Crypto World
Article explains Vitalik’s ETH plan to cut proving costs via binary state tree and RISC-V VM.
ETH tackles 80% proving bottleneck as Vitalik proposes binary state tree and long-term RISC-V VM swap.
Summary
- EIP-7864 replaces the hexary keccak Merkle Patricia Tree with a unified binary state tree using BLAKE3 (or a future Poseidon2), cutting Merkle proof size by about 75% and branches by 3–4x.
- Page-based storage groups 64–256 adjacent slots so early-slot dapps can save over 10k gas per transaction, while simpler, more uniform depth improves auditing and sets up future state expiry.
- Long-term, Vitalik proposes replacing the EVM with a RISC-V VM, arguing state tree plus VM drive over 80% of proving cost and that a RISC-V stack would align with existing ZK provers, reduce precompiles, and keep old contracts via staged migration.
Ethereum (ETH) co-founder Vitalik Buterin has proposed two technical changes aimed at addressing proof-efficiency challenges in the blockchain network, according to a proposal outlined in EIP-7864 and related documentation.
The near-term proposal, designated as EIP-7864, would replace Ethereum’s current hexary keccak Merkle Patricia Tree with a binary tree structure utilizing a more efficient hash function. The existing hexary structure was designed for priorities that differ from the proving-heavy architecture Ethereum developers are currently pursuing, according to the proposal.
The binary tree structure would produce Merkle branches that are four times shorter than the current system, as binary operations require 32 times log(n) compared to hexary’s 512 times log(n) divided by 4, according to technical specifications in the proposal.
The reduction would decrease costs for client-side branch verification and reduce data bandwidth requirements for tools including Helios and private information retrieval systems by the same factor, the proposal states.
Proving efficiency gains would extend beyond branch length improvements. The proposal indicates that shorter branches would deliver a three to four times improvement, separate from hash function optimization. Implementing blake3 instead of keccak could provide an additional three times improvement, while a Poseidon variant could potentially deliver 100 times improvement, though additional security analysis is required before Poseidon deployment, according to the document.
The binary tree design includes a page-based storage system that groups adjacent storage slots into pages of 64 to 256 slots, approximately 2 to 8 kilobytes. The block header and the first 1 to 4 kilobytes of code and storage would share the same page, allowing contracts that read from initial storage slots to benefit from batch efficiency rather than individual access costs. The proposal estimates this could save more than 10,000 gas per transaction for decentralized applications that load data from initial storage slots, which represents a substantial portion of active deployed contracts.
Binary trees offer simpler implementation and auditing processes, according to the proposal. The structure provides more predictable access depth across contracts of varying sizes, reducing variance in execution costs, and creates space for embedding metadata required for future state expiry development.
The longer-term proposal involves replacing the Ethereum Virtual Machine with a more efficient virtual machine such as RISC-V. The proposal argues that the EVM’s architecture is not optimized for a proving-heavy blockchain and that replacing it would address fundamental inefficiencies rather than managing them through accumulated precompiles and workarounds.
Buterin’s proposal cites four advantages of RISC-V over the EVM. First, raw execution efficiency: RISC-V outperforms the EVM to a degree that would eliminate the need for many precompiles, as underlying computations could run efficiently within the VM itself. Second, prover efficiency: zero-knowledge provers are currently written in RISC-V, creating natural alignment with existing proving infrastructure. Third, client-side proving: a RISC-V VM would enable users to generate zero-knowledge proofs locally about account interactions with specific data, enabling privacy and verification applications not currently supported by the EVM without external tools. Fourth, simplicity: a RISC-V interpreter can be implemented in several hundred lines of code, according to the proposal.
The deployment roadmap outlined in the proposal includes three stages. In the first stage, a new virtual machine, potentially RISC-V, would handle precompiles only, with current and new precompiles becoming code blobs in the new VM. In the second stage, users could deploy contracts directly in the new VM. In the third stage, the EVM would be retired and reimplemented as a smart contract written in the new VM, preserving backwards compatibility for existing contracts with the primary change being gas cost adjustments, which are expected to be overshadowed by concurrent scaling developments.
