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Bitcoin mortgages debut with 60% haircut and no margin calls

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Bitcoin mortgages debut with 60% haircut and no margin calls

Five years have passed since Michael Saylor’s possibly home-destroying advice about using a mortgage to keep a hold of bitcoin (BTC).

As of this week, the US government-sponsored mortgage system will finally allow Saylor’s acolytes and other BTC owners to belatedly follow this advice.

When Saylor originally told an audience to mortgage their houses to buy BTC on March 10, 2021, BTC was trading near $56,000. If anyone actually took that advice, by November of the following year, BTC had cratered 72% to $15,500.

As a result, and given the high collateralization requirements of BTC-backed loans at that time, they would have likely lost their house — unless they had access to additional assets to re-collateralize their loan.

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On Thursday, Coinbase and its Better Home & Finance partner announced their first crypto-backed mortgage that conforms to Fannie Mae standards. 

Coinbase’s first BTC-backed mortgage

Like Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae is a government-sponsored enterprise (GSE) under conservatorship of the US Federal Housing Finance Agency. The net worth of GSEs are periodically swept to the US Treasury.

A “conforming mortgage” is a standardized loan that enjoys interest rate subsidies from GSEs and can be easily packaged together with other, similar loans and re-hypothecated across Wall Street.

Borrowers receive two loans. The first is a standard, USD Fannie Mae mortgage on the home. The second, secured by the borrowers’ BTC or USDC, covers the initial down payment. Only two digital assets, BTC and Coinbase’s USDC, qualify at launch.

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Incredibly, borrowers receive just 40% of the market price of BTC for its pledge as collateral. In other words, a borrower must lock up $250,000 in BTC to cover a $100,000 down payment.

USDC, a stablecoin that has traded in a somewhat narrower range between roughly $0.86 and $1.10 against USD on Kraken, gets a more generous 80% credit.

Customers reliquish private key control to their crypto, holding it in custody at Better’s Coinbase Prime account for the life of the mortgage loan.

Bill Pulte’s BTC mortgage pipeline

Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) Director William “Bill” Pulte ordered Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac on June 25, 2025 to prepare to count cryptocurrency as a qualifying mortgage asset.

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This product is the direct result of his initiative.

Pulte is a quintessential trust fund kid, the 37-year-old grandson of the billionaire PulteGroup founder. He made his name through Twitter philanthropy engagement farming, giving away cash to strangers on social media.

His Twitter antics earned him a retweet from Donald Trump in 2019, and eventually a nomination to run the FHFA. 

His family’s charitable foundation has publicly distanced itself from him, and PulteGroup’s board removed him from his decision-making role.

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Pulte’s financial disclosures list up to $1 million in BTC, similar holdings in Solana tokens, and $5-25 million in Mara Holdings, a BTC mining company. 

After Trump’s nomination, he installed himself as chairman of both Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac boards, stacked them with allies, and then ordered the very crypto underwriting rules from which his BTC portfolio stands to benefit.

This time, at 60% LTV, no margin calls

Coinbase immediately highlighted the technicality that this BTC-backed mortgage features, after an initial 60% haircut on its market value, no further margin calls or collateral top-ups. 

If BTC drops 50%, the borrower owes nothing extra as long as the pre-agreed USD payments continue. The borrower pays interest on two loans, not one, and the non-crypto backed USD mortgage is entirely USD denominated from the start.

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The pledged crypto cannot be traded. Coinbase’s partner returns it only after the mortgage is fully repaid. 

If the borrower falls 60 days behind on payments, Better can liquidate the BTC and/or USDC. 

Foreclosure on the home begins at 180 days.

Read more: Michael Saylor went from ‘sell a kidney’ to $20 billion loss at Strategy

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Criticism

Consumer groups have been less enthusiastic than Coinbase or Saylor about crypto-backed mortgages.

