is believed to have slammed into the Moon‘s surface near the Einstein crater early Wednesday, giving planetary scientists an unusual opportunity to study the effects of a high-speed impact whose exact size, speed and location are already known in advance.

The empty rocket stage struck the lunar surface at approximately 7:35 a.m. British Summer Time, or 6:35 a.m. GMT, traveling at roughly 5,400 miles per hour, or about 8,700 kilometers per hour, according to tracking data cited by researchers. The impact occurred in broad daylight across much of the world, meaning the brief flash the collision produced would have been far too faint to see, even for observers using high-end amateur telescopes.

A Predictable Piece of Space Debris

The rocket stage originated from a Falcon 9 launch that lifted off from Florida in January of last year, carrying two lunar landers into space. The mission’s primary objective, successfully sending both landers beyond Earth’s orbit and onto a trajectory toward the Moon, was accomplished at the time. What remained afterward was the spent upper stage itself, a discarded piece of hardware roughly the size of a five-story building and weighing at least 4,000 kilograms, left drifting in a long, looping orbit that repeatedly swung out toward the Moon and back again.

Over the following 18 months, the combined gravitational pull of the Earth, Moon and Sun, along with the faint but persistent pressure of sunlight itself, gradually nudged the object off its original path. Astronomers tracking the derelict rocket stage eventually determined that those small perturbations had placed it on a collision course with the Moon, with its velocity increasing day by day as it approached.

Limited Real-Time Observation

Despite the precision with which scientists were able to predict the time and location of impact, few observers, human or robotic, were positioned to witness the collision as it happened. Spacecraft currently orbiting the Moon were not situated correctly to capture the event live. South Korea’s Danuri orbiter came closest, having passed near the eventual crash site shortly before impact, though its research team has indicated that any footage it captured will only be released once scientists have completed their analysis of the data.

Amateur astronomers observing from locations still in darkness at the time of impact would have had little realistic chance of catching the flash itself, given that any visible light produced likely lasted only a fraction of a second. Some observers may, however, have caught sight of a resulting plume of lunar dust that could have stretched as far as 100 kilometers, or about 62 miles, across the surface and remained visible for several minutes afterward.

Powerful Telescopes Positioned to Capture the Aftermath

The clearest scientific data and the first usable images are expected to come from large observatories located in the Americas, where the sky remained dark at the time of the predicted impact. Even with sophisticated instruments, detecting the effects of a roughly 14-meter object striking the lunar surface from a distance of about 385,000 kilometers presents a significant technical challenge, and researchers have cautioned that processing and verifying the resulting imagery could take anywhere from several hours to multiple weeks.

NASA’s Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter is expected to be positioned to photograph the impact site within the coming days, allowing scientists to directly compare images of the lunar surface taken before and after the collision, a comparison that should help pinpoint the crater’s exact size and shape once available.

Turning an Accident Into a Controlled Experiment

What might otherwise be dismissed as an unfortunate piece of space debris striking the lunar surface has instead become what researchers describe as a rare scientific opportunity. Because the rocket stage’s exact size, velocity and point of impact were already well understood in advance, the event effectively functions as a controlled experiment rather than a random occurrence, allowing planetary geologists to directly test their existing models of how impacts excavate craters, scatter debris across a surface, and send tremors rippling through a celestial body’s interior.

That data carries practical implications beyond pure scientific curiosity. Understanding precisely how much rock and dust a given impact throws into the surrounding environment could help engineers design safer landing systems and future lunar bases, including calculations for how far flying debris might travel from a landing site and how significantly the ground could shake in the surrounding area. Material excavated from beneath the lunar surface by the impact may also offer fresh geological clues that could add to scientists’ broader understanding of how the Earth-Moon system originally formed roughly 4.5 billion years ago.

