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Morpho Unveils Fixed-Rate Protocol Morpho Midnight

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Morpho Unveils Fixed-Rate Protocol Morpho Midnight

Morpho is the second-largest lending protocol in DeFi, with $7.7B in TVL.

Morpho, DeFi’s second-largest lending protocol by value locked, has officially named its long-in-development fixed-rate product: Morpho Midnight.

Co-founder and CEO Paul Frambot announced the name on X today, April 14, emphasizing that Midnight is not a sequel to Morpho Blue. “It is a completely new paradigm for onchain lending, and should not be considered a ‘V2’ of Blue,” Frambot wrote.

The distinction is structural, according to Frambot’s X post. Morpho Blue offers pool-based, open-term variable-rate markets with externalized risk management. Midnight introduces intent-based, fixed-term, fixed-rate markets with externalized management of both risk as well as rate, a different mechanism for pricing and matching lenders and borrowers.

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The two protocols will coexist and complement each other within the broader Morpho network, per the X post. Frambot first flagged the naming overhaul of Morpho’s fixed rate market in early March, when he dropped versioning terminology (Markets V1/V2) in favor of distinct brand identities for each product.
Frambot added in today’s announcement that more details on Midnight are expected as security audits finalize.

Morpho currently holds approximately $7.7 billion in total value locked, per data from DefiLlama, making it the second-largest lending protocol in DeFi, following Aave with $26.3 billion in TVL.

Last June, The Defiant reported on Morpho’s V2 launch, which introduced fixed-rate and fixed-term loans, with the aim to bring DeFi lending closer to traditional finance structures, which Midnight now builds on.

Last month, the Ethereum Foundation made its second deployment into Morpho Vaults, bringing its total commitment to nearly $19 million and citing the protocol’s immutable, open-source architecture as a model for cypherpunk-aligned DeFi infrastructure.

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This article was written with the assistance of AI workflows. All our stories are curated, edited and fact-checked by a human.

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XRP vs. Chainlink (LINK): Which Crypto Offers Better Returns in 2025?

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xrp price

Quick Overview

  • XRP’s market valuation stands at approximately $83.4 billion compared to Chainlink’s $6.6 billion, offering significantly higher liquidity
  • The XRP Ledger processes transactions in 3–5 seconds with fees as low as 0.00001 XRP, establishing it as a payment-focused network
  • Chainlink has integrated with major financial institutions including Swift, DTCC, Euroclear, and J.P. Morgan-associated tokenization initiatives
  • Circulating supply: XRP has 61 billion tokens of 100 billion maximum; Chainlink has approximately 727 million of 1 billion total
  • Each cryptocurrency targets the tokenized finance sector but employs fundamentally different strategies

When evaluating XRP versus Chainlink, investors are actually comparing two fundamentally distinct blockchain infrastructures rather than similar digital assets. Your optimal selection hinges primarily on your investment horizon.

XRP commands a substantially larger market presence. According to CoinGecko data, its market capitalization hovers around $83.4 billion, dwarfing Chainlink’s approximately $6.6 billion valuation. This disparity carries significant implications. XRP enjoys broader exchange listings, captures greater retail investor interest, and typically gains momentum when cryptocurrency markets shift toward established large-cap alternatives.

xrp price
XRP Price

The narrative surrounding XRP remains straightforward and accessible. The XRP Ledger was specifically engineered for payment processing. Network transactions finalize within three to five seconds, with standard fees amounting to merely 0.00001 XRP. This presents a compelling, uncomplicated proposition for investors seeking efficient, cost-effective value transfer mechanisms.

Ripple continues expanding XRP’s institutional framework. The organization promotes the XRP Ledger as foundational infrastructure for asset tokenization and institutional decentralized finance, incorporating regulatory compliance mechanisms, instantaneous settlement capabilities, and programmable asset frameworks. Investors need not envision entirely new applications—they simply need confidence that existing collaborations will expand.

Chainlink’s fundamental value proposition resists simple explanation. It does not function primarily as a payment token. Instead, its core utility centers on oracle infrastructure, cross-chain interoperability via its CCIP protocol, and tokenized asset management workflows.

Chainlink’s Enterprise Integration

Despite this complexity, Chainlink has established genuine institutional credibility. The platform has documented collaborations with Swift, DTCC, Euroclear, and programs connected to J.P. Morgan-backed tokenized finance developments.

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Chainlink (LINK) Price
Chainlink (LINK) Price

Chainlink positions itself as comprehensive infrastructure supporting the complete lifecycle of tokenized assets, encompassing data provision, regulatory compliance, and cross-chain asset mobility. While this represents an enormous addressable market, it remains largely unrealized at present.

