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Crypto World

Robinhood built an RWA chain. Memecoins took it.

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Trump taps Robinhood for new child investment account rollout

Robinhood spent months positioning its blockchain as regulated infrastructure for tokenized stocks. Two weeks after launch, tokenized assets account for about 4% of it, a cat token was worth twelve times the entire real-world asset base, and the CEO was posting that it works great for memes too.

Summary

  • Robinhood Chain launched July 1 as a permissionless Ethereum layer 2 built for tokenized real-world assets, and within two weeks became one of crypto’s busiest new networks with roughly $312 million locked and 3.6 million daily transactions.
  • Tokenized real-world assets, the entire reason the chain exists, account for only about $12.8 million of value and roughly 4% of activity.
  • CASHCAT, a memecoin named after Robinhood’s original working name, reached a market cap near $156 million and at its peak was worth about twelve times every tokenized asset on the chain combined.
  • CEO Vlad Tenev said on July 2 that assets without utility do not last. Six days later he posted that the chain works great for memes too, and followed the token’s account.
  • The cycle has already turned: Noxa, the launchpad driving the boom, earned an estimated $12 million in fees, stopped accepting launches on July 11, and went dark two days later as CASHCAT fell sharply.

On July 1, at a London keynote billed as The World Is Flat, one of America’s largest retail brokerages turned on its own blockchain. Robinhood Chain went live as an Ethereum layer 2 built on Arbitrum’s Orbit stack, carrying 95 tokenized equities priced by Chainlink oracles, a Uniswap deployment for liquidity, Morpho-powered lending, and access wired into a wallet used across more than 120 countries. The pitch was specific and repeated for months: a regulated venue where tokenized real-world assets plug into decentralized finance. For readers new to the launch, crypto.news has also explained the full architecture and Stock Token rules. Two weeks later the chain is a genuine success by every headline metric and a conspicuous failure at the one thing it was built for. The busiest thing on Robinhood’s real-world-asset chain is a cartoon cat.

What the chain actually built

Start with the architecture, because Robinhood did the engineering seriously. Robinhood Chain is a permissionless layer 2 on Arbitrum’s Orbit stack, using ether for gas, running roughly 100-millisecond block times, and settling to Ethereum mainnet from day one. Fees run a fraction of a cent. The flagship product is Stock Tokens, on-chain versions of equities including Nvidia, Apple, and Alphabet that trade around the clock and can move through DeFi as collateral. Day-one partners included Uniswap with a dedicated automated market maker, Chainlink providing oracle pricing across the 95 equities, Morpho for lending, and BitGo for custody.

The strategic logic behind it is coherent and worth taking seriously. Robinhood spent 2025 assembling the pieces: it acquired Bitstamp for trading and institutional infrastructure, WonderFi for Canadian licensing, and ran European tokenized-equity pilots as legal and product rehearsal. A public testnet processed millions of transactions from February. The July launch composed those pieces into a single architecture: assets tokenized on its own network, traded through its own wallet and partner venues, financed through integrated lending, and custodied through its own stack. The composition, more than any single component, is the product. It is a vertically integrated on-chain brokerage built around the use case the chain was built for.

The business case is equally clear once you read the earnings. Robinhood’s crypto transaction revenue fell 47% year over year to $134 million in the first quarter of 2026, and native-app crypto trading volume dropped 48% to $24 billion. The company cut roughly 10% of its workforce, about 290 employees, weeks before the launch, absorbing $28 million in restructuring charges. Total revenue of $1.07 billion and platform assets growing 39% to $307 billion show the wider business is healthy, but the blockchain pivot is explicitly designed to swap volatile transaction revenue for infrastructure and distribution income. Robinhood is not dabbling. It is trying to become the rails.

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What actually showed up

The traffic arrived immediately, and it was spectacular. Within two weeks Robinhood Chain had drawn roughly $312 million in total value locked, nearly 800,000 lifetime active addresses, and processed 3.6 million transactions in a single day, with $838 million of decentralized exchange volume over 24 hours. A Bernstein research note counted $3.1 billion in DEX activity across the first seven days, and the network briefly ranked third in daily DEX volume behind only Solana and BNB Chain. More than 65,000 users held around $320 million in stablecoins on it. By any conventional measure of a chain launch, this was a triumph.