Part of a Long History of Lunar Impacts

Wednesday’s collision is far from the first time human-made hardware has struck the Moon. Spacecraft and rocket components have been crashing into the lunar surface since 1959, when the Soviet probe Luna 2 became the first human-made object to reach the Moon, in most cases by accident and in several cases deliberately as part of planned scientific missions. NASA’s Ranger probes carried out similar impacts throughout the 1960s, various Apollo-era rocket stages were later crashed into the surface for research purposes, and the LCROSS mission was deliberately steered into the Moon in 2009 specifically to search for signs of water ice.

The last confirmed accidental lunar impact prior to Wednesday’s event occurred in 2022 and was believed to involve a leftover rocket booster originally launched as part of a Chinese lunar mission back in 2014, a reminder that discarded hardware from decades of space exploration continues to drift unpredictably through cislunar space, occasionally returning to strike the very body many of these missions were originally sent to study.

MUMBAI: Indian Bank is raising $400 million through a four-year loan equally underwritten by Taiwan‘s CTBC and Commerzbank of Germany. The loan is being priced at between 119 to 123 basis points above the SOFR rate and is already into syndication where more banks may join the loan deal, people familiar with the matter said. The loan will benefit from RBI’s special swap facility for such loans.

Laura Trott, shadow education secretary for the Conservatives, and Munira Wilson, education spokeswoman for the Liberal Democrats, are among MPs who have signed the letter.

Tom Gordon, Liberal Democrat MP for Harrogate and Knaresborough, also signed the letter and told the BBC he could not “see an end in sight” to his own Plan 2 student loan repayments. Instead, he said he expected his debt to be written off after 30 years in line with the repayment terms.

“If someone earning an MP’s salary still isn’t likely to repay their student loan in full, what chance does someone on a much lower income have?” Gordon asked, adding it was “an issue of fairness”.

“Governments have changed the repayment terms and increased interest rates after people had already signed up,” he said.

“No bank or mortgage lender could retrospectively rewrite the terms of a loan like that. It simply wouldn’t be allowed. So why should the government be able to do it?”

Oliver Gardner, founder of Rethink Repayment, said the letter showed “the student loans crisis” was not “a partisan issue”.

“We believe that now is the time to create a system that is fair and that unshackles millions of graduates from mountains of student loan debt,” he said.

A Department for Education spokesperson said: “We know the system we inherited is broken and unfair, and some graduates feel the weight of this more strongly.

“We want to make sure the student loans system works better for everyone and are considering our response to the Treasury Committee’s inquiry.”

Gianni Infantino has apologised for “errors” he made in controversial plans to sell off stakes in competitions to private investors, but will remain Fifa president after receiving the backing of senior executives in a meeting in Morocco.

Infantino summoned members of the management board to Fifa’s Africa office in Rabat on Wednesday following mounting criticism of his aborted proposals, with world football’s governing body releasing a statement of support four hours after the meeting ended.

European football’s governing body Uefa said at the weekend that it has lost confidence in Infantino, calling the Fifa Forward Enterprise (FFE) proposal a “shabby, back room, opaque deal”.

Much criticism has come from within Fifa, including secretary general Mattias Grafstrom, who was at Wednesday’s meeting. In an internal memo sent to Fifa staff on Tuesday, he wrote that the situation is “a sad and reproachable series of events”.

However, in a statement following the meeting, Grafstrom and the managament board “reaffirmed their full support” for Infantino as president.

Infantino and Grafstrom also sent a signed letter – seen by the BBC – to Fifa’s vice-presidents, council and 211 member associations saying they “sincerely apologise” for their errors and “commit to them not happening again”.

The two were pictured attending a Women’s Africa Cup of Nations match together in Rabat after the meeting.

Infantino had offered all associations $40m (£30m) if they backed a proposal for private investment in its tournaments, including the men’s and women’s World Cups, through a new subsidiary, FFE.

Fifa said that during Wednesday’s meeting “mistakes” regarding FFE were “acknowledged”, saying it was “not the intention” for the Fifa council and members association to “feel excluded from the process and that the process should have been handled differently”.