Buterin characterizes both changes as addressing the same fundamental challenge from different angles. The state tree and the VM together account for more than 80 percent of the bottleneck in efficient proving, according to the proposal. Addressing either component without the other leaves the larger problem partially unresolved, while addressing both would produce a protocol structurally aligned with the zero-knowledge-proof-heavy architecture Ethereum has been developing, rather than retrofitting that architecture onto infrastructure designed for different requirements.
The proposal acknowledges that the VM replacement does not currently represent consensus within the Ethereum development community, describing it as a change that will become more apparent once state tree modifications are completed. The proposal presents the changes as sequential: binary trees first, followed by VM replacement once proving infrastructure matures around the new state structure. The EVM has accumulated complexity through years of incremental additions, and the proposal states that meeting Ethereum’s functionality requirements necessitates addressing the VM rather than continuously implementing workarounds.
Glider and Ondo Finance have introduced a platform to let retail investors build and automate custom portfolios of tokenized US stocks, offering direct exposure to equities without a brokerage account.
According to the announcement, the platform allows users to create personalized baskets of onchain stocks that track real-world assets, removing the need for wallets, gas fees or manual transaction management.
Glider co-founder and CEO Brian Huang told Cointelegraph that unlike traditional exchange-traded funds, which bundle assets into fixed products, the platform lets users construct index-like portfolios with custom weightings that are automatically maintained, avoiding reliance on pooled products.
The platform automatically executes and rebalances these portfolios, allowing users to gain exposure to tokenized equities without managing individual trades. The assets track underlying shares and can be traded beyond standard market hours.
Huang added that the model avoids the liquidity constraints that have limited earlier tokenized ETF offerings. He said:
“This is the first time direct indexing has been offered for onchain stocks… The problem that all ETFs have had on chain is liquidity. There’s no liquidity constraint on Glider because these are directly indexed. You hold the underlying assets and tap into their underlying liquidity.”
Tokenized stocks on Ondo’s platform are designed to mirror the price of their underlying shares and can be transferred and traded onchain, while Glider automates portfolio construction and rebalancing without requiring users to execute transactions manually.
The initial rollout will focus on tokenized US equities, with plans to expand into additional asset classes such as commodities, while also introducing features that allow users to lend positions and generate yield on their holdings.
A spokesperson for Ondo said the platform is not currently available to US users but said the company holds several SEC registrations, positioning it for a potential future launch in the United States.
Related: Binance adds Ondo’s tokenized stocks in latest RWA push
Tokenized stocks grow alongside evolution of crypto ETPs
Tokenized equities and crypto exchange-traded products (ETPs) have both expanded rapidly over the past year.
Data from RWA.xyz shows the total value of tokenized real-world assets (RWA) has grown sharply to around $26.5 billion, up from around $7.5 billion the same time last year. Among the RWAs onchain, around $908.5 million are tokenized stocks.
At the same time, crypto ETPs have moved beyond spot Bitcoin (BTC) and Ether (ETH) funds, with issuers increasingly exploring more complex and actively managed products.
In February, crypto ETP issuer 21Shares launched a new product offering European investors exposure to a preferred stock issued by Michael Saylor’s Strategy, the largest public holder of Bitcoin. The 21Shares Strategy Yield ETP is available to institutional and retail investors and offers a dividend linked to Strategy’s Bitcoin holdings.
21Shares president Duncan Moir told Cointelegraph the product improves access to Strategy’s STRC preferred stock, which is not widely available or easily cross-listed, while expanding distribution and liquidity through its ETP structure.
He added that the structure also simplifies tax treatment for European investors by handling reporting and withholding at the product level. Moir said:
It’s probably the product we’re seeing the most interest in across multiple regions. From the day we launched it, we’ve had more inbound inquiries to the sales team than for any crypto product, to be honest.
Earlier this month, BlackRock expanded its crypto lineup with a Nasdaq-listed product tied to Ethereum staking. The iShares Staked Ethereum Trust ETF (ETHB) provides spot Ether exposure while generating potential monthly income by staking a portion of its holdings.
However, BlackRock’s head of digital assets, Robert Mitchnick, said the asset management behemoth plans to remain cautious in expanding its crypto ETF offerings, despite growing interest in more complex structures.
Magazine: Big Questions: Can Bitcoin save you from the dreaded Cantillon Effect?
