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OpenAI Pits AI Agents Against Each Other to Red-Team Smart Contracts

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Crypto Breaking News

OpenAI has unveiled a benchmarking framework aimed at measuring how effectively AI agents can detect, mitigate, and even exploit security vulnerabilities in crypto smart contracts. The project, titled “EVMbench: Evaluating AI Agents on Smart Contract Security,” was released in collaboration with Paradigm and OtterSec, two organizations with deep exposure to blockchain security and investment. The study assesses AI agents against a curated set of 120 potential weaknesses drawn from 40 smart contract audits, seeking to quantify not just detection and patching capabilities but also the theoretical exploit potential of these agents in a controlled environment.

Key takeaways

  • EVMbench tests AI agents against 120 vulnerabilities culled from 40 smart contract audits, emphasizing vulnerabilities sourced from open-source audit competitions.
  • Among the models tested, Anthropic’s Claude Opus 4.6 led with an average detect award of $37,824, followed by OpenAI’s OC-GPT-5.2 at $31,623 and Google’s Gemini 3 Pro at $25,112.
  • OpenAI frames the benchmark as a step toward measuring AI performance in “economically meaningful environments,” not just toy tasks, highlighting the real-world implications for attackers and defenders in the crypto security landscape.
  • The researchers note that smart contracts secure billions of dollars in assets, underscoring the strategic value of AI-enabled tooling for both offensive and defensive activities.
  • Industry observers have tied these developments to broader discussions about AI-driven payments and the role of stablecoins in everyday transactions, with major executives predicting growing agentic usage in the coming years.
  • The context for such work is underscored by 2025’s crypto-security incident data, which shows a continued flow of funds through vulnerabilities and attacks, reinforcing the demand for robust AI-enabled auditing and defense mechanisms.

Detect awards for AI agents are detailed in the OpenAI PDF accompanying the study, which also describes the evaluation methodology and the scenarios used to simulate real-world smart-contract risk. The authors emphasize that while AI agents have evolved to automate a wide range of routine tasks, assessing their performance in “economically meaningful environments” is essential to understanding how they’ll perform under pressure in production systems.

“Smart contracts secure billions of dollars in assets, and AI agents are likely to be transformative for both attackers and defenders.”

OpenAI notes that it expects agentic technologies to broaden the scope of payments and settlement, including stablecoins used in automated workflows. The discussion around AI-enabled payments extends beyond security testing to the broader question of how autonomous systems will participate in daily financial activity. The company’s own projections suggest that agentic payments could become more commonplace, grounding AI capabilities in practical use cases that touch everyday consumer transactions.

In tandem with the benchmark results, Circle CEO Jeremy Allaire has publicly forecast that billions of AI agents could be transacting with stablecoins for everyday payments within the next five years. That view intersects with a recurring theme in crypto circles: the potential for crypto to become the native currency of AI agents, a narrative that has gained notable attention from industry leaders and investors alike. While such predictions remain speculative, the underlying trend is clear—AI automation is moving from the lab to the transaction layer, where it could reshape how value moves across networks.

The study arrives at a moment when crypto security continues to be a significant risk factor for investors. The data point about 2025’s assault on crypto funds—where attackers pulled roughly $3.4 billion—highlights the urgency of improved tooling and faster, more reliable patching mechanisms. The EVMbench framework is positioned, in part, as a way to measure whether AI agents can meaningfully contribute to defensive capabilities at scale, reducing exploitation opportunities and accelerating threat mitigation.

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To build the benchmark, researchers drew on 120 curated vulnerabilities spanning 40 smart contract audits, with many weaknesses traced back to open-source audit challenges. OpenAI argues the benchmark will help track AI progress in recognizing and mitigating contract-level weaknesses at scale, offering a standardized way to compare future AI models as they evolve. The study also provides a lens into how AI might be applied to normalizing risk assessment across a wide range of smart-contract architectures, rather than focusing solely on isolated cases.