The governing body added it “acknowledged that errors were also made after the proposal was leaked to media” – with the Times breaking the story of Infantino’s plan on 28 July.

However, the statement also said the organisation “will no longer tolerate any attacks on its integrity, good governance and due process and will take all necessary measures to protect and safeguard its name and reputation”.

Earlier, Fifa denied a story in the Times that Infantino had promised Morocco it will host the 2030 World Cup final in exchange for its support.

Fifa said it was a “false and misleading” claim and that a decision on where to hold the final, with the tournament also hosted by Spain and Portugal, will be made “in due course”.

Some 40% of adults considered tank tops or vest tops acceptable for women at work, compared with only 24% who said the same for men, according to Ipsos.

Natasia, a teacher in London, says at a previous school she and other staff had been summoned “regularly in the summer months to tell us off about our outfits.”

She says she was also told to cover up her tattoos. “It should be OK to have your arms out at work especially when it’s hot,” she says.

Wakeley says a well-cut camisole or strappy top can work when worn beneath a linen overshirt, lightweight jacket or tailored co-ord. On its own, however, it may feel too informal.

Chambers says if you’re wearing a strappy top “you must wear a strapless bra as it utterly kills an outfit when you can see bra straps”.

She explains that thicker straps are a safer option where the dress code is unclear and recommends satin camisoles as a more polished alternative to basic cotton vests.

She adds that while bandeau tops are “such an on-trend look this summer, they are a no-go for work”.

“The constant need to keep fiddling to pull them up displays an uncomfortable and unconfident demeanour,” she says.

Mumbai: The newly-introduced closing auction system (CAS) has drawn sharp criticism from traders, who are irked by the unpredictability of recent index and stock price moves and the resulting losses.

Calls for changes to the mechanism or, even a temporary rollback, have gathered pace on social media, prompting the Securities and Exchange Board of India and exchanges to convene a meeting with top brokers even as the authorities defended the framework.

The regulator is believed to have told brokers that it has no plans to change the CAS for now and urged them to encourage more traders to participate in the mechanism. An email sent to Sebi went unanswered till the time of going to print

At the centre of the controversy is the regulator’s decision to overhaul the way closing prices of 200-odd stocks in the futures and options (F&O) segment are determined, which traders say has caused unusually wide divergences between Sensex and Nifty and futures and options trades going awry.

“The biggest problem under the CAS is that traders are unable to understand what the closing prices will be because there is a lot of randomness in the system,” said Piyush Chaudhry, founder of Mumbai-based Wave Analytics.

Professional traders use factors such as order flows, liquidity, derivatives positions and historical trading patterns to estimate price directions-key to successful trading. Sharp deviations from those expectations can cause trading strategies to misfire, resulting in unexpected gains or losses.
Options traders have taken the biggest hit in the closing auction system. For traders like Aakanksha Gupta, the closing auction mechanism has put her in a blind spot as she is unable to assess where the Nifty is likely to close.”As an options seller, I rely on the live Nifty spot level to execute trades throughout the day. Since CAS was introduced, cash market trading ends at 3.15 pm , but the F&O eligible stocks continue to trade,” said Mumbai-based Gupta, a Sebi-registered research analyst. “We build strategies around the prevailing spot level, only to find the index repricing sharply when trading resumes, turning profitable positions into losses.

Both indices have witnessed rollercoaster rides in the past three days. On Wednesday, the Sensex was down 0.2% and the Nifty had fallen 0.5% at their intraday lows. At close, the Sensex ended 0.19% higher, while the Nifty closed almost flat.

“Over the past two days, we’ve seen a significant gap between the reference price during the CAS and the final indicative closing price, because large orders can influence the indicative price,” said Aditya Pachwaria, founder, Fintoric Capital.

Wild Swings

Shikha Pruthi Gupta, a Faridabad, NCR-based full-time trader, said a profitable trade at 3.15 pm can unexpectedly turn into a loss because of the lack of visibility into where the index will finally settle.