The tokenomics also diverge significantly between these assets. XRP maintains a fixed maximum supply of 100 billion tokens, with approximately 61 billion currently circulating. This substantial non-circulating reserve creates potential concern regarding future dilution among some investors. Chainlink caps total supply at 1 billion tokens, with roughly 727 million presently in circulation—a structure many investors view as more favorable from an inflation perspective.

Matching Assets to Investment Timelines

For investors operating on shorter timeframes, XRP holds the more advantageous current position. It provides superior liquidity, a more accessible narrative, and clearer near-term catalysts.

For those adopting longer-term perspectives, Chainlink may deliver greater appreciation potential if tokenized finance achieves the scale industry experts anticipate.

Chainlink could appear significantly undervalued retrospectively if it establishes itself as the dominant data and interoperability infrastructure for tokenized assets. However, this scenario depends on market developments that remain forthcoming.

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XRP’s trajectory appears more evident presently. Its identity as a payments network is well-established, its institutional collaborations are actively progressing, and its market dominance is undeniable.

Concluding Assessment

Both cryptocurrencies present legitimate investment rationales. XRP represents the more robust near-term opportunity based on market liquidity and narrative accessibility. Chainlink functions as the more speculative long-term infrastructure investment. Your decision ultimately depends on whether you’re investing in cryptocurrency’s current applications or its future potential evolution.

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Anyone Can Print Credit Now

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Anyone Can Print Credit Now
The Rise of Permissionless Credit Creation

Introduction

For centuries, the ability to create and extend credit has been tightly controlled by centralized financial institutions. Banks, acting as gatekeepers, determined who could borrow, at what cost, and under what conditions. This structure concentrated power, limited access, and introduced inefficiencies that often excluded large segments of the global population.

Today, a new paradigm is emerging—permissionless credit creation. Built on a decentralized financial infrastructure, this model enables anyone with capital and an internet connection to participate as a lender. It represents a fundamental shift in how credit is created, distributed, and priced.

From Gatekeepers to Open Access

Traditional credit systems rely on intermediaries to assess borrower risk, allocate capital, and enforce repayment. These intermediaries introduce friction, increase costs, and often restrict access based on geography, identity, or credit history.

Permissionless systems remove these barriers. Through blockchain-based protocols, individuals can directly supply capital to lending markets without requiring approval from a central authority. Participation is no longer determined by institutional criteria but by ownership of digital assets and willingness to engage with transparent, open systems.

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This shift transforms credit from a controlled resource into a globally accessible financial primitive.

Anyone Can Become a Lender

In a permissionless environment, the role of a lender is no longer exclusive to banks or financial institutions. Individuals can allocate their assets into decentralized liquidity pools, where they are algorithmically matched with borrowers.

This democratization of lending introduces several key dynamics:

  • Capital Efficiency: Idle assets can be deployed to generate yield.
  • Global Reach: Lenders can serve borrowers across jurisdictions without friction.
  • Continuous Liquidity: Markets operate 24/7, unconstrained by traditional banking hours.

The result is a system where capital flows more freely and efficiently, driven by incentives rather than institutional mandates.

Credit Markets Without Banks

At the core of permissionless credit systems are smart contracts—self-executing code that enforces the rules of lending and borrowing. These contracts replace many functions traditionally performed by banks, including:

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  • Loan issuance
  • Collateral management
  • Interest rate calculation
  • Liquidation processes

Because these mechanisms are encoded and transparent, they reduce reliance on trust and eliminate many operational inefficiencies. Borrowers can access credit instantly, provided they meet the protocol’s requirements, typically in the form of overcollateralization.

While this model differs from traditional unsecured lending, it establishes a foundation for more complex and nuanced credit systems to evolve.

Algorithmic Risk Pricing

One of the most significant innovations in permissionless credit creation is algorithmic risk pricing. Instead of relying on human judgment or opaque credit scoring systems, decentralized protocols use real-time market data to determine interest rates and risk parameters.

These systems dynamically adjust based on:

  • Supply and demand for capital
  • Volatility of collateral assets
  • Utilization rates within lending pools

As a result, interest rates become market-driven signals rather than institutionally imposed figures. This creates a more responsive and adaptive credit environment, where risk is continuously assessed and priced in real time.

Advantages of Permissionless Credit

The emergence of permissionless credit systems introduces several transformative benefits:

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  • Financial Inclusion: Individuals without access to traditional banking can participate in global credit markets.
  • Transparency: All transactions and rules are visible on-chain, reducing information asymmetry.
  • Efficiency: Automation reduces administrative overhead and operational delays.
  • Resilience: Decentralized systems are less vulnerable to single points of failure.