Stripe’s newly launched Machine Payments Protocol (MPP) could mark a turning point for micropayments — a long-promised but underutilized use case in crypto and beyond — as AI agents reshape how transactions are made.
That’s the key takeaway from newly published analysis by Forrester senior analyst Meng Liu, who argues that MPP may succeed where decades of earlier efforts failed.
Introduced earlier this month, MPP enables AI agents to execute transactions automatically, removing the need for human approval at each step. It is described as an open protocol for coordinating payments between AI agents and services. Liu frames this as a structural shift from human-initiated payments to machine-to-machine transactions.
Micropayments, which are typically small transactions worth a few cents or dollars, have long been seen as a way to monetize digital content, services and data, but have struggled to gain traction at scale.
A major barrier to adoption has been human behavior, including cumbersome digital checkout processes and reluctance to approve small charges, Liu said.
By contrast, AI agents executing payments as part of task completion, such as paying to access data or use online services, eliminate those constraints.
“Payment becomes a programmatic step, not a discrete decision,” Liu wrote. “There’s no checkout moment, no cart abandonment risk, and no mental transaction cost.”
Importantly, MPP is not a new settlement network. Instead, it acts as a coordination layer for automated payments, designed to work across existing infrastructure, including traditional rails, digital wallets and, where supported, crypto rails.
Related: AI agent payment volumes lower than reported, but adoption is growing: a16z
AI payments push extends beyond Stripe
Stripe is a payments company that has expanded into digital assets, including support for stablecoins, crypto on-ramps and blockchain-based payment tools. While MPP itself is not inherently blockchain-based, other companies are also developing infrastructure for AI-driven payments, particularly in areas such as micropayments and autonomous transactions.
One recent example is MoonPay, which released an open-source wallet standard designed for AI agents. The framework allows agents to hold, send and receive digital assets, enabling them to transact independently without human intervention.
Meanwhile, analysts at Bernstein believe AI agents could boost demand for stablecoins, as they are well-suited for handling frequent, low-value payments. Like Forrester’s Liu, Bernstein also pointed to Coinbase’s x402 protocol, which enables automatic internet payments between machines.
Related: Crypto Biz: Institutions aren’t waiting for the bottom
Bitcoin held onto gains Monday after an early surge above $70,000, but the rebound’s fate now hinges on what’s next between the U.S. and Iran.
The move followed U.S. President Donald Trump’s announcement of a five-day pause on strikes against Iranian energy infrastructure, citing “productive” diplomatic talks.
Iranian officials denied the existence of talks, but markets largely brushed it off, with risk assets holding firm through the session.
Bitcoin hovered just below $71,000 later in the session, up 3.8% over the past 24 hours. Altcoins outperformed, with ether (ETH), solana (SOL) and each gaining around 5%.
Crypto-linked equities also rallied, led by bitcoin miners, which have increasingly traded in line with AI infrastructure plays. Hut 8 (HUT) jumped more than 11%, while Bitfarms (BITF), Cipher Mining (CIFR), CleanSpark (CLSK), Riot Platforms (RIOT) and TeraWulf (WULF) advanced 6%-7%.
Traditional markets joined the move higher, with the S&P 500 and Nasdaq both closing about 1.2% up.
While the temporary pause has eased pressure in energy markets, traders should treat the rebound cautiously in risk assets.
“The macro ceiling has shifted,” said Jasper de Maere, OTC trader at Wintermute. “How much room opens up depends on the next five days.”
If oil stabilizes and shipping flows through the Strait of Hormuz normalize, he said, inflation concerns could ease, allowing rate-cut expectations to return and removing a key headwind for crypto.
In that scenario, bitcoin could make another run at the $74,000–$76,000 range, the level that has capped rallies in recent weeks, according to de Maere.
A breakdown in talks or renewed disruption to energy supply would have the opposite impact, he said. It would likely push oil higher again, reinforcing inflation risks and sending markets back into risk-off mode that could pull bitcoin back toward the mid-$60,000s.
The Russell 2000’s 2% rebound after a 10% correction signals a tentative risk‑on turn in U.S. stocks, giving Bitcoin and altcoins fresh “permission to breathe.