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Then look at the composition, and the picture inverts. According to Dune Analytics data, asset management accounts for about 40.5% of value locked and lending 38.3%, with spot exchanges at 11.9% and perpetual futures at 5.2%. Real-world assets, the flagship use case behind the chain’s existence, sit at roughly 4.1%. In dollar terms, tokenized real-world assets on the chain total about $12.8 million, of which roughly $10.68 million is stocks, with the remainder split across commodities, tokenized ETFs, and a $410,000 allocation to Treasuries. Robinhood built a settlement layer for tokenized equities and attracted less than eleven million dollars of tokenized equities.

What arrived instead was CASHCAT, a cat-themed token named after the working name Tenev and co-founder Baiju Bhatt used before the company became Robinhood. It has no official affiliation with the company. It surged more than 2,100% in a week, hit an all-time high above $0.17, reached a market capitalization around $156 million and briefly higher, and on its peak day generated roughly $98 million of 24-hour volume, about 17% of the chain’s entire daily DEX figure. At its high, one joke token was worth roughly twelve times every tokenized real-world asset on the network combined. It spawned an ecosystem within days: Cash Dog in Hood, Little John, Hoodrat, Arrow, none of which existed before July 1. Noxa, a launchpad on the chain, averaged roughly 18,600 new token launches per day. For context on how launchpads mint tokens on demand, the mechanism matters as much as the mascot. On July 8, Pump.fun added support for Robinhood Chain tokens, letting Solana’s memecoin crowd trade them without bridging.

The bull case: liquidity is liquidity

The optimistic reading is that this is exactly how successful chains begin, and that treating it as failure misunderstands how crypto adoption works. A new blockchain needs transactions and wallets to look alive, and speculative trading delivers both far faster than tokenized Treasuries do. Permissionless networks with cheap fees and easy token creation reliably attract retail speculators before complex financial products find traction. That is why speculative tokens bootstrap new chains. The comparison traders keep making is Solana, which grew through a memecoin cycle of MYRO and SILLY before producing serious infrastructure and billion-dollar tokens, and one veteran trader explicitly framed Robinhood Chain as resembling Solana’s early ecosystem: rapid token-driven growth, engaged leadership, and a wave of new launches.

There is a bootstrapping argument underneath the noise. Liquidity begets liquidity. Market makers deploy where volume exists, DeFi protocols integrate where users are, and the infrastructure built to service speculation, the AMMs, the oracles, the routing, is the same infrastructure tokenized equities will eventually need. A chain with 800,000 addresses and $3.1 billion of weekly DEX volume is a chain that can credibly ask a tokenized-asset issuer to deploy on it. A chain with $12 million of RWAs and no traffic cannot ask anyone anything. Speculation, in this framing, is the ignition sequence rather than the engine.

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Robinhood also has the one asset earlier tokenization projects lacked, which is distribution. This is not a startup trying to persuade strangers to try blockchain equities. It is a brokerage with nearly 28 million customers across 38 countries adding tokenized products to a platform people already use. And the company has profited from joke-driven investing before without apparent damage: it sat at the center of the GameStop episode in 2021, and in the second quarter of that year 62% of its crypto revenue came from Dogecoin. Robinhood has always monetized retail enthusiasm and then sold those users more products. Memecoins on its chain may simply be the top of a familiar funnel.

The bear case: the wrong audience, permanently

The skeptical reading is that this is the oldest failure mode in crypto infrastructure, which is building for one audience and attracting another that never converts. Memecoin traders are mercenary by construction. They run to wherever activity is and are loyal to no chain, which means Robinhood Chain’s current users may have no overlap whatsoever with the investors it hopes to attract. The moment a flashier chain offers quicker profits, the volume leaves, and what remains is the $12.8 million of tokenized assets that was there all along. Traffic that departs on a whim never becomes a user base.

The proof arrived faster than anyone expected. Noxa, the launchpad feeding the entire boom, generated an estimated $12 million in cumulative fees, then abruptly stopped accepting new token launches on July 11, at the precise moment CASHCAT was hitting peak trading volume, and went dark two days later, citing concerns about low-quality tokens flooding the platform. Its business model shows how launchpads like Noxa earn from launches. CASHCAT fell more than 33% in 24 hours. One prominent trader who claims to have ridden the token from a $10,000 market cap to $230 million dismissed the selloff as noise. The infrastructure that produced the traffic exited within eleven days of the chain going live, which is not the profile of a bootstrapping sequence. It is the profile of an extraction cycle.