These advantages position permissionless credit as a powerful alternative to legacy financial systems, particularly in regions underserved by traditional institutions.

Risks and Limitations

Despite its potential, permissionless credit creation is not without challenges:

  • Overcollateralization Requirements: Many systems require borrowers to lock more value than they borrow, limiting accessibility.
  • Smart Contract Risk: Vulnerabilities in code can lead to significant financial losses.
  • Market Volatility: Rapid price fluctuations can trigger liquidations and amplify systemic risk.
  • Regulatory Uncertainty: Evolving legal frameworks may impact adoption and operation.

Addressing these limitations will be critical for the long-term sustainability and scalability of permissionless credit systems.

The Future of Credit

Permissionless credit creation represents more than a technological innovation—it is a redefinition of financial power. By removing intermediaries and enabling open participation, it shifts control from centralized institutions to decentralized networks.

As infrastructure matures, we can expect the development of:

  • Undercollateralized and reputation-based lending models
  • Cross-chain credit markets
  • Integration with real-world assets and identities

These advancements will further blur the line between traditional finance and decentralized systems, potentially leading to a hybrid global credit network.

Conclusion

The ability to create credit has long been one of the most powerful tools in finance. With the rise of permissionless systems, that power is no longer confined to banks.

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Anyone can now participate in credit creation—allocating capital, pricing risk, and earning yield in a transparent, global marketplace. While challenges remain, the trajectory is clear: credit is becoming open, programmable, and accessible to all.

The question is no longer who is allowed to lend.
It is how this newfound power will reshape the financial world.

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World Liberty Financial (WLFI): Could This Token Follow LUNA’s Collapse? Red Flags Emerge

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Brian Armstrong's Bold Prediction: AI Agents Will Soon Dominate Global Financial

Key Takeaways

  • Technical analysis reveals a bear flag formation on WLFI’s chart, suggesting a potential decline of 20% toward $0.066 during April.
  • The project utilized its own illiquid WLFI tokens to secure a $75 million stablecoin loan through Dolomite, a platform operated by World Liberty Financial’s CTO.
  • Pool utilization surged to 93% following the borrowing activity, preventing certain depositors from accessing their stablecoin funds.
  • Tron’s Justin Sun, who committed a minimum of $75 million to WLFI, claims the project employed a concealed “backdoor blacklisting function” to freeze his 544 million token holdings.
  • The threat of releasing more than 16 billion WLFI tokens hangs over the market, intensifying concerns about severe dilution.

The WLFI token from World Liberty Financial faces mounting challenges throughout April 2026. A combination of technical warning signs, controversial internal transactions, and a high-profile confrontation with a major investor are creating downward pressure on the asset’s valuation.

[[IMG_4]]
World Liberty Financial (WLFI) Price

From a technical perspective, WLFI is currently confined within a bear flag formation — a chart pattern typically associated with continued downward momentum. The measured projection from this configuration suggests a price target near $0.066, representing approximately 20% below present trading levels. Should the token manage an upward breakout, traders would watch the 20-day and 50-day exponential moving averages positioned at $0.081 and $0.085 as immediate overhead resistance zones.

The WLFI/USDT trading pair displays this pattern prominently on four-hour timeframes, following several weeks of sharp price deterioration.

Controversial Collateral Strategy Raises Questions

Beyond technical indicators, recent on-chain activity has become the primary focus for concerned investors. According to blockchain intelligence from Arkham Intelligence, addresses associated with World Liberty Financial deposited approximately 3 to 5 billion WLFI tokens on Dolomite — notably, a DeFi lending protocol created by the project’s own chief technology officer — securing roughly $75 million worth of stablecoins including USD1 and USDC.

More than $40 million of these borrowed stablecoins subsequently transferred to Coinbase Prime. This transaction sequence elevated Dolomite’s pool utilization rate to approximately 93%, effectively limiting withdrawal capabilities for other platform participants.

Observers have characterized this arrangement as “circular” liquidity extraction — leveraging the project’s own low-liquidity tokens to withdraw tangible value. Should WLFI experience significant price depreciation, the underlying collateral risks liquidation, potentially dumping massive token quantities into the market while leaving depositors exposed to unrecoverable losses.

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Morten Christensen, who founded airdropalert.com and holds WLFI tokens, stated: “The whole taking a loan on your own token as collateral is tremendously shady.”

Sun’s Public Accusations Escalate Tensions

Justin Sun, the Tron blockchain founder who committed no less than $75 million to WLFI and accepted an advisory role, has publicly challenged the project’s practices. Sun alleges the team deployed an undisclosed backdoor mechanism to freeze his 544 million token allocation. He further contends that governance procedures were manipulated and has called for complete transparency regarding token release schedules.

