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New York Attorney General sues Coinbase, Gemini over prediction markets

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Roman Storm reacts as U.S. prosecutors push for October retrial in Tornado Cash case

New York Attorney General Letitia James has sued Coinbase Financial Markets and Gemini Titan, accusing both firms of running unlicensed prediction market businesses in violation of state gambling law. 

Summary

  • New York sued Coinbase and Gemini, alleging unlicensed prediction markets violated state gambling and licensing rules.
  • Coinbase removed the case to federal court, arguing federal law governs prediction markets and preemption applies.
  • The lawsuit adds pressure on crypto firms as states challenge federally regulated event-based trading products.

The lawsuits add a new legal challenge for crypto companies offering event-based contracts in the United States.

The state argues that both firms allowed users in New York to access prediction-style products without obtaining licenses from the New York State Gaming Commission. James said the cases seek fines, restitution, and the recovery of profits the state describes as illegal.

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James said Coinbase and Gemini offered markets tied to events such as sports and elections without meeting state gambling rules. She also said the products were available to people between 18 and 21, even though New York law sets 21 as the minimum age for mobile sports betting.

In a statement, James said “Gambling by another name is still gambling, and it is not exempt from regulation under our state laws and Constitution.” Her office said the lawsuits are meant to stop the companies from offering these products in New York unless they comply with state rules.

Meanwhile, Coinbase has challenged New York’s legal theory and said the case belongs in federal court. Chief Legal Officer Paul Grewal said the company had removed the action to federal court under federal statutes governing federal-question and federal-officer removal.

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In a post on X, Grewal said ”We have removed this action to federal court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331, 1441, and 1442. New York’s claims necessarily raise disputed and substantial questions of federal law. They are subject to complete preemption. And New York cannot defeat federal-officer removal through artful pleading.”

That response builds on Coinbase’s broader position that prediction markets fall under federal oversight through the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. Gemini had not immediately responded to media requests for comment in the earlier reports.

Billions sought in claims against both firms

Court filings cited in reports show New York is seeking at least $2.2 billion from Coinbase and $1.2 billion from Gemini. The state says both companies ran unlicensed markets while avoiding the controls that apply to legal betting businesses in New York.

The size of the claims adds more pressure to an area of crypto that has expanded quickly over the past year. Prediction markets have drawn more users and more attention from regulators as platforms move deeper into sports, politics, and other event-based contracts.

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Moreover, the lawsuits come as state and federal officials continue to clash over who controls prediction markets. The CFTC has argued that it has exclusive authority over these products, while several states say local gambling laws still apply.

That dispute has become one of the main legal questions facing the sector. Coinbase launched prediction markets in the United States through Kalshi, while Gemini entered the space through Gemini Titan. The new case shows that even as federal oversight develops, state enforcement remains active.

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Crypto World

Kelp Exploiter Moves $175M of Stolen Funds: Arkham

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Kelp Exploiter Moves $175M of Stolen Funds: Arkham

The attacker behind the roughly $290 million Kelp DAO exploit began moving tens of thousands of Ether to newly created blockchain addresses on Tuesday, in what appears to be an effort to start laundering the stolen funds.

The wallet tagged by Arkham as linked to the Kelp DAO exploit moved about 75,700 Ether (ETH) worth roughly $175 million across three transactions on Tuesday, including a 25,000 ETH transfer to one newly created address and transfers of 50,700 ETH and 0.7 ETH to another.

Blockchain investigator ZachXBT wrote in a Tuesday Telegram post that addresses tied to the exploit had begun moving funds through THORChain and Umbra. He flagged three THORChain transactions totaling about $1.5 million and a separate $78,000 transfer through Umbra.

On Saturday, an attacker drained about 116,500 restaked Ether (rsETH), worth roughly $290 million to $293 million at the time, from Kelp DAO’s LayerZero-powered rsETH bridge.

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LayerZero said Kelp DAO’s 1/1 decentralized verifier network (DVN) setup created a single point of failure by relying on a single verifier path for cross-chain messages. LayerZero said it had previously advised against that configuration.

Fallout spreads across DeFi

The transfers came hours after Arbitrum said its 12-member security council had taken emergency action to freeze 30,766 ETH tied to the exploit and move the funds into an “intermediary frozen wallet” accessible only through Arbitrum governance.

Kelp DAO attacker-tagged wallet, latest transactions. Source: Arkham 

The exploit also hit other DeFi protocols, including Aave, where the attacker used the stolen funds as collateral to borrow against the protocol. Early estimates put the hole at about $195 million, but Aave’s Monday incident report later outlined two potential outcomes: roughly $123.7 million in bad debt under one scenario and about $230.1 million under another.

The transfers suggest the attackers had begun moving funds through non-custodial protocols that can complicate tracing and recovery. THORChain does not require traditional Know Your Customer checks.

During the $1.4 billion Bybit hack in 2025, attackers converted about 83% of the stolen Ether into Bitcoin (BTC), with 72% of the funds moving through THORChain, according to Bybit CEO Ben Zhou. Zhou said at the time that 77% of the stolen funds were still traceable.

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Related: ZachXBT asks MemeCore to explain valuation and token supply

Aave unfreezes Ethereum V3 market as borrow rates spike

On Tuesday, Aave said it had unfrozen Wrapped Ether (WETH) reserves on the Ethereum Core V3 market, enabling users to supply WETH to the V3 lending protocol once again. However, WETH reserves across Ethereum Prime, Arbitrum, Base, Mantle and Linea remain frozen.

Source: Julio Moreno

Meanwhile, the thinning liquidity saw Aave’s borrowing rates for USDt (USDT) rise from 3% to 14%, marking the highest figures since December 2024, wrote Julio Moreno, the head of research at analytics platform CryptoQuant, in a Monday X post.

Fears over a potential contagion caused significant outflows from Aave, as its total value locked (TVL) fell by about $10 billion since the exploit to $16.4 billion as of Tuesday, DefiLlama data shows.

Magazine: 53 DeFi projects infiltrated, 50M NEO tokens could be ‘given back’: Asia Express

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