Smart contracts weren’t built for humans: Dragonfly

In a contemporaneous thread on X, Haseeb Qureshi, a partner at Dragonfly, argued that crypto’s promise of replacing property rights and traditional contracts never materialized not because the technology failed, but because it was never designed with human intuition in mind. He has highlighted the persistent fear associated with signing large transactions in an environment where drainer wallets and other attack vectors remain a constant threat, in stark contrast to the comparatively smoother experience of traditional bank transfers.

Qureshi contends that the next phase of crypto transactions could be enabled by AI-intermediated, self-driving wallets. Such wallets would monitor risk, manage complex operations, and autonomously respond to threats on behalf of users, potentially reducing the friction and fear that characterize large transfers today.

“A technology often snaps into place once its complement finally arrives. GPS had to wait for the smartphone, TCP/IP had to wait for the browser. For crypto, we might just have found it in AI agents.”

The broader takeaway from this thread is that AI agents may play a critical role in transforming how people interact with crypto—shifting from manual, error-prone transactions to automated, risk-aware processes that can scale with adoption. As AI agents begin to demonstrate more competence in handling security concerns, users could see improved reliability and resilience in decentralized finance workflows, even as the underlying technologies continue to mature.

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What to watch next

  • Publication and independent replication of the full EVMbench dataset across additional AI models and architectures.
  • Broader adoption of AI-assisted auditing workflows by auditors, exchanges, and DeFi projects looking to bolster security postures.
  • Explorations into agentic wallets and autonomous payment flows, including regulatory and compliance considerations for AI-managed assets.
  • Follow-up benchmarks comparing more AI systems as new versions roll out, tracking improvements in detection accuracy and patching speed.

Sources & verification

  • OpenAI: EVMbench: Evaluating AI Agents on Smart Contract Security — PDF: https://cdn.openai.com/evmbench/evmbench.pdf
  • OpenAI: Introducing EVMbench — https://openai.com/index/introducing-evmbench/
  • Crypto security losses in 2025 (reporting coverage): https://cointelegraph.com/news/crypto-3-4-billion-losses-2025-wallet-hacks
  • Dragonfly: Haseeb Qureshi on AI and crypto UX (X post): https://x.com/hosseeb/status/2024136762424185208
  • China’s AI lead and crypto implications (analysis): https://cointelegraph.com/news/china-ai-lead-future
  • AI Eye — IronClaw and AI bot developments in Polymarket coverage: https://cointelegraph.com/magazine/ironclaw-secure-private-sounds-cooler-openclaw-ai-eye/

Key figures and next steps

The EVMbench study demonstrates that large language models and related AI agents are beginning to perform meaningful security work in the smart contract space, with clearly quantifiable differences across models. Claude Opus 4.6’s lead in average detect awards signals that certain architectures may be more adept at spotting and mitigating vulnerabilities within complex contract logic, while others trail, offering a spectrum of capabilities that researchers will likely want to refine. The inclusion of multiple industry partnerships in the project underscores the growing consensus that AI-enabled security and automated risk management could become essential to scale in decentralized environments.

As the field evolves, observers will be watching for how quickly AI agents can transition from detection to remediation, and whether these agents can operate reliably in live systems without introducing new risks. The conversation about AI-driven wallets and autonomous payments touches on a broader set of questions around security governance, user consent, and regulatory alignment. If the trajectory suggested by OpenAI and its partners continues, AI-assisted tools could become a core component of future crypto infrastructure, changing both the risk calculus and the user experience in meaningful ways. The next round of benchmarks, alongside real-world deployments, will help determine how quickly this vision materializes and what safeguards must accompany it.

Risk & affiliate notice: Crypto assets are volatile and capital is at risk. This article may contain affiliate links. Read full disclosure

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BNC Shareholder Dispute Sparks Governance Tensions

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BNC Shareholder Dispute Sparks Governance Tensions

Binance-affiliated investment firm YZi Labs (formerly Binance Labs) publicly accused asset manager 10X Capital on Wednesday of failing to comply with US securities disclosure requirements. The dispute comes amid broader governance changes at CEA Industries.