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The distributional facts are worse than the price action. An early buyer spent $838 on 15.04 million CASHCAT tokens, sold about 13.5 million for roughly $917,600, and held a remainder worth about $133,700, a return in the region of 1,250 times. A second wallet turned $85 into 17.4 million tokens and realized about $687,700 while sitting on roughly $1.2 million more on paper. The five most profitable wallets banked close to $3.7 million between them. Every dollar of that came from the other side of roughly 12,300 sell orders, which is to say from people who bought later and worse. And the headline metrics deserve an asterisk: a 90-day gas fee subsidy is inflating transaction counts, which makes direct comparisons with chains like Base unreliable.

The Tenev problem

Sitting on top of all this is a contradiction the company has not resolved, and it belongs to the chief executive personally. On July 2, the day after the chain went live, Tenev told CNBC that assets without utility do not serve a lasting purpose and that tokenized real-world assets were the durable direction for crypto. It was a clean statement of the thesis the entire chain was built to prove. Six days later, as CASHCAT climbed, he posted on X that while the company is building Robinhood Chain to be the best chain for real-world assets, it works great for memes too. He then followed the token’s account.

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The charitable reading is that he was simply describing reality with good humor, and that a CEO refusing to acknowledge the most visible thing happening on his own network would look ridiculous. Robinhood’s crypto chief, Johann Kerbrat, stayed rigorously on message when asked, saying the company remains focused on building a secure and scalable foundation for real-world assets. Companies contain multitudes, and a permissionless chain by definition cannot control what deploys on it. Robinhood did not create CASHCAT and has no affiliation with it.

The uncharitable reading is that the endorsement, however light, told the market what Robinhood actually values, which is volume. There is a real cost to that. The entire regulatory proposition of Robinhood Chain is that it is a compliant venue where a licensed brokerage extends institutional standards into DeFi. That proposition is what would eventually persuade issuers and institutions to tokenize serious assets there. A CEO cheerleading a memecoin one week after dismissing memecoins does not obviously advance that case, particularly while Stock Tokens are structured as tokenized debt securities that grant no shareholder rights and remain unavailable to Americans. The company is asking regulators and institutions to take it seriously as financial infrastructure while its most famous product is a cat.

The corporate chain question

Robinhood Chain did not arrive in isolation, and the pattern it belongs to is arguably more consequential than anything happening on the chain itself. Coinbase has Base. Stripe has Tempo. Robinhood now has its own layer 2. A category of corporate-backed networks is forming in which crypto and payments companies build their own rails instead of relying on neutral public infrastructure, and each one shifts attention, liquidity, and value away from the developer-led ecosystems that defined the industry’s first decade.

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The appeal to the company is obvious. Owning the settlement layer means owning the economics: transaction fees, sequencer revenue, and the ability to route order flow through infrastructure you control instead of renting someone else’s. It also means control over compliance, which for a licensed brokerage is not a nice-to-have. Robinhood’s competitive advantage over crypto-native rivals is its brokerage licenses and regulatory relationships, and a chain it operates is a chain where it can attempt to extend those standards into DeFi. The challenge is that those licenses govern its traditional operations, while the chain is an experiment in whether a regulated institution can impose compliance on an inherently borderless, permissionless environment. CASHCAT is the first evidence on that question, and the answer so far is that it cannot.

The value-capture math is where this gets genuinely uncomfortable for the wider ecosystem. Robinhood Chain runs on Arbitrum’s stack and settles to Ethereum, and one analysis circulating in mid-July calculated that of roughly $816,000 in revenue the chain had grossed since inception, Arbitrum took about 10% as the middleware provider, and Arbitrum in turn paid Ethereum a settlement bill measured in four figures. Ethereum provides the security that makes the whole arrangement credible and captures almost none of the economics. That is the layer-2 value drain in a single line item, and it is the same dynamic that has collapsed Ethereum’s fee burn and pushed its net issuance mildly inflationary since activity migrated off the base layer.