Summary
- The small-cap Russell 2000 index jumped about 2% after a bruising correction, signaling a tentative return of risk appetite in U.S. equities.
- Traders say the move is part of a broader “relief rally” that has also lifted high‑beta crypto and altcoins after weeks of macro and geopolitical stress.
- Rising stock–crypto correlation means small‑cap strength is increasingly viewed as a green light to rotate from cash into higher‑volatility tokens and perps.
The Russell 2000’s roughly 2% intraday surge comes just days after the index fell 10% from its recent peak and formally entered correction territory, capping a four‑week losing streak for U.S. stocks. U.S. small‑cap stocks staged a sharp rebound in New York on Monday as traders reassessed recession odds and war‑risk pricing, shifting from outright de‑risking toward a tentative risk‑on stance.
Analysts frame Monday’s bounce as a classic “risk‑on” rotation after weeks of selling tied to Middle East tensions and surging oil, with West Texas Intermediate futures having spiked toward $100 per barrel and Brent above $113 in recent sessions. “What you’re seeing is positioning, not euphoria,” one equity strategist said, arguing that investors who were underweight small caps are now “grudgingly adding beta back into the book” as worst‑case scenarios get priced out.
For crypto traders, the Russell’s move matters less as a stock story and more as a liquidity signal. Research highlighted by CME Group shows that in 2025 and into 2026, on days when U.S. stocks rise, “crypto assets tend to rise, but not by as much, and on days when U.S. tech stocks are selling off, crypto assets tend to fall by even more.” A recent macro explainer on crypto bitcoin rotation makes the same point more bluntly: “Most big crypto moves don’t start with a whitepaper. They start with a change in the cost of money and the price of risk.”
Correlation data backs that up. The 30‑day correlation coefficient between Bitcoin and the S&P 500 has climbed to about 0.74, its highest level this year, meaning the two now trade in close step as “an extension of broader risk sentiment.” When breadth improves in equities — first in mega‑caps, then small caps like the Russell 2000 — crypto often responds with its own breadth shift: dominance falls, majors and then mid‑caps start to participate, and liquid altcoins outperform long‑tail names.
Recent coverage has already documented how macro swings drive spillovers into digital assets, from early‑2025 fragility that pushed traders into Bitcoin (BTC) as a macro hedge alternative, to later phases where easing conditions triggered broad rallies across altcoins and crypto‑linked stocks. As one macro‑focused fund manager told crypto.news in an earlier note on rotation, “When small caps catch a bid and the dollar stops ripping, crypto finally gets permission to breathe.”
Solana (SOL) is trading in a suffocating consolidation zone, hovering just above the $90 price area, but could blast above $100 if our prediction comes true.
The technical setup is precarious; the asset is down nearly 69% from its January 2025 peak of $295.91, and DEX volumes have collapsed from $118 billion to just under $50billion in a single week, a staggering contraction of on-chain activity. While bulls point to the upcoming Alpenglow upgrade for sub-second finality, the immediate price action suggests exhaustion.
The market is holding its breath and bags around the critical $80 support level. A breakdown here completes a bearish head-and-shoulders pattern on the 3-day chart. On-chain data signals heightened risk, with capital appearing to rotate out of large caps into speculative volatility. As the Federal Reserve’s policy meeting looms, traders are forced to ask: Is this the bottom for SOL, or a rest stop on the way to $59?
Solana Price Prediction: Can it Hold or Will It Crash to $59?
The fierce defense of the $80 level defines the current market structure. Bears have tested this floor repeatedly, weakening the buy wall. Technical indicators paint a conflicted picture; the 14-day RSI sits at a neutral 55.21, while the 50-day and 200-day moving averages have formed a death cross, typically a prelude to deeper correction.
If bulls can reclaim momentum, the first major hurdle is $93, followed by stiff resistance at $96 and $105. Clearing these levels invalidates the bearish thesis. Analysis suggests a decisive break below $80 unlocks a measured move toward $59–64. Conversely, Standard Chartered maintains a long-term target of $2,000 in 5 years, viewing this sub-$100 range as an accumulation zone for institutional infrastructure plays.