In an official blog post, the firm alleged that 10X Capital failed to comply with SEC rules requiring disclosure of ownership stakes once a certain threshold is reached.

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YZi Labs Accuses 10X Capital of Reporting Violations

The dispute centers on CEA Industries, known by its Nasdaq ticker, BNC. The company describes itself as managing the world’s largest corporate treasury of BNB. 

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For crypto market participants, the situation is particularly relevant. BNC’s treasury strategy ties it closely to the Binance ecosystem. Governance or asset management changes at the company could affect how its large BNB holdings are managed.

Both YZi Labs and 10X Capital hold positions in BNC, and recent developments indicated an escalating contest over governance. 

The latest accusations come just one week after BNC publicly refuted earlier claims made by YZi Labs regarding the company’s compliance with Nasdaq rules tied to the timing of its Annual Meeting of Stockholders. In that February 13 statement, BNC said it was fully compliant and rejected what it described as “false” and “reckless” assertions.

In a formal letter addressed to 10X Capital on Wednesday, YZi Labs alleged that the asset manager failed to properly report its ownership stake in CEA Industries.

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Under US securities law, investors who accumulate more than 5% of a public company’s shares must disclose their holdings. That way, other shareholders are aware of potential shifts in influence.

According to YZi Labs, 10X Capital has owned more than 5% of BNC’s shares since late 2025. However, it did not file a Schedule 13D to formally report that stake or disclose that it may have been acting together with other shareholders.

YZi Labs also alleged that 10X Capital founder Hans Thomas, who serves on BNC’s board, did not submit the required SEC filing that directors must complete to disclose their initial share ownership in the company.

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“SEC disclosure rules are not ‘personal preferences’ or ‘optional housekeeping’ – they are the baseline standard and non-negotiable obligations for anyone who wants a seat on a public company Board,” said Alex Odagiu, an investment partner at YZi Labs. “If you cannot manage timely Section 16 filings and clear ownership disclosure, you should not be managing a public company.”

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The allegations surfaced the same day BNC’s Board of Directors announced a proposal to amend its Asset Management Agreement with 10X Capital. 

Governance Stakes Rise Over Asset Deal

In its proposal, the Board said it is seeking lower management fees, a shorter contract term, and more flexible termination provisions. It described the move as part of a broader effort to enhance operational flexibility and long-term value.

It followed what it described as a comprehensive review of the agreement and came after YZi Labs publicly confirmed the termination of a previously undisclosed side agreement with 10X that had restricted amendments to the deal. 

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With that restriction lifted, the Board said it is moving forward with renegotiation discussions.

The developments unfold alongside YZi Labs’ own regulatory filings. The investment firm previously disclosed that it had crossed the 5% ownership threshold following the company’s share repurchases and later formed a shareholder group.

Crossing that threshold is significant under both federal securities law and Nevada corporate law, where CEA Industries is incorporated. 

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While federal rules require disclosure, Nevada law governs shareholder rights and board authority. Ownership levels can affect a shareholder’s ability to initiate actions, such as consent solicitations, or to influence governance decisions.

Against that backdrop, the timing of the disclosure dispute and the Board’s push to revise 10X’s asset management agreement suggest the disagreement may extend beyond regulatory filings. It may also reflect deeper questions over control and strategic direction at the BNB-focused public company.

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Bitcoin Caught Between Hawkish Fed and Dovish Warsh

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Bitcoin Caught Between Hawkish Fed and Dovish Warsh

The Federal Reserve’s January meeting minutes revealed a surprisingly hawkish committee. Several officials openly discussed rate hikes. That sets the stage for a dramatic policy clash when Kevin Warsh takes over as chair this summer.