On April 12, World Liberty Financial countered via X (formerly Twitter): “Justin’s favorite move is playing the victim while making baseless allegations to cover up his own misconduct.” The statement concluded: “See you in court pal.”

According to blockchain analytics provider Bubblemaps, Sun’s token holdings were initially frozen in September 2025, coinciding with the project’s 20% token unlock event. The freeze has persisted continuously since that date.

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World Liberty maintains it has repurchased more than $65 million worth of WLFI tokens and denies liquidating any significant positions.

The organization indicated plans to conduct a governance vote addressing remaining token unlocks, while emphasizing that any release would occur incrementally rather than simultaneously. A proposed unlock involving over 16 billion tokens allocated for public distribution remains unresolved.

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White House says deal is close

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White House clears 401(k) rule that opens door to crypto

The crypto regulation standoff over the CLARITY Act shifted Monday when White House crypto adviser Patrick Witt told an interviewer that negotiations have cleared most remaining obstacles and that he is confident the final issues can be resolved, saying “we’re very close to closing them out.”

Summary

  • Witt said the stablecoin yield dispute that dominated headlines for three months is largely settled under the Tillis-Alsobrooks framework, and that several other issues including DeFi rules and ethics provisions have made “considerable progress in the background.”
  • The White House adviser would not specify which remaining issues have been closed, but said the fact that previously intractable problems were resolved gives him confidence that the outstanding ones will be too.
  • Senator Thom Tillis is expected to release an updated stablecoin yield compromise draft this week, which could unlock a Senate Banking Committee markup before the end of April and a floor vote by late May.

The Witt interview aired Monday on CoinDesk TV as the Senate returned from Easter recess and Ripple CEO Brad Garlinghouse publicly projected the bill would pass by end of May. Witt acknowledged that the common ground secured by Senators Tillis and Alsobrooks on stablecoin yield “seems to be intact,” a notable signal given that Coinbase reversed its opposition to the bill earlier this month. The CLARITY Act cleared the House in July 2025 by a 294 to 134 vote and the Senate Agriculture Committee in January 2026, leaving only the Senate Banking Committee markup as the final major procedural step before the Senate floor.

The White House adviser’s language was deliberate. He said the negotiations made “considerable progress in the background” while the public focus was on the stablecoin yield fight, suggesting that DeFi rules and Democratic ethics demands are closer to resolution than the public record indicates. He also said that “all of these issues felt intractable and unsolvable at one point in time,” using past tense, which implies most of those previously intractable issues are now resolved.

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What Still Needs to Happen Before a Vote

The Banking Committee needs a markup date from Chairman Tim Scott, who has not announced one. After the committee vote, the Banking and Agriculture Committee versions must be reconciled, then the combined Senate text must be reconciled with the House version, and then the bill requires a presidential signature. That is four sequential steps after the markup, each of which is a potential delay point.

Why the White House Is Pushing Now

The Iran war, the midterm calendar, and the TRUMP memecoin investigation are all converging in the same April window. The White House needs a crypto legislative win before the midterms arrive and Democratic incentives to cooperate disappear. As the markup window opens this week, the White House position is that the deal is done enough to vote. Whether Banking Committee members agree is the question that will define the next two weeks.

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Chinese robotaxi companies forge ahead with UAE expansion despite Iran war

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WeRide doubles down on the Middle East: Robotaxis roll out in Dubai

Uber and WeRide are partnering to offer robotaxi service in Abu Dhabi.

Courtesy Uber Technologies, Inc.

BEIJING — At least three Chinese robotaxi companies are pressing ahead with expansion plans in the Middle East despite the ongoing Iran war.

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Ride-hailing company Didi plans to begin its first overseas robotaxi test in the United Arab Emirates later this year, according to a statement Wednesday.

Zhang Bo, co-founder of Didi and head of its autonomous driving business, disclosed the plans at a UAE-China business cooperation forum in Beijing earlier this week, according to the statement. Abu Dhabi Crown Prince Sheikh Khaled bin Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan met Chinese President Xi Jinping in Beijing on Tuesday as part of a three-day state visit.

Didi’s UAE testing plan follows a broader push by Chinese autonomous driving companies in the region.

Guangzhou-based WeRide said earlier this month it had launched fully driverless, fare-charging robotaxi service in Dubai’s Jumeirah and Umm Suqeim districts. Riders can book a robotaxi through Uber‘s app.

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Pony.ai is also pursuing commercial operations in the emirate. In late March, Pony.ai CEO James Peng said in response to a CNBC question that the war had not affected its application for a commercial license in Dubai and that he viewed the conflict as short term.