— Coin Bureau (@coinbureau) February 4, 2026
BULLISH: $800B Standard Chartered raises Solana price target to $2,000 by 2030 citing the growing dominance of SOL in micropayments and stablecoins. pic.twitter.com/T61K5Y04vK
Short-term traders should watch the $86.14 pivot. Price action above this level keeps the recovery hope alive, while sustained trading below it favors the bears. Current volumes do not support a V-shaped recovery, suggesting a “chop and drop” scenario is more likely than an immediate moonshot.
Maxi Doge Offers High-Leverage Culture as SOL Consolidates
With Solana trapped in a low-volatility tightrope walk, active capital is fiercely rotating into presale environments where multipliers, not mere percentage points, are the target. While SOL struggles to gain 10%, early-stage memes are capitalizing on the “degen” appetite for leverage and community power. This shift is evident in the traction of Maxi Doge.
Maxi Doge ($MAXI) positions itself as the antidote to boring price action. Marketing itself as a 240-lb canine juggernaut, the project embodies the “1000x leverage” mentality with viral gym-bro humor.
The presale has already raised a total of more than $4.6 million, signaling robust demand despite broader market fears. Priced at $0.000281, $MAXI also offers 66% APY of staking rewards for early buyers.
The ecosystem includes a “Maxi Fund” treasury for liquidity and holder-only trading competitions, gamifying the grind of the bull market. Liquidity in meme sectors is thinning, yet projects with strong cultural narratives like “Never skip leg-day” continue to draw volume. However, presales carry inherent risks regarding launch volatility and vesting schedules.
The post Solana Price Prediction: Are We Ready For What’s Coming? appeared first on Cryptonews.
TLDR
- DJT stock rose 6% and traded at $9.15 during Monday’s session.
- President Donald Trump said the United States held productive talks with Iran over two days.
- The Dow Jones Industrial Average gained 1,117 points, or 2.4%, after the announcement.
- The Nasdaq Composite advanced 2.4% as markets reacted to the headlines.
- The S&P 500 recorded a $3 trillion market value swing within one hour.
Trump Media & Technology Group Corp. shares climbed on Monday after President Donald Trump announced progress in talks with Iran. The rally followed a broader U.S. stock market surge that lifted major indexes. DJT stock gained 6% and traded at $9.15 during morning activity.
The advance tracked gains across Wall Street as traders responded to headlines from Washington. President Trump said the United States held productive discussions with Iran over two days. His comments triggered swift moves across equity markets and lifted risk sentiment.
DJT Stock Jumps as Markets React to Iran Developments
DJT stock rose 6% on March 23 and reached $9.15 in early trading. The Florida-based media company moved in line with major U.S. indexes. However, the stock remains down 30% year-to-date.
Trump Media & Technology Group Corp., DJT
The Dow Jones Industrial Average jumped 1,117 points, or 2.4%, during the session. At the same time, the Nasdaq Composite also advanced 2.4%. The rebound followed a week when both indexes fell about 2%.
President Trump addressed the situation on Truth Social early Monday.
He wrote that the United States and Iran held “very good and productive conversations” over two days. He added that the talks aimed at “a complete and total resolution of our hostilities in the Middle East.”
His statement lifted equity markets within minutes of publication. However, Iran later denied that officials held any contact with Washington. That denial led to rapid market swings during the same hour.
Trump Comments Trigger $3 Trillion S&P 500 Swing
The S&P 500 Index recorded a market capitalization swing of about $3 trillion within one hour. The move followed Iran’s response that rejected claims of direct talks. Markets reacted quickly to both the president’s statement and Tehran’s denial.
Art Hogan, chief market strategist at B. Riley Wealth Management, spoke with CNBC about the rally.
He said, “The market has been desperate for any good news.” He added that the update appeared to be “the best news we can expect.”
Equities had declined sharply in the prior week before Monday’s rebound. The Dow and Nasdaq both posted losses of roughly 2% during that period. Monday’s gains reversed part of those declines across major benchmarks.
Trump Media & Technology Group Corp., listed under the ticker DJT on Nasdaq, moved alongside the broader market. The company operates Truth Social, the platform where the president shared his statement. Shares traded at $9.15 at the time of reporting and reflected the 6% daily gain.