One key criticism voiced by traders is the 3% price band within which the auction price is generally allowed to move, measured on the basis of the stock’s average traded price between 3.00 and 3.15 pm.

“How can you have a +/- 3% range for stock prices in the auction process; that itself is a random number and has no connection to what the market’s behaviour was for the day,” said Chaudhry. “This methodology is highly questionable and has no statistical basis.”

Algorithmic trading has been among the biggest casualties of the new mechanism, with professional traders saying their models have struggled to anticipate the sharp and unexpected price moves seen over the past three days. This is because many algorithms were designed around historical closing price patterns rather than an auction-driven market close.

The new closing auction process lasts about 20 minutes, from 3.15 pm to around 3.35 pm. During this period, the exchange first collects buy and sell orders and then matches them to determine a single official closing price for the stock. Under the previous system, a stock’s closing price is based on the average price of trades done in the last 30 minutes, between 3 pm and 3.30 pm.

The difficulty in predicting closing prices has disrupted traders’ risk-management systems, prompting many, such as Pachwaria, Gupta and Chaudhry, to stay on the sidelines. Since many of them trade with leverage, unexpected moves near the close can magnify losses, making it harder to manage risk.

“Many traders, including me, are observing rather than trading because even algos cannot work in this environment,” said Chaudhry.

Amenity lists in apartment listings read like a competition to see who can name the most things. Rooftop lounge. Rock climbing wall. Yoga studio. Coworking space. Golf simulator. The words are there. The question that reviews answer actually is which ones get used, which ones hold up, and which ones look better in the brochure than in daily life.

Liberty Harbor packs in more amenities than most downtown Jersey City buildings. Here’s what residents really say about each one, pulled from reviews with actual details, not just vague praise.

The Fitness Center: The Most Consistently Positive Review Category

Year after year, the fitness center stands out as Liberty Harbor’s most praised amenity. Residents call out the solid range of equipment, clean space and reliable access during early mornings and midday on weekdays.

The catch: peak hours, especially 6 to 8am on weekdays and Saturday mornings, mean real wait times for cardio. If you need a specific machine at those times, expect a less ideal experience than those with flexible schedules.

Long-term residents agree: work out outside peak hours, and the fitness center is a real quality-of-life upgrade, arguably worth the rent premium. Need peak-hour access to specific equipment? Set your expectations or plan for a backup gym nearby.

The Pool: The Most Debated Amenity in Summer Reviews

No amenity at Liberty Harbor gets more mixed reviews than the pool. The reason is simple: it all depends on when you go.

Weekday mornings and evenings: consistently positive. The pool is accessible, the atmosphere is pleasant, and the waterfront location adds something a building’s interior pool doesn’t.

Saturday and Sunday afternoons in July and August: always crowded. If you’re banking on easy weekend pool access all summer, know this before you sign.

Here’s the reality: Liberty Harbor is big. One pool for thousands means summer weekend afternoons hit capacity. That’s not mismanagement, it’s simple math. If you use the pool early, on weekdays or off-peak weekends, your experience will be nothing like showing up at 2pm on a July Saturday.

The pool before work in summer is genuinely great. After noon on a July weekend, expect a different story. Know this before you move in.

The Yoga Studio and Group Fitness: Underused by Most, Valued by Those Who Use It

Residents who use the yoga studio and group fitness classes rate them highly. Those who don’t use them rarely mention them. In short, people who already value group fitness appreciate having it on-site. The rest barely notice.

Regulars say the schedule is reliable, instruction quality depends on the instructor, and the space works well. The real win is convenience. Not having to leave the building for a class makes weekday mornings easier.

The Coworking and Work-from-Home Spaces: A Sleeper Amenity

Liberty Harbor’s coworking and lounge spaces get more attention in resident reviews than in the listings. Once people find them, they call these spaces the building’s top amenity.