The Consumer Federation of America and National Consumer Law Center wrote to Pulte that “a system built on crypto-related assets threatens to grow the market based on what may turn out to be a house of cards.”

Amanda Fischer at Better Markets told The American Prospect the directive “seemed to be based on some tweets.”

Multiple senators have warned Pulte about his “serious conflict between your ability to order and approve the enterprises’ proposals as FHFA Director and to ultimately influence the development of such proposals as chair of the enterprises’ boards.”

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The Government Accountability Office began investigating Pulte in December 2025.

Better CEO Vishal Garg, the product’s chief evangelist, fired 900 employees over a Zoom call in December 2021.

Saylor’s original vision for a BTC-backed mortgage arrived before a 72% collapse in BTC within two years.

Now, the US government-backed mortgage system is officially in the business of making that bet easier in 2026 at a 60% loan to value (LTV) that wouldn’t even have covered that drawdown.

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Trump crypto czar David Sacks exits role after 130 days

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Trump crypto czar David Sacks exits role after 130 days

The US government’s crypto and AI czar, David Sacks, is stepping down from his special government employee (SGE) role to join Meta’s Mark Zuckerberg and Nvidia’s Jensen Huang on Donald Trump’s new tech council. 

Sacks announced his departure in an Interview with Bloomberg that also covered the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST).

Sacks told Bloomberg, “In the first year of the Trump administration, I had that role as an SGE. I had 130 days.”

“We’ve now used up that time,” Sacks said, adding that his role as co-chair of PCAST means he’ll now “make recommendations on not just AI, but an expansive range of technology topics.”

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Sacks shared an assessment from Elon Musk’s GROK that tried to clarify if his departure was a promotion or not.

Read more: David Sacks promised ‘market structure bill in 100 days’ a year ago

The council has been created to guide tech policies within government, and counts major tech executives such as Marc Andreessen and Sergey Brin among its ranks.  

Tesla CEO Elon Musk was also a SGE under Trump’s administration, and also stepped down from the role after 130 days. He won’t be part of the tech council, however.

Sacks’ time as crypto czar was bittersweet 

Under Sacks’ stewardship, the US administration loosened its grip on crypto regulations, the president launched a memecoin, and the government promised to implement a Strategic Bitcoin Reserve (SBR). 

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During this time, it gained a reputation for intense profiteering and crypto corruption. Indeed, Trump’s son Eric boasted very publicly about his family making profits of $1 billion from its various crypto enterprises. 

Sacks promised in February last year that the market structures bill, aka the CLARITY Act, and stablecoin legislation, also known as the GENIUS Act, would have been passed through the Senate and House within 100 days. 

While the GENIUS Act was passed, albeit well beyond the self-imposed deadline, the CLARITY Act is still struggling to join it. 

Sacks was revealed by the New York Times to have held over 400 investments in various crypto and AI firms while still maintaining his SGE role in Trump’s administration, raising concerns about a potential conflict of interest.  

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The administration also signed into existence the SBR but it was watered down significantly when officials revealed that the US wouldn’t be buying any BTC to contribute to the it and would instead rely on the coins it had already seized and forfeited.

An audit of crypto assets intended for both the SBR and Digital Asset Stockpile was supposed to be complete by April 5, 2025. However, no such review has been published almost 356 days after the deadline.

Read more: David Sacks sends silly legal threat to the New York Times

Crypto traders happy about David Sacks crypto czar departure

Upon discovering Sacks’ departure yesterday, X users have remarked on the less-than-stellar effect he had on the crypto market. 

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Venture capitalist Adam Cochran mocked Bitcoiners who voted for Trump, asking “How’d that bitcoin reserve work out for you? Remember those day one promises?”

“Remember how Trump and Sacks promised you the world, and you told us we had TDS when we told you that you were getting played?” he added. 

Others pointed to today’s BTC price of $66,600, and how it’s down 34% from the day Sacks was inaugurated as crypto czar. 