This release reports a shift in Bitcoin trading as macro momentum and evolving U.S. regulation intersect with market infrastructure updates. The price moved below $70,000 after a brief rally to about $76,000 last week, reflecting broader expectations for higher-for-longer interest rates and addressable inflation risks. At the same time, the issuing authorities outlined a framework that places major crypto assets under the Commodity Futures Trading Commission’s jurisdiction, while signaling the potential for faster spot ETF approvals. The document also notes licensing developments in DeFi and ongoing policy discussions that could shape near-term market activity and long-term confidence.
Key points
- Bitcoin traded below $70,000 after a peak of about $76,000 last week, with macro data and a hawkish Fed stance contributing to the move.
- A US regulatory framework designates major crypto assets as digital commodities under CFTC jurisdiction, alongside existing listing standards that may quicken spot ETF approvals.
- Advances on the CLARITY Act address stablecoin yield structures, signaling potential limits on passive yields while allowing returns tied to transactional activity.
- S&P Dow Jones Indices has licensed Trade[XYZ] to launch the first officially licensed S&P 500 perpetual derivative on the Hyperliquid blockchain, expanding access for non-US investors.
Why it matters
Taken together, the release frames near-term volatility as tied to macro conditions while underscoring how regulatory clarity could attract institutional participation over time. The digital-commodity designation and broader listing standards may speed spot ETF approvals, widening the pathway for mainstream exposure. Moves on the CLARITY Act and DeFi licensing signal potential shifts in how crypto markets are structured and accessed, particularly for non-US investors leveraging cross-market products. Investors and builders should watch regulatory updates, ETF timelines, and licensing milestones to gauge how policy progress may translate into market dynamics.
What to watch
- Regulatory: track progress and potential enactment of the CLARITY Act and its stablecoin yield framework.
- ETF timelines: monitor whether spot crypto ETF approvals accelerate in light of the new framework.
- Licensing milestones: observe developments around the S&P 500 perpetual derivative on Hyperliquid and related licensing deals.
Disclosure: The content below is a press release provided by the company or its PR representative. It is published for informational purposes.
Bitcoin Falls Below $70,000 Amid Macroeconomic Pressure; Regulatory Developments Signal Long-Term Growth Potential
Abu Dhabi, UAE – March 23, 2026: Bitcoin has retreated below the $70,000 mark following a recent peak of $76,000 last week, as macroeconomic headwinds weighed on investor sentiment. The decline was primarily driven by higher-than-expected US Producer Price Index (PPI) data, alongside a more hawkish tone from Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell, who highlighted rising oil prices as a potential inflationary risk.
Markets are now increasingly pricing in a prolonged period of elevated interest rates, with expectations that the Federal Reserve could hold rates steady through 2027. Continued geopolitical tensions in the Middle East and sustained high oil prices could further fuel inflation, potentially prompting additional rate hikes—historically a negative backdrop for cryptoasset performance due to tightening financial conditions.
Despite short-term volatility, regulatory developments in the United States are providing a more constructive long-term outlook for the crypto sector.
The US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) have jointly introduced a comprehensive cryptoasset classification framework. Under this framework, major cryptoassets including Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana, and XRP have been designated as digital commodities, placing them primarily under CFTC jurisdiction rather than the SEC.
This classification, alongside previously approved generic listing standards, is expected to accelerate the approval timeline for spot crypto ETFs. Such developments could unlock significant institutional inflows and support long-term price appreciation across the sector.
In parallel, progress is being made on the proposed CLARITY Act, with reports indicating that US lawmakers and the White House have reached a tentative agreement on stablecoin yield structures. The proposed framework would restrict passive yield generation while allowing returns tied to transactional activities such as payments and trading. If enacted, the legislation could represent a major milestone in establishing regulatory clarity and fostering growth within the crypto market.
In the decentralised finance (DeFi) space, S&P Dow Jones Indices has announced a landmark licensing agreement with Trade[XYZ], enabling the launch of the first officially licensed S&P 500 perpetual derivative contract on the Hyperliquid blockchain. This innovation allows non-US investors to gain 24/7 leveraged exposure to the S&P 500 via a decentralised platform, supported by real-time index data.
