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Judge Rules Jenner’s Memecoin Not a Security; Lawsuit Dismissed

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A California federal judge has cleared Caitlyn Jenner of a class-action push stemming from her JENNER memecoin, ruling that the token does not meet the basic securities requirements under U.S. law. In a Thursday order, U.S. District Judge Stanley Blumenfeld Jr. said the plaintiffs failed to plausibly plead that JENNER tokens were investment contracts because the venture did not pool investor money or use funds to develop a related product or technology.

Defendants stated that “the $JENNER token is a memecoin on the Ethereum blockchain intended solely for entertainment purposes,” and that its value would increase because Jenner would use her fame and influence to promote it, increasing demand. Promotion alone, however, does not establish a common enterprise absent pooling or a structure linking investor fortunes.

The case traces back to November 2024, when a group of JENNER memecoin buyers filed suit against Jenner and her late manager, Sophia Hutchins, alleging an unregistered securities offering and that investors lost thousands as the token’s price collapsed. The plaintiffs claimed that Jenner’s campaign-promised activities and fee mechanics would drive a return for investors. In May 2025, Blumenfeld had already tossed the suit for failure to state a claim, and an amended complaint was filed later that month, led by Lee Greenfield, a UK citizen who said he had invested more than $40,000.

In the amended filing, plaintiffs argued that investors pooled their assets as Jenner promised that once the token reached a market value of $50 million, a 3% transaction fee would fund token buybacks, marketing, donations to a political campaign, and a separate token representing ownership in Jenner’s Olympic gold medal. Blumenfeld pointed out that the amended complaint heavily focused on donations to Donald Trump’s campaign but did not clearly explain how such donations would deliver a financial return to investors. He also noted that the plan to distribute fractional ownership in the gold medal was announced after most purchases and was never executed.

The judge declined to give the class another chance to amend the complaint and indicated that claims tied to contracts and common-law fraud under California law would be more appropriate in state court. The decision leaves the securities-related claims resolved in federal court, while signaling that related state-law claims may proceed separately on different grounds.

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JENNER first surfaced on the Solana blockchain via the memecoin creatorPump.fun in May 2024. The project quickly found itself embroiled in controversy after Jenner and other celebrities behind memecoin launches claimed they were allegedly scammed by Sahil Arora, a figure linked to the project’s early promotion efforts. Jenner subsequently relaunched JENNER on Ethereum, a move that investors said diluted the value of the original Solana token, which had peaked at nearly $7.5 million in June 2024 before retreating sharply.

The court’s ruling highlights a central challenge in memecoin litigation: promotional activity alone does not automatically create a securities partnership or an investment contract unless funds are pooled and a plausible path to investor returns can be demonstrated. The decision does not provide a broad endorsement of memecoins as safe investments, but it narrows the legal route for investors who relied primarily on celebrity promotion to claim securities violations.

For investors and builders in the memecoin ecosystem, the ruling reinforces the importance of transparent token mechanics and verifiable fundraising structures. It also underscores that, even in high-profile celebrity launches, the line between entertainment-focused tokens and regulated securities remains a contested frontier—one that regulators continue to scrutinize, particularly as new token categories emerge and promotional campaigns accelerate.

Key takeaways

  • The court dismissed the federal securities claims against Caitlyn Jenner in the JENNER memecoin case, ruling the token did not plausibly constitute an investment contract because funds were not pooled and no related product or technology was developed with investor money.
  • The decision preserves the possibility that related California-law claims could proceed in state court, though the federal securities case is resolved on the merits for now.
  • The amended complaint failed to convincingly connect promised uses of a 3% fee and public donations to tangible financial returns for investors, according to the judge’s order.
  • JENNER originated on Solana in May 2024, later migrated to Ethereum after controversies and claims of misrepresentation, with the token peaking at about $7.5 million in mid-2024 before collapsing.
  • The ruling underscores that promotional activity alone is insufficient to show a common enterprise or an investment contract; structure and fund flows matter significantly in securities analyses of memecoins.

Context and implications for the memecoin landscape

The ruling arrives at a time of heightened regulatory attention toward memecoins and celebrity-led token launches. While it narrows the scope for investors to pursue federal securities claims in similar cases, it does not absolve promoters from potential liability on other legal grounds. The case illustrates that courts will closely examine whether investor money was actually pooled and whether a credible pathway exists for investors to obtain a financial return, beyond hype and promotional activity.

Looking ahead, observers will watch whether California state courts continue to pursue related contract or fraud theories and how parties might frame future campaigns to balance promotional potential with clear, investor-centric tokenomics. As the ecosystem evolves, the balance between creative branding and legally compliant fundraising remains a central concern for issuers, platforms, and legal counsel navigating a rapidly shifting regulatory environment.

