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Bitcoin is stuck in a rut but JPMorgan says new legislation could be the ultimate spark

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Bitcoin is stuck in a rut but JPMorgan says new legislation could be the ultimate spark

Crypto markets have lacked conviction, as traders struggle to identify a catalyst strong enough to lift prices out of their current lull. Bitcoin has remained range-bound around mid-$60,000, while ether is trading around $2,000, and volumes across major exchanges have thinned.

The digital assets market is thirsty for a solid catalyst, and JPMorgan says it has identified one — market structure legislation in the U.S., called the Clarity Act.

“While sentiment remains negative in crypto markets, we continue to believe that a potential approval of the market structure legislation most likely by mid year could serve as a positive catalyst for crypto markets into the second half of the year,” analysts led by Nikolaos Panigirtzoglou said in a report.

While the market faces broader hesitation among both retail and institutional participants, regulatory ambiguity has also weighed on sentiment, leaving larger investors cautious about deploying new capital.

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Market participants say that without tangible progress on a coherent regulatory framework, sidelined capital is unlikely to return in force. This is where the Clarity Act would be a decisive catalyst for the digital assets market, according to JPMorgan.

A comprehensive framework defining oversight, token classifications and exchange obligations would remove one of the biggest overhangs on the asset class: uncertainty. With clearer rules of the road, large asset managers, pension funds and corporate treasuries that have so far remained cautious could gain the confidence and compliance cover to increase allocations.

That wave of institutional participation, in turn, could deepen liquidity, compress volatility and unlock new product development, from structured offerings to broader tokenized assets.

A bill stuck in limbo

At its core, the proposed bill would define oversight across the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) and Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), classifying tokens as either digital commodities or securities.

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The bank’s analysts said placing major tokens under CFTC jurisdiction would reduce compliance burdens and legal uncertainty. A “grandfather” clause would allow certain tokens tied to spot exchange-traded funds listed before Jan. 1, 2026, including XRP, solana, litecoin, hedera, dogecoin and chainlink, to be treated as commodities.

The proposal would also let new projects raise up to $75 million annually without full SEC registration, subject to disclosure rules. The analysts said that the grace period could revive onshore issuance, venture funding and deal activity that has shifted overseas.

However, the leading U.S. effort to establish the federal crypto rules has stalled in the Senate after months of talks and missed timelines, leaving the bill in limbo as lawmakers wrangle over key provisions.

A scheduled Senate Banking Committee markup was postponed in early 2026 after Coinbase (COIN), the largest U.S. crypto exchange, publicly withdrew its support for the bill, saying the current text could hamper innovation, weaken competition, and restrict features like stablecoin rewards.

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Coinbase’s opposition exposed divisions among industry players and lawmakers, even as some analysts and banking voices say the bill’s core goals, clearer SEC/CFTC oversight and defined regulatory pathways, keep momentum alive.

Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong said earlier this month that banking trade groups, rather than individual banks, were largely responsible for the stalled talks over U.S. crypto market structure legislation.

In a market still heavily driven by sentiment and flows, a decisive regulatory breakthrough could act as a powerful catalyst, the kind that doesn’t just steady prices, but potentially propels them sharply higher.

Read more: From Wall Street to Web3: This is crypto’s year of integration, Silicon Valley Bank says

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Crypto World

Iran Enforces Bitcoin as the Only Means to Pay Toll on Strait of Hormuz

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Brian Armstrong's Bold Prediction: AI Agents Will Soon Dominate Global Financial

TLDR:

  • Iran’s Strait of Hormuz Management Plan, passed in late March 2026, mandates Bitcoin toll payments. 
  • Each fully laden tanker carrying 2 million barrels faces a Bitcoin toll of up to $2 million. 
  • Bitcoin surged toward $73,000 as shipping firms faced the prospect of stockpiling BTC for tolls. 
  • Stablecoins were rejected due to freeze functions and GENIUS framework compliance requirements. 

Iran Bitcoin oil toll reports are drawing wide attention across crypto and energy markets globally. Iran has reportedly implemented a mandatory Bitcoin-based payment system for oil tankers transiting the Strait of Hormuz to bypass international sanctions.

Iran’s Bitcoin Toll Structure and Payment Mechanics at the Strait of Hormuz

Financial Times report stated that Iran was considering Bitcoin payments for oil tanker tolls using the Strait of Hormuz, which handles roughly 20% of the global oil supply.

