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Did the WBTC DAO approve Justin Sun’s HTX as a merchant?

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Did the WBTC DAO approve Justin Sun's HTX as a merchant?

Wrapped Bitcoin (WBTC) spent years marketing itself as being governed by decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) that would have oversight over many parts of the product, including “the addition and removal of merchants and custodians.”

Its whitepaper claimed that “signatures are required from DAO members in order to add/remove members.”

Even as recently as a few months ago, WBTC has continued to emphasize that it “operates through a DAO.”

However, this supposed role of the WBTC DAO hasn’t always been respected.

HTX, formerly Huobi, was added as a merchant, the product’s term for an entity who can initiate mints and burns of WBTC, however, it was not approved by the DAO members listed on the Github, but a different set of signers from a different multisignature wallet.

A review of the smart contract reveals that 0xbE6d2444a717767544a8b0Ba77833AA6519D81cD is one of the merchants returned by the “getMerchants” function.

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Read more: Is HTX redeeming 80% of TrueUSD?

This address was listed as HTX on the WBTC dashboard in late 2024 when Protos reported on it being used to redeem approximately half a billion dollars worth of WBTC.

However, this address isn’t listed as one of the merchants on the WBTC DAO GitHub page.

HTX is listed as one of the merchants on the WBTC website.

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The entities that are still listed on GitHub include defunct and fraudulent entities such as Alameda Research and Three Arrows Capital, both of which are also still listed on the smart contract.

By further reviewing blockchain transactions on Ethereum, we can identify that this address was added as a merchant in November 2024, approximately two months after BiT Global and Justin Sun got involved in WBTC.

Read more: WBTC relaunches on TRON, but abandoned version is bigger

At the time, this transaction came from 0x4dbbbFb0e68bE9D8F5a377A4654604a62E851e80.

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Strangely, this address isn’t listed as one of the multisignature wallets for WBTC on GitHub.

The listed multisignature wallet doesn’t include any transactions for the day when HTX was added as a merchant.

The inclusion of HTX as a merchant becomes increasingly important in light of some of the problematic behaviors that the exchange is engaged in.

Read more: Justin Sun defends HTX while it lends 92% of its USDT on Aave

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It appears the publicly disclosed multisignature wallet, 0xB33f8879d4608711cEBb623F293F8Da13B8A37c5, appears to have been quietly replaced with a brand new multisignature wallet.

The wallet that was used lists several owners, many of whom differ from the WBTC DAO Github:

  • 0xFDF28Bf25779ED4cA74e958d54653260af604C20 — Listed as Kyber on the Merchants list on the GitHub, isn’t listed as a DAO member.
  • 0xb0F42D187145911C2aD1755831aDeD125619bd27 — Listed as BitGo on the custodian part of the GitHub, isn’t listed as a DAO member on the current GitHub commit, is listed as a small DAO member on a pull request.
  • 0xd5d4aB76e8F22a0FdCeF8F483cC794a74A1a928e — Not listed on the current GitHub commit, is mentioned in a pull request as Maker.
  • 0xB9062896ec3A615a4e4444DF183F0531a77218AE — Listed as Aave on the Merchants list on the GitHub, is not listed as a DAO member on the current commit, and is mentioned as a small DAO member on a pull request.
  • 0xddD5105b94A647eEa6776B5A63e37D81eAE3566F — Not listed on the current GitHub commit, is listed on a pull request as Tom Bean and is listed as a small DAO member there, multisignature wallet that includes:
    • 0x97788A242B6A9B1C4Cb103e8947df03801829BE4 — Not listed on the GitHub at all.
    • 0x59150a3d034B435327C1A95A116C80F3bE2e4B5E — Not listed on the GitHub at all.
  • 0x926314B7c2d36871eaf60Afa3D7E8ffc0f4F9A80 — Not listed on the current GitHub commit, appears to be a multisignature wallet created using BitGo’s technology, and is listed as BitGo 2 on a pull request describing it as a member of the small DAO.
  • 0x51c44979eA04256f678552BE65FAf67f808b3EC0 — Not listed on the current GitHub commit, appears to be another multisignature wallet created using BitGo’s technology, is listed as BitGo 3 on a pull request describing it as a member of the small DAO.
  • 0x0940c5bcAAe6e9Fbd22e869c2a3cD7A21604ED8D — Not listed on the GitHub at all.
  • 0x5DCb2Cc68F4b975E1E2b77E723126a9f560F08E8 — Not listed on the GitHub at all.