The Chinese robotaxi company said in September that it received permission from Dubai’s Roads and Transport Authority to test autonomous driving locally.

WeRide doubles down on the Middle East: Robotaxis roll out in Dubai

Baidu‘s robotaxi unit Apollo Go also announced on April 1 that residents and visitors in Dubai could start hailing fully driverless rides through its app. It was not immediately clear whether there were restricted areas of operation.

Dubai’s media office said in a social media post that the rollout would start with 50 vehicles, with plans for over 1,000 robotaxis over the next few years.

Chinese robotaxi companies have ramped up their global expansion plans in the last two years, with the Middle East emerging as an early launch market, followed by tests in Europe. Meanwhile, Alphabet-backed Waymo has rolled out fleets across more of the U.S. and has begun tests in London and Japan.

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Kraken co-CEO confirms confidential IPO filing at global economy summit

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Kraken co-CEO confirms confidential IPO filing at global economy summit

Kraken co-CEO Arjun Sethi confirmed on Tuesday that the cryptocurrency exchange has moved forward with a confidential filing for an initial public offering in the United States.

Summary

  • Kraken co-CEO Arjun Sethi confirmed the exchange has filed confidentially for a US initial public offering during a recent industry conference.
  • Deutsche Börse Group secured a 1.5% stake in Kraken’s parent company through a $200 million investment that values the platform at $13.3 billion.
  • The exchange leadership clarified that long-term growth and regulatory trust remain the primary drivers for going public rather than immediate capital needs.

Semafor reported from the World Economy 2026 conference that Sethi verified the filing during a discussion with reporter Rohan Goswami. 

When asked if the news was significant, Sethi remarked, “I believe that’s news,” marking the first official confirmation of the move following unconfirmed reports in March that suggested the listing had been paused due to market volatility.

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The disclosure coincided with a strategic $200 million investment from Deutsche Börse Group into Kraken’s parent company, Payward. 

This deal gives the German market operator a 1.5% fully diluted stake and establishes a valuation of $13.3 billion for the exchange. This figure represents a decline from the $20 billion valuation the company held in November.

Kraken told crypto media that the partnership with Deutsche Börse is intended to merge digital assets with traditional finance. The goal is to create a single, cohesive infrastructure for institutional clients rather than maintaining parallel systems for different asset classes.

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Addressing the timing of the IPO, Sethi noted that the decision is not a reaction to the current political climate in Washington. He suggested that while policy shifts might seem significant on a quarterly basis, they carry less weight for a firm looking at a multi-decade horizon. 

“If you’re thinking about your company three, five, 10 or 20 years out, none of this is meaningful,” Sethi said. “It just doesn’t matter.”

The executive further clarified that the drive to go public is not solely about raising capital. Instead, the move hinges on specific market conditions and the level of established trust with regulatory bodies.

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Kevin Warsh discloses crypto and AI investments ahead of Senate Fed hearing

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Kevin Warsh discloses crypto and AI investments ahead of Senate Fed hearing

Federal Reserve nominee Kevin Warsh disclosed a diverse portfolio of private technology investments, including stakes in artificial intelligence and digital assets, as he prepares for a high-stakes Senate confirmation hearing.

Summary

  • Federal Reserve nominee Kevin Warsh disclosed over $100 million in assets, including stakes in various cryptocurrency and artificial intelligence startups, ahead of his Senate hearing.
  • The Senate Banking Committee scheduled a confirmation hearing for April 21 to vet Warsh as the successor to Jerome Powell, whose second term as chair concludes in mid-May.

According to a filing with the U.S. Office of Government Ethics, the former Fed governor holds interests in crypto-focused firms Compound and Dapper Labs, alongside AI startups such as Factory and Glue. 

While the disclosure values his total assets at more than $100 million, specific valuation ranges for these individual technology holdings were notably absent.

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Reuters reports that federal ethics guidelines exempt officials from reporting the value of assets worth less than $1,000, though the filing did detail substantial positions elsewhere, including over $50 million in the Juggernaut Fund and $10 million in consulting income from Stanley Druckenmiller’s Duquesne Family Office.

President Trump formally submitted Warsh’s name to the Senate in March, following a January announcement that signaled an end to Jerome Powell’s leadership. 

The move comes as the administration faces a ticking clock; Powell’s second term as chair concludes on May 15. 

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The Senate Banking Committee has now scheduled Warsh’s appearance for April 21, positioning him to take over the central bank’s influence over interest rates and broader financial policy just weeks before the vacancy opens.

Despite the movement on the Fed’s leadership, the administration has yet to fill critical vacancies at the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC). 