The Strait of Hormuz Management Plan, passed in late March 2026, formally codifies Bitcoin as the primary payment method.

Under this system, tankers must submit cargo details, crew lists, and destination ports to Iranian authorities up to 96 hours before arrival. A toll of $1 per barrel of crude oil is then charged, which amounts to $2 million for a fully laden Very Large Crude Carrier carrying 2 million barrels. 

Vessels attempting to pass without authorization have been warned via VHF radio of serious consequences.

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The original report cited officials saying ships would have only a few seconds to complete a Bitcoin payment, pointing toward the Lightning Network as the likely mechanism. However, Alex Thorn of Galaxy noted the largest known Lightning transaction to date has reached $1 million. 

Given toll amounts ranging up to $2 million, Thorn suggested Iranian authorities would more likely provide a QR code or Bitcoin address upon transit approval instead.

Bitcoin’s Structure Makes It Iran’s Preferred Choice Over Stablecoins

Iran’s decision to use Bitcoin rather than stablecoins reflects a clear strategic rationale. BTC advocate Justin Bechler noted that stablecoins like USDT and USDC carry built-in blacklist functions at the smart contract level. 

When an address is flagged, issuers can freeze tokens entirely, making them completely illiquid and unusable.

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Bechler further noted that the GENIUS stablecoin regulatory framework introduced compliance controls that make dollar-pegged stablecoins impractical for a sanctioned nation. 

Bitcoin has no issuer, no compliance officer, and no freeze function, removing any central point of control. The Iranian system also explicitly excludes the US dollar, though some reports suggest limited yuan acceptance for select nations.

Market reaction followed quickly after the reports emerged. Bitcoin prices moved toward $73,000 as shipping companies faced the prospect of holding BTC for transit payments. 

Hundreds of tankers have reportedly been waiting in the Persian Gulf, navigating the new requirements, while analysts suggest similar digital toll systems could emerge at other critical waterways globally.

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Crypto World

Messaging Push Notification Logs Can Breach User Privacy: Pavel Durov

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Decentralization, Privacy, Telegram, Pavel Durov

Pavel Durov, the co-founder of the Telegram messaging application, said that push notifications create a persistent, critical vulnerability to user privacy, allowing data retrieval even after messages and messaging applications that allow push notification data storage have been deleted from a device.

Durov cited a recent report, originally published by 404 Media, that the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) was able to retrieve deleted messages from a Signal user by accessing device notification logs on an Apple iPhone. Durov said on Friday:

“Turning off notification previews won’t make you safe if you use those applications, because you never know whether the people you message have done the same.” 

Decentralization, Privacy, Telegram, Pavel Durov
Source: Pavel Durov

Cointelegraph reached out to Signal about the FBI’s data retrieval but did not receive a response by the time of publication. 

The recent reports highlight how investigators and those with sufficient technical skills can circumvent end-to-end encryption and breach user privacy by accessing metadata and other information generated by applications, prompting a need for decentralized messaging applications that do not collect such data. 

Related: Telegram founder Pavel Durov says Iranian government’s ban backfired

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Alternative messaging application use surges amid spikes in civil unrest and geopolitical turmoil

Decentralized messaging applications and social media platforms experienced a surge in user interest since 2025, amid geopolitical tensions, nationwide communication blackouts and civil unrest.

Decentralization, Privacy, Telegram, Pavel Durov
Online search interest in decentralized social media platforms has spiked by 145% over the last five years. Source: Exploding Topics

Bitchat, a decentralized peer-to-peer messaging application that uses Bluetooth mesh networks to relay information between mobile devices, allows users to circumvent the internet and centralized communication networks entirely.

More than 48,000 users in Nepal downloaded the Bitchat application amid a nationwide social media ban in September 2025.

Individuals are also finding ways to circumvent national firewalls and bans on privacy-preserving applications by using virtual private networks (VPNs) and other tools that mask or obscure IP addresses and geolocation, according to Durov.

Government bans on Telegram have backfired, as users circumvent state-imposed restrictions through VPNs, allowing them to access and download banned platforms, Durov said.

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“The government hoped for mass adoption of its surveillance messaging apps, but got mass adoption of VPNs instead,” he continued, adding that over 50 million users in Iran have downloaded the Telegram application, despite a years-long government ban.

Magazine: EU’s privacy-killing Chat Control bill delayed — but fight isn’t over