It is not clear why these changes aren’t reflected on the current version of the GitHub repository. Protos reached out to WBTC for some clarification, but it didn’t respond before publication.

By further reviewing the smart contract at 0x4dbbbFb0e68bE9D8F5a377A4654604a62E851e80, we can identify the five addresses that approved the listing of HTX:

  • 0xFDF28Bf25779ED4cA74e958d54653260af604C20 — Kyber
  • 0xb0F42D187145911C2aD1755831aDeD125619bd27 — BitGo
  • 0xddD5105b94A647eEa6776B5A63e37D81eAE3566F — Tom Bean
  • 0x926314B7c2d36871eaf60Afa3D7E8ffc0f4F9A80 — BitGo
  • 0x51c44979eA04256f678552BE65FAf67f808b3EC0 — BitGo

This means that although this multisignature wallet requires five signatures, three of them came from the same entity.

Only two non-custodian entities approved the addition of HTX as a merchant and those aren’t currently listed as DAO members on GitHub.

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Adding to the intrigue, Tom Bean’s project, bZx, was built on Kyber.

It’s also worth highlighting the fact that this multisignature wallet requires five signatures, BitGo controls three, and there are two addresses that aren’t listed at all on GitHub.

If those are controlled by BitGo or BiT Global, then it would be possible for the custodians to make changes without approval from a single additional WBTC DAO member.

Protos reached out to WBTC to determine the identity of those two addresses, but again, didn’t get a response before publication.

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BiT Global was added without WBTC DAO approval

This isn’t the first time that WBTC has appeared to ignore the advertised role of its DAO.

The whitepaper for WBTC claimed that “addition/removal of custodians” would be controlled by this DAO.

This used to be echoed on the website, which claimed, “The addition and removal of merchants and custodians will be an open process controlled by a multi-signature contract.”

Read more: Coinbase to delist WBTC months after Justin Sun controversy

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Mike Belshe, the chief executive of BitGo, also claimed when BiT Global was being installed that there was a large DAO that “owns the smart contract” and “picks, you know, how we do custody of this thing.”

Strangely, despite that claim, the WBTC DAO didn’t seem to be consulted on the addition of Sun-affiliated BiT Global as a custodian for WBTC.

The Github for the WBTC DAO still doesn’t list BiT Global as a custodian.

The website for WBTC does list BiT Global as one of the custodians, alongside BitGo and BitGo Singapore.

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The “members” smart contract still only lists a single custodian, 0xb0F42D187145911C2aD1755831aDeD125619bd27, a BitGo address.

This address is a multi-signature, so it’s possible that BiT Global was added as a signer to this wallet, meaning that the smart contract did not need to be updated with a new custodian address.

Broadly, despite the fact that WBTC manages over $8 billion in value, it seems to have neglected and ignored the DAO that has frequently been an important part of its marketing.

It’s replaced the multisignature wallet that governs it, without updates, with members whose identity we do not know.

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This replacement made it possible, or convenient, for HTX to be added as a merchant, but other problems have been ignored, such as the fact that both Alameda Research and Three Arrows Capital are included as merchants.

The large DAO was apparently bypassed regarding the addition of BiT Global.

However it is that WBTC operates, it’s not principally through its DAO.

Its claims of transparency and decentralization have been dashed against the difficulty of coordinating a variety of actors around the world.

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Crypto World

Bitcoin Surges After US Jobs Beat as Fed Pause Odds Near 95%

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Crypto Breaking News

Bitcoin (CRYPTO: BTC) faced a volatile session as U.S. payrolls data surprised to the upside, complicating the path for the Federal Reserve and market risk appetite. After an early intraday spike toward the high $60,000s, the largest cryptocurrency retraced, leaving traders weighing whether a deeper pullback is coming or a temporary pause in risk-off sentiment is enough to support a rebound. The reaction came as the broader equity complex wobbled, with major indices trading in divergent fashion in response to the jobs release and the Fed’s likely response to it. The day’s price action underscores how macro news can quickly reframe crypto downside risk and the near-term technical setup.