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Readers should monitor developments around memecoin regulation, enforcement actions, and any new guidance from U.S. authorities as they analyze cases where celebrity-led launches intersect with traditional securities law principles. The outcome in this case serves as a notable data point in the broader discourse on what constitutes a security in the fast-moving world of blockchain-enabled hype tokens.

Risk & affiliate notice: Crypto assets are volatile and capital is at risk. This article may contain affiliate links. Read full disclosure

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MegaETH Launches Real-Time Ethereum L2 With Sub-10ms Blocks and $89M TVL

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Brian Armstrong's Bold Prediction: AI Agents Will Soon Dominate Global Financial

TLDR:

  • MegaETH processes over 100,000 TPS with sub-10ms block times, settling all activity directly on Ethereum mainnet.
  • iTRY, a Turkish Lira stablecoin backed by money market funds, launches with a real-time 45% APY yield loop strategy.
  • Kumbaya XYZ holds $51M of MegaETH’s $89M TVL, with USDM capturing 74% of the network’s $84M stablecoin market cap.
  • 53% of $MEGA token supply unlocks only after hard KPIs are met, with USDM revenue funding active protocol buybacks now.

MegaETH ($MEGA) is gaining attention as the first real-time Ethereum Layer 2 in history. The network delivers sub-10-millisecond block times and over 100,000 transactions per second.

All activity settles directly on Ethereum. The protocol currently holds approximately $89 million in total value locked.

With 2.26 million transactions in 24 hours and zero artificial incentives, MegaETH is building momentum. The network positions itself as a high-throughput onchain settlement layer for real applications.

iTRY Launch and Live DeFi Protocols Drive Activity on MegaETH

One of the most anticipated developments is the launch of iTRY, a Turkish Lira stablecoin. As noted by researcher Nick Research on X, iTRY is backed by money market funds and offers around 45% APY.

The yield strategy works through a real-time loop: lock iTRY, mint wiTRY, borrow USDm, and compound yield. This carry loop removes traditional lock-up barriers for yield seekers.

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The broader stablecoin market on MegaETH is already well-established. USDM, issued through Ethena, captures over 74% of the $84 million stablecoin market cap on the network.

Kumbaya XYZ contributes $51 million of the $89 million total TVL on its own. That concentration shows real capital deployment rather than distributed incentive farming.

Bluechip DeFi protocols went live on the network from day one. Aave V3, GMX, and World Markets launched alongside a Chainlink Scale integration.

That integration provides access to nearly $14 billion in flagship assets, including wstETH and LBTC. This confirms that major DeFi infrastructure views MegaETH as production-ready.

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Perpetuals trading activity is rising sharply on the network as well. Weekly perps volume climbed 900% to reach $45 million over seven days.

The sequencer operates at cost, which keeps transaction fees among the lowest in crypto. These factors together are drawing active traders to the platform.

$MEGA Tokenomics Link Supply Unlocks to Hard Performance Milestones

The $MEGA token structure stands out for its milestone-based unlock mechanism. There are no points programs, no emissions, and no manufactured TVL incentives in the design.

Instead, 53% of total supply unlocks only after the network hits hard KPIs. Token release is directly tied to real, measurable growth.

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Foundation revenue from USDM activity flows into direct $MEGA buybacks, which are already active. This buyback mechanism provides consistent demand without depending on market speculation.

Protocol revenue-backed buybacks at this stage of development remain uncommon. It adds a self-sustaining element to the overall token economy.

The token generation event remains tied to milestones rather than a fixed calendar date. This approach shifts builder incentives toward long-term throughput growth.

The network currently runs at 10 gigagas per second, supporting complex smart contracts at scale. That throughput level makes MegaETH suitable for applications requiring fast, reliable execution.

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The MegaMafia ecosystem is expanding into DeFi, gaming, and culture. Brix recently secured $5.5 million from Turkish institutional investors ahead of the iTRY launch. Active addresses reached 3,230 in 24 hours, reflecting genuine user engagement on the network.

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ETH Derivatives Sentiment Shifts as Buyers Take Control for the First Time Since 2022

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ETH Derivatives Sentiment Shifts as Buyers Take Control for the First Time Since 2022

TLDR:

  • ETH net taker volume turned positive at +$102M, snapping months of consistent sell-side dominance.
  • Sell pressure peaked at -$568M when Ethereum set its all-time high just below $5,000 this cycle.
  • Comparable buying pressure was last recorded in 2022 when ETH traded near the $1,000 price level.
  • Since March, buy-side volumes have steadily grown, pointing to a possible shift in market positioning.

ETH derivatives sentiment has undergone a notable change in recent weeks. After prolonged and consistent selling pressure throughout this market cycle, buy-side volumes are finally gaining ground.

Data from derivatives exchanges shows that net taker volume has turned positive, recording +$102 million in a single day.