The SEC is currently operating with only three of its five commissioner seats filled, while the CFTC is down to a single commissioner, Michael Selig. 

These gaps persist as a stalled crypto market structure bill remains in the Senate, leaving both agencies shorthanded at a time when they are expected to define the future of digital asset regulation.

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Bitcoiners Propose Freezing Quantum-Vulnerable Coins Under BIP-361

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Crypto Breaking News

Bitcoin researchers led by cypherpunk Jameson Lopp, along with five co-authors focused on quantum security, have put forward a controversial plan to shield the network from a future quantum-enabled theft. The proposal, labeled BIP-361 and titled “Post Quantum Migration and Legacy Signature Sunset,” would be implemented in three stages to migrate coins away from quantum-vulnerable output types — including Satoshi’s widely discussed stash — and to harden the network before quantum computers become practical threats. The draft was posted to GitHub this week as the second installment in the broader plan.

The impetus for the proposal is clear: researchers warn that roughly 1.7 million BTC stored in early P2PK addresses could be at risk if a quantum adversary gains access to powerful quantum hardware. Among these coins is the so‑called Satoshi stash, which some estimate could be valued in today’s dollars at around $74 billion. The aim, the authors argue, is to prevent a scenario in which quantum-enabled theft undermines trust in the Bitcoin network. The plan is framed as a defensive mechanism—a private incentive to upgrade—rather than an offensive maneuver to seize control of others’ funds.

Key takeaways

  • BIP-361 is a three-phase plan that follows BIP-360’s soft-fork approach and aims to migrate vulnerable coins to quantum-resistant paths, addressing about 34% of Bitcoin’s supply that remains at risk unless moved.
  • The phases are timed: Phase A begins three years after activation and would stop new BTC from being sent to old-style addresses, requiring users to migrate to quantum-resistant types.
  • Phase B arrives five years after activation, invalidating old-style signatures and effectively freezing any funds remaining in vulnerable addresses.
  • Phase C provides a zero-knowledge proof-based recovery mechanism for those who missed the deadline but can still demonstrate ownership via seed recovery, offering a potential rescue path.
  • The proposal has drawn swift pushback from parts of the Bitcoin community, with critics calling it heavy-handed or confiscatory, arguing it undermines Bitcoin’s ethos of opt-in upgrades.

Context and the technical what-ifs

In February, developers released BIP-360, which proposed a soft fork introducing a new output type known as pay-to-Merkle-root (P2MR). The idea mirrors Bitcoin’s existing Taproot (P2TR) structure but removes the quantum-vulnerable key path from legacy addresses. While BIP-360 would protect funds moving forward, it does not automatically safeguard the substantial portion of the supply that remains vulnerable in old addresses unless owners proactively move funds to quantum-resistant forms.

BIP-361 extends this concept into a staged migration. Three years after activation, Phase A would bar transfers to old-style addresses, forcing users to adopt quantum-secure address formats. Then, five years after activation, Phase B would invalidate old-style signatures altogether, rendering coins in vulnerable addresses effectively unspendable unless they have already migrated. Phase C offers a potential rescue mechanism using zero-knowledge proofs to allow recovery for users who still possess their seed phrases but failed to upgrade in time.

Related: Bitcoin Magazine has noted the debate’s potential hard-fork implications, underscoring that the policy could center the fate of historical coins and alter the network’s long-term security model.

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“This is not an offensive attack, rather, it is defensive: our thesis is that the Bitcoin ecosystem wishes to defend itself and its interests against those who would prefer to do nothing and allow a malicious actor to destroy both value and trust.”

Community reaction and the philosophical divide

The plan has ignited a robust discussion about Bitcoin’s core principles and the trade-offs of upgrading a global, permissionless system. Critics argue that forcing upgrades or rendering unupgraded UTXOs unspendable would mark a significant departure from Bitcoin’s ethos of non-coercive change and could set a dangerous precedent for future interventions.

Bitcoin protocol developer and researcher Mark Erhardt, who circulated BIP-361 on social media, faced immediate critique. Responders described the proposal as “authoritarian and confiscatory,” questioning the rationale for mandating upgrades and the legitimacy of rendering old spends invalid.

Other voices weighed in with skepticism as well. Bitcoin Magazine’s editors and contributors have been vocal in challenging the premise, while TFTC founder Marty Bent characterized aspects of the approach as inconsistent with the community’s expectations. Phil Geiger, head of business development at Metaplanet, offered a provocative take on the tension between protection and coercion. The broader sentiment remains unsettled: the consensus on whether a crypto-legalistic safeguard should override voluntary evolution is far from settled.