The Fed’s hawkish stance now threatens to box in Warsh before he even starts, raising the stakes for both monetary policy and crypto markets.

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A Committee Tilting Hawkish — Right Before a Leadership Change

The FOMC voted 10-2 on Jan. 28 to hold rates at 3.5%-3.75%. Governors Christopher Waller and Stephen Miran dissented. Both preferred a quarter-point cut, citing labor market risks.

But the broader committee leaned the other way. Several participants warned that further easing amid elevated inflation could signal a weakened commitment to the 2% target. A larger group favored holding rates steady. They wanted a “clear indication that disinflation was firmly back on track” before cutting again.

Most strikingly, several officials wanted the post-meeting statement to reflect possible “upward adjustments” to the federal funds rate. This was a direct reference to potential rate hikes.

Powell Out, Warsh In — And a Policy Collision Looms

Chair Jerome Powell’s term ends in May. He has two more meetings at the helm. Trump announced on Jan. 30 that former Fed Governor Warsh would replace him.

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Warsh has spoken in favor of lower rates. That aligns with Trump’s repeated calls for cheaper borrowing. The White House on Wednesday insisted recent data showed inflation was “cool and stable.”

But the committee’s hawkish majority may not cooperate. Rate decisions are made by 12 voting members. Only a few lean dovish. The rest see inflation risks as the top priority.

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Analysts noted that the committee’s hawkish tone could complicate Warsh’s confirmation process and limit his room to pivot toward cuts early in his tenure.

If confirmed, Warsh’s first meeting as chair would be in June. Futures traders price the next cut around the same time. But the Fed’s preferred inflation gauge — the PCE Price Index — is expected to re-accelerate in the coming months. That could delay any easing further.

Asian Liquidity Returns, Amplifying the Selloff

Bitcoin began sliding shortly after the minutes dropped during US afternoon trading. It fell from around $68,300 to below $66,500 by early Asian morning hours. That marked a 1.6% decline over 24 hours.

The timing mattered. Asian traders were returning from the Lunar New Year holiday. Rising volumes and turnover amplified the move lower. Escalating US-Iran tensions added fuel. Oil prices surged more than 4%, further weighing on risk appetite across crypto markets.

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Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong called the decline psychological rather than fundamental. He said the exchange was buying back shares and accumulating Bitcoin at lower prices.

What Comes Next

The Fed’s next meeting is on March 17-18. A cut there is effectively off the table. Markets now look to June as the earliest window.

But the real question extends beyond timing. It is whether Warsh can steer a deeply divided committee toward cuts while inflation remains sticky. The hawkish majority has made its position clear. Changing that will require more than a new chair.

For Bitcoin, the macro backdrop remains challenging. The combination of a hawkish Fed, a contested leadership transition, and returning Asian liquidity points to continued volatility in the weeks ahead.

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2-Step Bitcoin Quantum Plan, Prepare For AGI

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2-Step Bitcoin Quantum Plan, Prepare For AGI

Crypto industry executives at Cointelegraph’s LONGITUDE conference in Hong Kong stressed the importance of addressing Bitcoin’s technological risks and said that clear US regulations can’t come soon enough.

Co-hosted by crypto exchange OneBullEx, the Feb. 12 event opened with a fireside chat featuring Tron founder Justin Sun, who discussed what the industry needs to prioritize — including preparing for artificial general intelligence (AGI) — which many expect to arrive within the next few years.

“We need to create a very easy standard for AGI to use blockchain,” Sun said.

Tron founder Justin Sun shared his optimism about the industry’s future. Source: Cointelegraph

Sun’s fireside chat was followed by three panel discussions covering the quantum computing threat to Bitcoin, the potential impact of the US CLARITY Act on the industry, and the progress of crypto infrastructure toward a trillion-dollar scale.

Despite a volatile crypto market at the end of 2025, industry players expressed optimism about the industry’s future.