So the strategic picture is stranger than the memecoin story alone suggests. A brokerage under real revenue pressure built a chain to capture infrastructure economics, chose Arbitrum’s stack to do it, and inherited Ethereum’s security nearly for free. The chain then filled with speculation the brokerage says it did not want but has not discouraged. Meanwhile the neutral chains that made this architecture possible collect a rounding error. Whether or not tokenized equities ever show up on Robinhood Chain, the launch is already a useful data point about who captures value in a world of corporate rails, and the answer is not the people who built the roads.

The verdict, for now

The fair conclusion is that both stories are still live, and the next few months settle it. The test Robinhood set for itself is measurable and specific: if tokenized real-world assets grow well beyond roughly $13 million while memecoin activity fades, the strategy is working and the speculation was just ignition. If real-world assets stay flat while the speculation moves on to the next chain offering quicker profits, then Robinhood Chain becomes another entry in crypto’s long catalogue of infrastructure that attracted a wave of speculation and never became the thing it was built to support.

The first real evidence arrives with Robinhood’s second-quarter earnings on July 29, which should give the first genuine look at Stock Token adoption rather than chain-level vanity metrics. Watch the RWA number specifically, not TVL, not transactions, and not DEX volume, all of which are currently measuring something other than the product. Watch whether liquidity depth on the chain’s AMMs persists after the gas subsidy expires. And watch whether any tokenized-asset issuer of consequence chooses to deploy there, because that is the decision the entire architecture was designed to win.

What makes this genuinely interesting is that Robinhood may be right about tokenization and still lose this particular bet. The thesis that equities eventually settle on-chain, trade around the clock, and function as collateral is a serious one held by serious institutions, and the DTCC is moving tokenized securities into live trading while ICE and OKX form joint ventures aimed at the same market. Robinhood is the only brokerage in that group that also built the settlement layer, which is either visionary or premature. The company spent months and a great deal of engineering building a venue for the future of finance. What showed up first was a cat with a fistful of cash, and a chief executive who spent the previous week explaining why that was exactly the thing crypto needed to outgrow.

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Frequently asked questions

What is Robinhood Chain?

It is a permissionless Ethereum layer 2 blockchain launched by Robinhood on July 1, 2026, built on Arbitrum’s Orbit stack. It uses ether for gas, runs roughly 100-millisecond block times, and settles to Ethereum mainnet. It was designed for tokenized real-world assets, with Stock Tokens as the flagship product, alongside DeFi applications including lending, trading, and perpetual futures.

Why are memecoins dominating it?

Because it is permissionless, meaning anyone can deploy a token without approval, and because cheap fees plus easy token creation reliably attract speculative traders faster than institutional products. CASHCAT, named after Robinhood’s original working name, surged more than 2,100% in a week to a market cap near $156 million, and spawned a wave of Robinhood-themed tokens that did not exist before July 1.

How much in real-world assets is actually on the chain?

Roughly $12.8 million, according to Dune Analytics data, of which about $10.68 million is tokenized stocks and the remainder is commodities, tokenized ETFs, and about $410,000 in Treasuries. That is approximately 4.1% of activity on the network. At its peak, the CASHCAT memecoin alone was worth around twelve times the entire real-world asset base.

What did Vlad Tenev say about memecoins?

On July 2 he told CNBC that assets without utility do not serve a lasting purpose and that tokenized real-world assets were the durable direction for crypto. On July 8, as CASHCAT climbed, he posted on X that while the company is building the chain to be best for real-world assets, it works great for memes too, and he followed the token’s account.

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What happened to the Noxa launchpad?

Noxa was the largest token launchpad on Robinhood Chain, averaging roughly 18,600 new token launches per day. It generated an estimated $12 million in cumulative fees, then stopped accepting new token launches on July 11 as CASHCAT hit peak volume, and went dark two days later, citing concerns about low-quality tokens flooding the platform. CASHCAT fell more than 33% in 24 hours.

Are Robinhood Stock Tokens the same as owning shares?

No. They are structured as tokenized debt securities, not equity. They track the economic performance of the underlying stock, meaning price movements, but confer no voting rights, no shareholder rights, and no direct legal ownership claim on the shares. They are available in more than 120 countries but not to US persons, and jurisdictional restrictions vary.

Why did Robinhood build a blockchain at all?