This marks a clear departure from the heavy sell-side dominance seen at previous ETH price peaks. Analysts are now watching whether this shift holds and supports a broader recovery for Ethereum.

Heavy Sell Pressure Shaped ETH Derivatives Throughout This Cycle

For most of this cycle, Ethereum has faced unusual and persistent selling pressure in derivatives markets. Net taker volume, which tracks the difference between buy and sell market orders on derivatives exchanges, remained almost consistently negative. This pattern became particularly visible during key price events in late 2024.

When ETH attempted to break above $4,000 in December 2024, net taker volume fell sharply to -$511 million. The sell pressure became even more extreme when Ethereum later reached an all-time high just below $5,000. At that point, sell-side dominance hit a cycle high of -$568 million in net taker volume.

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Source: Cryptoquant

On-chain analyst Darkfost drew attention to this persistent trend in a recent post on Cryptoquant. The data showed that buyers repeatedly failed to absorb supply at key price levels throughout this cycle.

Sellers consistently overpowered buying activity, pushing net taker volume deep into negative territory during each rally.

That ongoing imbalance prevented Ethereum from sustaining breakouts, even during brief moments of upside price action.

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Buy-Side Volume Climbs to Levels Not Seen Since the 2022 Bear Market

Since March, the dynamic in ETH derivatives markets has changed considerably. This change followed months of negative readings that characterized Ethereum’s derivatives activity.

Buy-side volumes have taken control, with net taker volume recording +$102 million in a single day. The last time Ethereum recorded comparable buying pressure was back in the 2022 bear market.

At that time, ETH was trading near the $1,000 area when similar buy-side activity appeared in the market. Market observers note this comparison carries weight given the scale of the current buying activity.

The return of strong buying interest at current price points to a change in how derivatives traders are positioned.

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Darkfost noted in the post: “Since March, buy-side volumes have finally taken control, with +$102 million recorded today.”

The analyst added that buyers absorbing supply and chasing upside could signal the early stages of a recovery for Ethereum. The data stands in sharp contrast to the aggressive sell-side behavior that defined much of this cycle.

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Charles Schwab, Citadel Both Mull Prediction Market Play

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Charles Schwab, Citadel Both Mull Prediction Market Play

Traditional finance giants Charles Schwab and Citadel Securities are both considering entering prediction markets, with each separately weighing up how they wish to get involved in the fast-growing sector.

“I think at some point we likely will have prediction markets,” Rick Wurster, the CEO of the banking and investing titan Schwab, told investors during a call on Thursday.

He added that prediction markets weren’t “of tremendous interest” when he recently asked a group of Schwab clients about them, but it was an area the company would “take a hard look at, and it would be quite straightforward for us to offer.”

Charles Schwab CEO Rick Wurster speaking to CNBC after the company launched Bitcoin and Ether trading on Thursday. Source: CNBC

Prediction markets such as the popular Kalshi and Polymarket have exploded in use over the past few months, with both platforms seeing a record combined total monthly trading volume of $23.6 billion in March, according to Token Terminal.

However, Kalshi, Polymarket and other prediction market platforms have also caught the ire of some US state regulators, who have accused them in court of offering unlicensed sports betting.

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Some federal lawmakers have also vowed to crack down on prediction markets, claiming the platforms weren’t doing enough to stamp out insider trading.

Wurster said Schwab’s potential offering would steer away from allowing bets on areas such as sports, politics and pop culture as it looks to position itself as a partner for building long-term wealth.

“Prediction markets that are not aligned to that are not something that we want to pursue,” he said. “If you look at the stats on the success of gamblers, they’re not strong, and people generally lose money.”

Citadel “keeping an eye” on prediction markets

Meanwhile, Citadel Securities president Jim Esposito said at a Semafor conference in Washington, DC, on Thursday that the company is “absolutely keeping an eye on developments” in prediction markets. 

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Citadel Securities president Jim Esposito speaking at the Semafor World Economy conference on Thursday. Source: YouTube

“We’re not there yet, there’s not that much liquidity,” he added, but said that the market is likely to “ramp and scale,” and it was “certainly possible” that the market-making firm would potentially look to get involved.

Related: Democrats question CFTC chair on insider trading in prediction markets

Esposito said Citadel was “not looking at sports at the moment at all, I don’t see us entering that market,” but did signal an interest in some event contracts.

He added that Citadel could see its retail and institutional clients use some event contracts as a hedge for risks to their investments, such as contracts for elections, which have been known to move markets.

“That’s going to be some of the biggest risks to investors’ portfolios that they’re going to have to grapple with,” Esposito said. “Having a clean and distinct way to hedge certain risks, I think there’s a good use case and industrial logic to it.”

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Magazine: Should users be allowed to bet on war and death in prediction markets?