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Bitcoiners should ‘discount the value’ until quantum solve

Quantum computing, which some in the Bitcoin community see as a serious potential threat, sparked a debate among panelists.

Capriole Investments founder Charles Edwards said the risk should be priced into Bitcoin until the asset becomes quantum-resistant.

“Today, you kind of have to start to discount the value of Bitcoin based on that risk until it’s solved,” Edwards said. He pointed to growing fears about quantum computing as a primary reason Bitcoin’s price ended the year lower than it started.

Charles Edwards (Capriole Investments), John Lilic (NeverLocal), Matthew Roszak (Hemi), and Akshat Vaidya (Maelstrom) shared their thoughts on quantum computing’s threat to Bitcoin. Source: Cointelegraph

“If you just look at the data, 2025 should have been a great year for Bitcoin,” Edwards said, explaining that quantum became a “non-zero threat” and US-based Bitcoin ETF issuers began adding risk disclaimers for quantum.

Meanwhile, Matthew Roszak, Bloq chairman and Hemi co-founder, wasn’t as worried about how it might play out:

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“To look at this as a movie trailer and what’s ahead for Bitcoin and quantum. Just the preview here. It’s a two-step process. We’re going to upgrade and chill. That’s it. That’s the process.”

Maelstrom managing partner and co-founder Akshat Vaidya admitted that quantum is an “existential threat,” but it will be met with a “coordinated response that’s proportionate.”

US CLARITY Act will be significant for the industry

White House crypto and AI czar David Sacks said in December that the US is “closer than ever” to passing the US CLARITY Act, which aims to provide the industry with clearer regulations.

Although the bill hasn’t passed, industry panelists agreed that the US has become noticeably more friendly toward crypto since President Donald Trump took office.

 Henri Arslanian (Nine Blocks Capital Management) led a panel on the US CLARITY Act, consisting of Craig Salm (Grayscale), Brian Mehler (Stable), Graham Ferguson (Securitize), Sonia Shaw (OneAsset), and Sean McHugh (VARA). Source: Cointelegraph

Sean McHugh, senior director at Dubai’s Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority, who previously worked in TradFi in the US, said one of the main reasons he moved to Dubai was its more crypto-friendly regulatory environment than the US.

“I think one of the reasons why I moved to Dubai is because, you know, they were committed to clarity when I left a year and a half ago,” McHugh said, adding:

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“The US was in a very different place than it is now.”

Grayscale Investments’ chief legal officer, Craig Salm, pointed to past conflicts over crypto between the two US financial regulators during the Joe Biden administration. 

“There used to be this whole turf war between the SEC and the CFTC,” Salm said, adding:

“Your regulator fighting over jurisdiction just isn’t productive for anybody.”

Salm also noted that the environment has changed. Instead of clashing, the SEC and CFTC are meeting together and coordinating to bring much-needed clarity to the asset class.

“Which is exactly what I think we all need,” Salm said.

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Doubts over crypto infrastructure readiness for big flows

When asked whether crypto infrastructure is ready to handle trillion-dollar institutional flows, the panelists expressed some doubts.

“I would say probably not yet,” Offchain Labs chief strategy officer A.J. Warner said.

A.J. Warner (Offchain Labs), Joanita Titan (Monad Foundation), Austin Federa (DoubleZero) and Isroil Shafiev (OneBullEx) explored the infrastructure required for global adoption, institutional-grade use cases, and RWAs. Source: Cointelegraph

Monad Foundation head of institutional growth, Joanita Titan, echoed Warner’s sentiment. “Billion-dollar payments or billion-dollar processing is not a problem, but trillion dollars, I don’t think we’re there yet,” she said.

Warner argued that the largest bottlenecks are “continuing to scale, resiliency of networks, and user experiences.”

Cointelegraph’s exclusive LONGITUDE events will continue in 2026, with editions planned for New York, Paris, Dubai, Singapore and Abu Dhabi.

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