When your apartment gets noisy, or you need to focus, having a quiet, well-lit workspace downstairs beats hunting for a coffee shop or paying for coworking. Residents say the lounges are quiet, bright and have solid connectivity.

The Rock Climbing Wall: An Amenity Worth Knowing About

The rock climbing wall is one of the more unusual amenities in a residential building, and its reviews reflect that novelty. Some residents love it, many ignore it, and very few people moved to Liberty Harbor specifically because of it.

For residents who climb, or have kids who do, the wall stands out. It won’t replace a real climbing gym, but it’s a solid perk for occasional use and for families. For everyone else, it’s just part of the backdrop.

The Dog Run and Pet Amenities: Cited Frequently in Pet-Owner Reviews

Dog owners don’t mince words: the dog run and true pet-friendliness top their list of reasons to live here. The dog run is well-kept, the building actually welcomes pets, and quick access to the waterfront and Liberty State Park makes high-rise dog life far easier than most places.

For non-pet owners, this amenity category is invisible. For the significant portion of Liberty Harbor residents who have dogs, it’s one of the primary reasons they chose the community and have renewed.

The Outdoor Common Spaces and Events Programming: The Amenity That Shows Up Most in Retention

The fitness center gets the most praise, but it’s the outdoor programming and community events that actually keep residents around.

Outdoor movie nights and seasonal events do more than fill a calendar. They turn a building into a community. Residents meet neighbors at these gatherings in ways that never happen in the elevator or mailroom.

You won’t find this amenity on a floor plan. It takes time and a little initiative to discover. The residents who call it the best part of Liberty Harbor are usually the ones who found it early and kept coming back.

What to Ask About Amenities Before You Sign

A few questions worth asking during a Liberty Harbor tour that the standard amenity list doesn’t answer:

• What are the actual peak hours for the pool and fitness center, and is there a reservation system for either?
• How many residents is each building’s amenity suite designed to serve, and what’s the current occupancy?
• Is there a resident events calendar I can look at for the current and upcoming months?
• What are the coworking space hours and reservation process?

The answers to these questions will tell you whether the amenity experience will match your actual use patterns, which is what reviews are trying to tell you, and what floor plans can’t.

Liberty Harbor stands out among Jersey City waterfront communities for its amenities. Residents consistently call out the fitness center, work lounge, outdoor programming and pet facilities as highlights. The pool, though, tends to get crowded on summer weekends, so set your expectations accordingly.

In short: the amenities deliver. The outdoor community programming, while tough to capture in a listing, is a big reason people stick around.

NEW YORK — The Dow Jones Industrial Average opened Wednesday at 54,467.23, extending a remarkable run of record-setting sessions on Wall Street as falling oil prices, strong corporate earnings and growing optimism over a potential resolution to the Strait of Hormuz crisis continued to fuel investor enthusiasm.

The blue-chip index’s early Wednesday level built directly on Tuesday’s historic close, when the Dow surged 907.47 points, or 1.71%, to finish at 54,085.88, marking the index’s first close above the 54,000 threshold in its history. Wednesday’s opening level of 54,467.23 represented a further gain of roughly 381 points, or about 0.7%, from that record close, suggesting the rally that has defined trading over the past several sessions was carrying fresh momentum into the new trading day.

A Historic Week for Major Indexes

Tuesday’s session saw all three major U.S. stock benchmarks close at record highs simultaneously. The S&P 500 surged 1.79% to close at 7,736.52, its first record close in two months and a level that surpassed its previous closing peak set in early June. The tech-heavy Nasdaq Composite climbed 2.59% to finish at 26,584.99, powered in part by a 29% rally in Palantir Technologies shares, though the index itself remained roughly 2% below its own record high set in early June as it continued recovering from a summer slump.