Cointelegraph reached out to Lopp for comment on the proposal; there was no immediate response at the time of publication. The GitHub draft, however, provides a concrete framework for discussion and potential future forks, even as many stakeholders call for a cautious, community-driven examination of the implications.

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For readers tracking the evolution of quantum resilience in Bitcoin, the conversation now shifts from theoretical risk to concrete, staged mitigation. The three-phase design is designed to minimize disruption by letting the ecosystem migrate over time, but it also raises fundamental questions about asset-holding rights, upgrade incentives, and the governance of a decentralized network.

Implications for holders, users, and builders

From a practical standpoint, BIP-361 highlights two enduring tensions in Bitcoin’s path to quantum readiness. First, there is the temptation to act decisively to protect value, especially when the stakes include a multi-trillion-dollar network and the world’s most valuable cryptocurrency by market capitalization. Second, there is the risk that coercive upgrades or automatic penalties could fragment the ecosystem or erode trust among users who prefer to manage their own keys and seeds at their own pace.

For investors and developers, the proposal underscores the importance of forward-looking security models. If the plan progresses, the market could see increased demand for quantum-resistant wallets and services, as well as migrations that push older holders toward newer output types. The timeline—three years to Phase A and five to Phase B—provides a window for infrastructure teams to test compatibility, wallets to implement support for P2MR-like paths, and communities to debate the ethics and practicality of forced upgrades.

As the discussion unfolds, observers will be watching how this approach interacts with existing upgrade narratives, such as soft forks and user-initiated migrations. The zero-knowledge recovery proposed in Phase C is a particularly notable element: it aims to offer a path back to funds for those who missed the deadline, but the feasibility and privacy implications of such a mechanism will require rigorous scrutiny before any real-world deployment.

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What to watch next

The BIP-361 draft opens a testing ground for how the Bitcoin community might address quantum threats without waiting for a single, sweeping upgrade. The next steps will likely involve broader discussions on GitHub, more technical vetting of the P2MR architecture, and public comment on the ethical and philosophical implications of effectively freezing or confiscating old UTXOs. Investors and builders should monitor how proponents respond to pushback from core developers and community voices, and whether practical consensus emerges around the timing and scope of any future activation.

As the conversation evolves, the central question remains: can a planned, staged migration deliver robust quantum protection without compromising Bitcoin’s foundational principles? The answer will shape not just security strategies, but the culture of upgrade, trust, and governance in the years ahead.

Risk & affiliate notice: Crypto assets are volatile and capital is at risk. This article may contain affiliate links. Read full disclosure

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Nasdaq Extends Rally to 10 Sessions as Bitcoin Surges Past $74K

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Bitcoin (BTC) Price

Key Highlights

  • Bitcoin maintained its position above the $74,000 threshold as investor confidence returned to global markets
  • Major Asian stock indices, notably China’s CSI 300, completely recovered from earlier geopolitical setbacks
  • Spot Bitcoin ETFs in the United States recorded $471 million in net inflows during a single trading session, bringing total cumulative flows above $56 billion
  • The S&P 500 advanced 1.2% while the Nasdaq jumped 2%, marking the Nasdaq’s tenth consecutive daily gain
  • Crude oil prices held beneath the $100 per barrel mark amid speculation of potential diplomatic engagement between Washington and Tehran, reducing inflation concerns

Bitcoin successfully maintained its position above the $74,000 mark on Wednesday as market participants demonstrated renewed appetite for riskier asset classes. Financial markets worldwide extended their rally, recovering ground lost during the U.S.-Iran tensions that emerged in late February.

Bitcoin (BTC) Price
Bitcoin (BTC) Price

Equity markets across Asia spearheaded the recovery movement. China’s CSI 300 index emerged as the most recent benchmark to completely reverse its conflict-driven losses, following similar recoveries in Taiwanese and Singaporean markets that had already returned to levels seen before the crisis began.

U.S. equity markets demonstrated strong momentum. The S&P 500 climbed 1.2% while the Nasdaq Composite soared 2%. The Dow Jones Industrial Average contributed with a 317-point increase. The S&P 500 has now delivered positive returns in nine out of the last ten trading sessions and remains just shy of the record peak it established in late January.

E-Mini S&P 500 Jun 26 (ES=F)
E-Mini S&P 500 Jun 26 (ES=F)

The Nasdaq pushed its consecutive winning session streak to an impressive ten days. Year-to-date losses attributed to the Iran conflict have been virtually eliminated.

Diplomatic developments contributed significantly to market sentiment. President Trump revealed earlier in the week that communication channels between Washington and Tehran have been established. Oil prices retreated following this announcement and continue trading below the $100 per barrel threshold, alleviating the inflationary pressures that had challenged markets throughout March.