Key takeaways

  • Bitcoin briefly spiked toward the $69,000 mark intraday before reversing, with the move followed by a pullback that extended losses through the session.
  • U.S. nonfarm payrolls rose by 130,000 in January, well above the 55,000 consensus, while the unemployment rate ticked down to 4.3% from 4.4%.
  • Despite the strong jobs data, the signal for the Federal Reserve to hold rates at the March meeting persisted, supported by futures markets showing a high probability of a pause.
  • The S&P 500 inched higher early but then gave back the gains, while the Nasdaq Composite slid, illustrating mixed risk-asset responses to the same macro print.
  • Analysts and traders flagged a potential “slow bleed” scenario for BTC toward the sub-$60,000s or mid-$50,000s if buyers fail to reclaim key levels, with attention fixed on Friday’s CPI release for further clarity.

Tickers mentioned: $BTC

Sentiment: Bearish

Price impact: Negative. A sharp intraday spike gave way to a renewed downward slope, signaling renewed anxiety about near-term downside risk.

Trading idea (Not Financial Advice): Hold. The market is testing whether downside pressure can be contained above key support levels, with forthcoming inflation data likely to drive the next leg.

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Market context: The broader crypto environment remains sensitive to macro narratives—especially inflation trajectories and the likelihood of further monetary tightening or pauses—which shape liquidity and risk sentiment across digital assets.

Why it matters

The January employment report cemented a narrative in which a robust labor market reduces the near-term impulse for the Fed to cut rates, complicating the outlook for risk assets, including bitcoin. While stronger payrolls can intensify fears of higher-for-longer policy, the sheer resilience of the job market also mitigates the chance of a sharp recession, which can paradoxically support risk appetite in certain regimes. The market’s response in equities—modest gains in the S&P 500 that faded while tech-heavy indices retreated—reflects a nuanced equilibrium: traders are parsing whether macro strength translates into higher yields and tighter financial conditions, or whether cooling inflation signals will eventually embolden a broader risk-on posture.

Bitcoin’s price action over the session underscored those crosscurrents. The initial move higher suggested a renewal of demand, perhaps driven by the prospect of a Fed pause and the possibility of liquidity support from markets still navigating 2026’s macro landscape. Yet as the day evolved, the lack of follow-through on the upside and the re-emergence of selling pressure highlighted how quickly technical conditions can pivot on a single data release. For market participants, the takeaway is clear: macro prints will continue to define crypto volatility in the near term, even when the fundamental picture for blockchain technologies remains intact and the long-run adoption thesis remains intact.

Looking ahead, traders will be watching not only next week’s inflation data but also ongoing risk signals from both traditional markets and on-chain metrics. The interplay between macro cues and crypto-specific dynamics—such as exchange inflows, funding rates, and retail participation—will determine whether BTC stabilizes near current levels or tests critical supports in the low to mid-$60,000 range. The Fed’s eventual policy stance, as reflected in the FedWatch indicator and related market pricing, will remain a major driver, shaping whether risk assets get a sustained push or retreat into a risk-off regime.

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What to watch next

  • Friday’s Consumer Price Index (CPI) release to gauge inflation momentum and its impact on the Fed’s course.
  • The March FOMC decision and the probability of a rate pause, as reflected in futures markets.
  • BTC price action around key support levels near $64,000, $62,000, and the rumored $50,000 downside scenario.
  • Market breadth signals in equities and whether risk-on appetite improves or deteriorates in the wake of inflation data.
  • Any new official guidance from major market participants and notable traders regarding the balance of risk and potential upside catalysts for BTC.

Sources & verification

  • U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics January nonfarm payrolls report showing 130,000 jobs added and the unemployment rate at 4.3%.
  • CME Group FedWatch Tool indicating high odds of a rate pause in March.
  • TradingView BTCUSD price charts capturing intraday spikes and retracements on the session.
  • Kobeissi Letter’s analysis on unemployment trends and the Fed’s expected stance.
  • Price context and reference points discussed in market commentary noting BTC’s potential low-$60k to mid-$50k scenarios and prior coverage of $69,000 significance.

Bitcoin volatility and the jobs data backdrop

Bitcoin (CRYPTO: BTC) traded with pronounced sensitivity to the day’s macro data, underscoring how quickly crypto markets respond to shifts in macro policy expectations. The price momentum was highly event-driven: a brisk move up toward the $69,000 area was followed by a swift reversal, dragging the session into negative territory as the day wore on. The early move appeared to reflect a tempered optimism around a potential pause in rate hikes, but the subsequent pullback suggested that investors are not yet prepared to embrace a renewed up-leg without more convincing evidence of durable demand.