Following the announcement, Hyperliquid’s native token, $HYPE, rose 6% and is now up over 55% year-to-date, significantly outperforming major cryptoassets such as Bitcoin and Ethereum, which remain down over the same period. The performance reflects growing demand for decentralised infrastructure offering continuous access to both crypto and traditional financial markets.
Meanwhile, higher-risk assets such as memecoins—including $TRUMP, $PEPE, and $PENGU—were among the hardest hit during the recent market downturn, with declines of up to 20%, highlighting their elevated sensitivity to broader market movements.
Simon Peters, Crypto Analyst at eToro, commented: “While macroeconomic pressures have driven short-term volatility in crypto markets, the evolving regulatory landscape in the US represents a significant step forward. Greater clarity around asset classification and market structure could pave the way for increased institutional participation and long-term growth in the sector.”
The derivatives platform has already opened airdrop claims and pre-market trading ahead of its long-anticipated token generation event.
Decentralized perpetuals exchange edgeX has confirmed that the token generation event (TGE) and listing for its native EDGE token will take place on March 31.
EDGE has a total supply of 1 billion tokens. At TGE, 25% of the supply will be airdropped, with up to an additional 5% for participants in the Pre-TGE Season points program. The remaining 70% is allocated to Ecosystem & Community, Core Contributors, and Foundation.
The token is already changing hands ahead of the official launch, with pre-market trading opening on Binance on March 19. EDGE is trading around $0.70, implying a fully diluted valuation of roughly $700 million.
The airdrop claim window also opened on March 19, according to an announcement from edgeX.
edgeX, which is incubated by Amber Group, has grown rapidly since launching in November 2024. The exchange processed roughly $4.4 billion in 24-hour trading volume across 176 trading pairs, with nearly $1.1 billion in open interest, according to CoinGecko, making it the third-largest perpetual DEX after Hyperliquid and Aster.
The TGE coincides with the platform’s transition from a single-product perp DEX to what it calls EDGE Chain, a purpose-built Ethereum Layer 2 for high-throughput financial applications.
In February, edgeX received a strategic investment from Circle Ventures alongside native USDC integration.
The Open Wallet Standard aims to fill a gap in the rapidly growing agentic payments stack by giving AI agents a universal, non-custodial way to hold funds and sign transactions across blockchains.
MoonPay on Monday released the Open Wallet Standard (OWS), an MIT-licensed, open-source specification that defines how AI agents interact with crypto wallets, including key storage, transaction signing, and cross-chain account derivation, without ever exposing a private key to the agent process or the large language model driving it.
The standard launched with contributions from over 15 organizations spanning payments, exchanges, and blockchain infrastructure, including PayPal, OKX, Ripple, Tron, TON Foundation, Solana Foundation, Ethereum Foundation, Base, Polygon, Sui, Filecoin Foundation, LayerZero, and Circle.
“The agent economy has payment rails. It didn’t have a wallet standard,” MoonPay CEO Ivan Soto-Wright said in a statement.
The release arrives as the infrastructure for agentic payments is rapidly developing, yet remains fragmented across competing protocols, each assuming agents already have a wallet without specifying how that wallet should work.
As The Defiant reported last week, two protocols are racing to become the foundation of AI payments: x402, backed by Coinbase, and the Machine Payments Protocol (MPP), launched by Stripe and Tempo. Tempo’s payments-focused Layer 1, which went live on mainnet on March 18, shipped with MPP’s “sessions” primitive, allowing agents to set a spending limit upfront and stream micropayments continuously without an on-chain transaction per interaction.
On the same day, Coinbase dropped a significant upgrade to x402, adding support for virtually any ERC-20 token via Uniswap’s Permit2 and new gas sponsorship extensions.
Meanwhile, Visa entered the arena with its own approach. Visa Crypto Labs launched Visa CLI, a command-line interface payment tool targeting AI agent payments, currently in closed beta. And Circle launched Nanopayments on testnet, built on the x402 standard and designed for sub-cent, gas-free USDC transactions for AI agents paying for pay-per-call APIs.
But as MoonPay frames it, all of these systems share a common assumption: the agent already has a wallet. None defines where the wallet lives, how keys are stored, or how one agent discovers a wallet created by another.
In practice, MoonPay says, this means a user running three different AI tools today could have their funds scattered across three separate wallets with no way to access a unified balance.