The Dow’s advance Tuesday marked its second consecutive all-time high, following a close above 53,000 points for just the second time ever on Monday. That back-to-back run of records came as Amazon briefly eclipsed a $3 trillion market capitalization for the first time on Monday, before pulling back roughly 2% Tuesday after founder Jeff Bezos filed to sell approximately $4 billion worth of shares.

Oil Prices and Iran Diplomacy Drive Sentiment

A significant portion of this week’s rally has been attributed to continued declines in oil prices, driven by growing hopes that diplomatic talks involving the United States, Iran and Oman could soon lead to the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz to commercial shipping traffic. Brent crude fell to $79.11 a barrel as of early Wednesday, marking a roughly 13% decline from the prior week, as officials from the three countries reported progress in negotiations aimed at resuming oil shipments through the critical waterway.

President Donald Trump reinforced that sense of momentum, saying the strait would reopen “very soon” or Iran would be “hit very hard,” according to comments reported by CNN. The optimistic tone from Washington was complicated somewhat by Iranian state media, which reported Wednesday that any potential agreement between Iran and Oman regarding the waterway’s future had “no connection” to reopening the strait itself, illustrating the continued uncertainty underlying the diplomatic process even as markets have broadly priced in an optimistic outcome. Separately, tensions in the region remained elevated after an Indian-flagged vessel was struck and sunk by a projectile off the coast of Yemen, according to Indian authorities, though no group had been identified as responsible for the attack.

Strong Earnings Lift Individual Stocks

Beyond the macro backdrop, Tuesday’s rally was also propelled by a wave of strong corporate earnings reports. Caterpillar led gains among Dow components, surging more than 5% and surpassing its intraday record set the previous month. Cisco Systems and IBM also posted notable gains of 5.11% and 3.91%, respectively, contributing meaningfully to the index’s advance. Beyond the Dow’s 30 components, the broader technology sector jumped roughly 4% during Tuesday’s session, with chipmakers and AI-linked companies among the standout performers as sentiment toward the sector continued to rebound from earlier summer weakness.

That sector rotation has been a defining feature of markets in recent months. Through June and July, healthcare and financial stocks, sectors in which the Dow carries significant exposure, had outperformed technology shares, helping keep the blue-chip index near record territory even as the tech-heavy Nasdaq struggled with a summer slowdown. In August, however, technology shares have staged a notable comeback, rising nearly 7% for the month even as broader debate continues among investors over which companies stand to be the ultimate winners and losers from the ongoing artificial intelligence investment boom.

A Busy Day for Earnings Ahead

Wednesday’s session arrived with investor attention split between the continued momentum in oil prices and Middle East diplomacy on one hand, and a fresh slate of high-profile corporate earnings on the other. Disney, Shopify and Kimberly-Clark were among the major companies scheduled to report quarterly results Wednesday, adding to an already earnings-heavy stretch of the summer reporting season that has helped drive much of the market’s recent momentum.

That earnings-driven momentum followed a similarly eventful Tuesday, when SpaceX delivered its first results as a newly public company alongside a strong quarterly report from AMD, both of which drew significant investor attention given their ties to the broader AI infrastructure buildout that has dominated market narratives for much of the year.

Caution Amid the Rally

Despite the historic run of record closes, some market strategists have cautioned that the pace of recent gains raises questions about how sustainable the rally can be in the near term, with attention turning to whether fewer individual stocks participating in new highs could signal underlying fragility even as headline indexes continue climbing. Options market positioning has generally remained bullish, according to recent market commentary, though analysts have noted that narrowing market breadth during a rally can sometimes precede periods of consolidation or pullback.

With Wednesday’s session already building on Tuesday’s historic close, investors are likely to continue closely tracking developments in the Strait of Hormuz negotiations, given how directly oil price movements have been tied to this week’s broader market sentiment. The continued flow of second-quarter corporate earnings, alongside any further updates on U.S.-Iran diplomacy, is expected to remain the dominant driver of trading in the sessions ahead as Wall Street works to determine whether the current record-setting run can be sustained into the latter half of the summer.