The January nonfarm payrolls report delivered numbers well above expectations—130,000 jobs added against a forecast of 55,000—while the unemployment rate declined to 4.3%. Such a strong labor market reduces the immediate pressure on the Fed to cut rates, implying a higher probability that policy normalization will proceed at a measured pace. In the near term, that translates to a cautious stance for crypto and other risk assets, even as the longer-term inflation trajectory remains a central question for market participants. The data fed into a narrative that a Fed pause would persist, a conclusion reflected by the CME FedWatch Tool’s readings that traders viewed the odds of a March pause as elevated, a signal that liquidity conditions may not tighten rapidly enough to derail risk appetite completely, but also that upside momentum in BTC would require a solid commitment from buyers at key price junctures.

Asset markets showed a mixed response. The S&P 500 edged higher in early trading before retracing, while the Nasdaq Composite slipped, highlighting a bifurcated risk environment where value and growth cohorts moved in different directions in response to the same macro release. Gold, often a proxy for macro uncertainty, also exhibited choppy behavior, briefly touching fresh February highs before trimming gains as traders weighed the likelihood of further volatility in the real economy. The nuance here is important: even with a robust January jobs report, the macro landscape remains unsettled, leaving markets to calibrate inflation expectations against the probability of a slower but still uncertain path for monetary policy.

Among traders, sentiment leaned toward caution. The Kobeissi Letter’s commentary framed the data as supportive of the view that the Fed would pause, a narrative that aligns with a broader market expectation of a softer near-term policy stance. Yet the absence of a decisive bounce in BTC underscored a critical point: macro strength does not automatically translate into immediate crypto upside, particularly when the price must contend with meaningful resistance around prior highs and the looming risk of a renewed downturn if buyers fail to reclaim and sustain momentum above critical levels. In this context, BTC’s journey from the intraday peak back toward sub-$70,000 territory epitomized the current tension between macro resilience and crypto-specific risk management.

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Crypto World

Coinbase Launches Crypto Wallets Purpose-Built For AI Agents

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Coinbase Launches Crypto Wallets Purpose-Built For AI Agents

Coinbase has launched crypto wallet infrastructure that allows AI agents — programs that can think and transact without human input — to spend, earn and trade crypto. 

In a post on Wednesday, Coinbase programmers Erik Reppel and Josh Nickerson said the new Agentic Wallets feature aims to build on today’s agents, which can answer questions, summarize documents, and assist with tasks, but can’t execute trades or orders on behalf of users.

“The next generation of agents won’t just advise — they’ll act,” the pair said, adding that AI agents will be able to do everything from monitoring decentralized finance positions and rebalancing portfolios to paying for compute and API access and participating in creator economies.

Source: Coinbase Developer Platform

Reppel and Nickerson said Agentic Wallets build on Coinbase’s AgentKit framework, introduced in November 2024, which enabled developers to embed wallets into agents.

The agents can transact via Coinbase’s x402, a purpose-built payments protocol for autonomous AI use cases that has already reportedly seen 50 million transactions.

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Through x402, “Agents acquire API keys, purchase compute, access premium data streams, and pay for storage – all autonomously, creating truly self-sustaining machine economies,” the programmers said.

Reppel and Nickerson said agents would be able to operate on the Ethereum layer-2 network Base, “Managing positions and executing strategies wherever the opportunities exist.”

“Build agents that monitor yields across protocols, execute trades on Base and manage liquidity positions 24/7. Your agent detects a better yield opportunity at 3am? It rebalances automatically, no approval needed because you’ve already set permissions and controls.”

AI agents now operable on the Bitcoin Lightning Network

Lightning Labs, the team behind the Bitcoin layer-2 Lightning Network, also released a new toolset on Wednesday that enables AI agents to transact on Lightning using the L402 protocol standard.

The AI agents can also run a Lightning node and manage a Lightning wallet containing native Bitcoin (BTC) without access to the private keys.

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Source: Lightning Labs

Meanwhile, Crypto.com CEO Kris Marszalek launched ai.com on Monday, a platform that lets users create personal AI agents to perform everyday tasks on their behalf.