Read more: US Strategic Bitcoin Reserve audit now 172 days overdue

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Traders have also complained that under Sacks’ role, nothing was actually achieved, adding that he’s “the single most useless person of Trump administration [sic] (right there with Trump).”

Eleanor Terrett reports that it’s unclear whether or not Sacks’ crypto czar role will be replaced while major crypto legislation, such as the CLARITY Act, continues to work its way through the Senate.

If the Trump administration does decide to hire a replacement, at least one willing candidate has already thrown their hat into the ring on X. Despite currently serving a 25-year prison sentence, FTX fraudster Sam Bankman-Fried posted simply “dibs.”

Got a tip? Send us an email securely via Protos Leaks. For more informed news and investigations, follow us on XBluesky, and Google News, or subscribe to our YouTube channel.

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ECB Study Questions How Decentralized DeFi Governance Really is

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ECB Study Questions How Decentralized DeFi Governance Really is

The European Central Bank published a working paper on March 26, finding that governance in four major DeFi protocols was heavily concentrated.

The staff paper looks at Aave, MakerDAO, Ampleforth and Uniswap, and finds that while governance tokens are held across tens of thousands of addresses, the top 100 holders control more than 80% of the supply in each protocol.

Based on holdings snapshots from November 2022 and May 2023, the authors found that a large share of governance tokens could be linked either to the protocols themselves or to centralized and decentralized exchanges, with Binance the largest identified centralized exchange holder across the four protocols.

The authors said the findings challenge the idea that decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) are inherently decentralized, raising questions about accountability and complicating efforts to identify possible regulatory anchor points under the European Union’s Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) framework. MiCA currently excludes “fully decentralised” services from its scope.

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Top token holders dominate governance

The authors also look at who actually votes on key proposals, concluding that top voters are mostly delegates who wield delegated voting power from smaller token holders. 

The top 20 voters in Ampleforth control 96% of delegated voting power, while the top 10 voters in MakerDAO hold 66% of delegated votes, and the top 18 in Uniswap hold 52%. Around one-third of top voters cannot be publicly identified, and among those that can, the largest groups are individuals and Web3 companies, followed by university blockchain societies and venture firms.

Related: DAOs may need to ditch decentralization to court institutions

ECB Working Paper on DeFi: Source: ECB

Cointelegraph reached out to Aave, Uniswap, MakerDAO, and Ampleforth, but had not received a response by publication.

Kavi Jain, senior research associate at Bitwise, told Cointelegraph that many large DeFi protocols were not as decentralized in practice as they might appear, especially in the earlier stages, where a small group still has “meaningful influence over decisions.”

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He pointed to the recent Aave governance debate that highlighted how, even with a DAO structure, voting power can “still be concentrated among a few participants.”

MiCA faces DeFi accountability problem

The paper catalogues what governance actually decides, finding that the largest share of proposals relates to “risk parameters” that shape the protocols’ risk profiles. That raises further questions about accountability, especially given that it is “not possible” to tell from public data whether protocol-linked holdings belong to founders, developers or treasuries, or whether exchange wallets are voting their own positions or those of customers.

Related: How a 2.85% price error triggered $27M in liquidations on Aave

There are some caveats with the methodology, and the paper itself warns that it does not capture the “full scope of the DeFi ecosystem,” due to insufficient data.

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The paper also stresses that it reflects the authors’ views rather than official ECB policy, however, it warns that the difficulty of reliably identifying who controls major protocols makes it harder to lean on popular entry points such as governance token holders, developers or centralized exchanges, and says that the relevant anchor may differ protocol by protocol and require information that is not publicly available.

Its findings echo earlier warnings from the Financial Stability Board and others, cited in the paper, that DeFi’s promise of disintermediation often masks new forms of concentration and governance risk that resemble, and sometimes amplify, those seen in traditional finance.

Magazine: Ethereum’s Fusaka fork explained for dummies — What the hell is PeerDAS?