How It Works
The Open Wallet Standard is structured as seven sub-specifications covering storage, signing, policies, agent access, key isolation, wallet lifecycle, and supported chains. Each module can be adopted independently.
The core design principle is zero key exposure. Keys are encrypted, decrypted only to produce a signature, held in protected memory that cannot be swapped to disk, and wiped immediately after signing. The private key is never accessible to the agent, the LLM context, or any parent application.
A single seed phrase derives accounts across eight chain families — EVM, Solana, Bitcoin, Cosmos, Tron, TON, Spark, Filecoin, and XRP Ledger — with a unified signing interface and CAIP-2 chain identifiers.
There’s also a pre-signing policy engine that evaluates every transaction before any key material is touched. Operators can set spending limits, contract allowlists, chain restrictions, and time-bound authorizations. The standard ships with native SDK bindings for Node.js and Python, a CLI, and an MCP server interface compatible with frameworks including Claude, ChatGPT, and LangChain.
The launch positions OWS not as a competitor to x402 or MPP but as a complementary layer. When x402 returns a payment request, OWS produces the signed authorization. When MPP opens a session and streams micropayments, OWS signs each payment within the agent’s authorized limits.
Whether MoonPay’s open standard gains traction will depend on whether competing agent frameworks adopt a shared wallet layer or continue building proprietary key management.
This article was written with the assistance of AI workflows. All our stories are curated, edited and fact-checked by a human.
TLDR
- Polymarket updated its market integrity rules to address manipulation and insider trading risks.
- The company introduced stricter market design standards and clearer resolution criteria for contract outcomes.
- Polymarket enhanced surveillance systems to detect suspicious trading activity across its platforms.
- The platform banned and reported users who pressured a journalist over a $17 million prediction market.
- Reports showed that six newly created accounts earned about $1 million from bets on US strikes on Iran.
Polymarket updated its market integrity rules to address manipulation and insider trading risks. The company announced stricter standards for market design and resolution criteria on Monday. It also expanded surveillance controls as regulators increase scrutiny of event-based contracts.
Polymarket Updates Market Standards and Compliance Framework
Polymarket said it aligned its global platform rules with regulatory standards, and it strengthened oversight on its US exchange. The US platform operates under Commodity Futures Trading Commission compliance, and the company confirmed tighter monitoring systems. It stated that clearer resolution criteria and defined data sources will govern contract outcomes.
The company said it will limit markets that it considers easily manipulated or ethically sensitive, and it will restrict certain event contracts. It confirmed enhanced surveillance tools to detect suspicious trading patterns and insider activity. Polymarket said, “We are enhancing monitoring and surveillance measures to detect suspicious trading activity.”
Enforcement Actions and Regulatory Scrutiny Intensify
Polymarket said it banned and reported users who pressured an Israeli journalist over coverage of an Iranian missile strike. The disputed article related to a $17 million prediction market tied to the strike. The company confirmed it acted after users issued death threats to influence reporting tied to contract outcomes.
Bloomberg reported that six newly created accounts generated about $1 million in profits from bets on US strikes on Iran. All six accounts opened in February and placed wagers only on whether the strikes would occur. The trading activity raised questions about insider trading and market fairness.
Several US states have taken action against prediction platforms, and they allege unlicensed gambling operations. Regulators have increased oversight as prediction markets expand across political and global events. Polymarket operates its US exchange under CFTC oversight, and it said it supports integrity protections.
Growth Strategy and Partnership Agreements
Polymarket raised $200 million in July, and reports said it seeks a valuation of up to $10 billion. Prediction markets have attracted active traders who wager on political and economic outcomes. The company continues to expand its regulated presence while adjusting its compliance framework.
Major League Baseball signed a partnership agreement with Polymarket, and the league confirmed the arrangement last week. The deal includes integrity protections, and it aligns with a separate agreement involving the CFTC. The agreements outline cooperation on monitoring and compliance standards for event-based contracts.
Polymarket said the updated framework will apply to both its decentralized platform and its US exchange. The company confirmed that it will implement stricter data standards and clearer outcome definitions. Monday’s announcement detailed the new rules as the latest step in its compliance roadmap.
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