Institutional Bitcoin ETF Activity Reflects Strong Conviction

Within cryptocurrency markets, U.S. spot Bitcoin ETFs registered $471 million in net positive flows on April 6, representing their most robust single-session performance since February. Total cumulative inflows have now surpassed the $56 billion milestone since these investment vehicles debuted in January 2024.

Bitcoin’s current trading price hovers near the calculated average cost basis for ETF investors. Market analysts suggest this level may serve as support, given that investors who maintained positions during the decline below $60,000 have limited incentive to exit at or near their entry point.

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“Institutions pouring in $471 million in a single day and pushing past $56 billion cumulative means Bitcoin is getting a whole new class of long-term holders,” said Vikrant Sharma, founder of CakeWallet.

Alternative Cryptocurrencies Show Divergent Performance

Ether posted a 4% weekly advance, reaching approximately $2,325, surpassing Bitcoin’s 3.9% weekly increase. However, performance across alternative cryptocurrencies remained inconsistent. Solana declined 1.5% to $83, Cardano retreated 1%, and Dogecoin decreased 1.3% to settle at $0.093.

Tron distinguished itself with a 3% weekly appreciation.

Market observers are also incorporating expectations for potential Federal Reserve interest rate reductions later in the year. Such monetary policy adjustments typically inject liquidity into risk-oriented assets, a dynamic that has historically benefited both equities and digital currencies.

Corporate earnings announcements are commanding attention as well. Bank of America and Morgan Stanley are both scheduled to release quarterly results before Wednesday’s market opening.

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U.S. stock index futures maintained relatively stable positioning Tuesday evening following the robust trading session, with contracts linked to the S&P 500, Nasdaq 100, and Dow Jones all trading near unchanged levels.

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Crypto World

Tim Draper Doubles Down on $250K Bitcoin (BTC) Forecast After Nailing Previous Predictions

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Brian Armstrong's Bold Prediction: AI Agents Will Soon Dominate Global Financial

Key Takeaways

  • Venture capitalist Tim Draper has renewed his $250,000 Bitcoin price forecast, setting an 18-month timeline for the target
  • In 2014, Draper purchased 30,000 BTC for $632 per coin at a U.S. Marshals auction following the Mt. Gox incident
  • Bitcoin reached a peak of $126,080 in October 2025 and currently trades near $74,271
  • Draper points to increased adoption and deteriorating fiat currencies as primary drivers for his optimistic projection
  • His 2014 forecast of $10,000 BTC proved correct, while more recent predictions have not met their timelines

Tim Draper’s journey with Bitcoin stretches back to its earliest days. The prominent venture capitalist first acquired Bitcoin when it traded at just $4, attempting to mine cryptocurrency with a business partner using specialized chips from Butterfly Labs. According to Draper, those chips never materialized as promised — he alleges the company used them for their own mining operations instead.

When the equipment eventually showed up, Bitcoin’s price had already surged past $30. Draper proceeded to build a substantial position, which he ultimately lost completely in the infamous Mt. Gox exchange failure.

Undeterred, Draper made a bold move in 2014, investing $19 million at a U.S. Marshals Service auction to acquire 30,000 BTC confiscated from the Silk Road operation, at a price of $632 each.

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Immediately following that acquisition, he made a public forecast that Bitcoin would climb to $10,000 within three years. The prediction drew widespread skepticism. History proved him correct.

An Evolving Timeline for a Bold Forecast

On April 14, Draper shared an extensive post on X detailing his Bitcoin experience and future price expectations. He acknowledged that his latest targets “have not been so prescient” — his previous forecast called for BTC to touch $250,000 by the close of 2025.

That timeframe has been adjusted. Draper now projects Bitcoin will achieve $250,000 within the next 18 months.

He identifies two primary catalysts behind this projection: expanding acceptance of Bitcoin for everyday transactions and the ongoing devaluation of conventional fiat currencies through inflationary pressures.

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Draper has consistently advocated for Bitcoin’s potential to displace traditional money. He’s stated in the past that failing to hold Bitcoin is “irresponsible” and predicted that merchants will eventually accept only BTC for transactions.

Current Bitcoin Market Position

Bitcoin touched its record high of $126,080 on October 6, 2025. Since that peak, the cryptocurrency has declined approximately 40%, trading around $74,271 as of this writing.

Beyond Bitcoin itself, Draper maintains investments in prominent cryptocurrency platforms such as Coinbase and Robinhood Markets. He was also an early Tesla backer before that company considered accepting Bitcoin payments.

Additionally, Draper has introduced DraperTV on Pump.fun, a platform built on Solana, where he showcases content with fellow entrepreneurs.

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