Business pressure and strategic positioning. Crypto transaction revenue fell 47% year over year to $134 million in the first quarter of 2026 and native-app crypto volume dropped 48%, so the pivot aims to replace volatile transaction revenue with infrastructure income. Robinhood is also the only brokerage building its own settlement layer while rivals including ICE, OKX, and Binance target tokenized equities.

How will we know if the strategy is working?

Watch the real-world asset figure rather than total value locked, transactions, or DEX volume, which currently measure speculation. If tokenized assets grow well beyond roughly $13 million while memecoin activity fades, the traffic converted. Robinhood’s second-quarter earnings on July 29 should offer the first real look at Stock Token adoption. A 90-day gas subsidy is also inflating transaction counts.

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Disclaimer: This article is for information and educational purposes only and does not constitute financial or investment advice. It analyzes a company strategy and on-chain activity, not the merits of any asset. Memecoins are highly speculative, trade on thin liquidity, and most participants lose money. Nothing here is a recommendation to buy any token or use any platform. Always do your own research. Figures are accurate as of July 16, 2026, and move daily.

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Trump Media Launches Paid Feed for Market-Moving Trump Posts

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Trump Media Launches Paid Feed for Market-Moving Trump Posts

Trump Media, the company that operates the Truth Social network, said Thursday it was launching a new paid-for API that gives Wall Street firms “the fastest” access to posts from the most influential Truth Social accounts, including US President Donald Trump.

The API is targeted to be available to institutional customers from Aug. 1, 2026, and is aimed at high-frequency and algorithmic trading firms that require a low-latency, machine-readable feed, said the company on Thursday. 

“Markets already move on Truth Social posts,” said Kevin McGurn, interim CEO of TMTG in a statement. “Truth API delivers a direct, licensed, real-time feed of the platform’s most market-moving Truths while advancing our strategy to monetize proprietary assets through a high-margin, recurring revenue stream.”

Posts from Trump’s Truth Social account have moved markets, with the most recent examples being his posts relating to the ongoing conflict between Iran and the US. Other major accounts on Truth Social include Donald Trump Jr, Eric Trump and FBI Director Kash Patel. 

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“Companies have previously tried to scrape data from Truth Social, which is in violation of its terms of service,” McGurn said, according to CNN. 

“We’re going to create a lot of friction for those folks that aren’t coming to us directly,” he added.

Cointelegraph is committed to independent, transparent journalism. This news article is produced in accordance with Cointelegraph’s Editorial Policy and aims to provide accurate and timely information. Readers are encouraged to verify information independently.

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Alphabet Stock Slips on Gemini Delay and EU Order Despite Buffett Bet

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Alphabet stock rose on Buffet's endorsement, but then fell back as a wave of bad news hit.

Alphabet stock fell over 4% after the European Union ordered Google to open Search and Android data to rivals. The order adds to concerns over a delayed Gemini 3.5 Pro launch.

The pullback erased most of a rally sparked days earlier by Warren Buffett’s public endorsement of the stock. Shares changed hands near $353 on Thursday, down from above push toward $370 days earlier, per TradingView data.

Gemini Delay Meets a Costly AI Buildout

Alphabet is reportedly facing delays in launching Gemini 3.5 Pro, its next flagship AI model. CEO Sundar Pichai had signaled a June release. Engineers are said to still be working on coding performance and now, some researchers reportedly worry rival models now outperform Gemini on enterprise benchmarks.

Alphabet stock rose on Buffet's endorsement, but then fell back as a wave of bad news hit.
Alphabet stock rose on Buffet’s endorsement, but then fell back as a wave of bad news hit. Image Source: Trading View

The delay lands as Alphabet guides to $180 billion to $190 billion in capital spending this year alone. That buildout already forced the company into reversing its buyback strategy. It also drove an $80 billion equity raise that Berkshire helped anchor.

Wall Street expects Alphabet to post second-quarter earnings per share near $2.86, up nearly 24% year over year when it announces on July 22. Google Cloud grew 63% last quarter to nearly $20 billion. That figure is what investors will watch most closely for evidence AI spending is converting into revenue, after Alphabet’s stronger earnings reaction than rivals last quarter.

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Regulators Add to the Pressure

The European Commission ordered Google on Thursday, July 16 to open 11 Android features to rival AI assistants. It also ordered Google to share anonymized Search data with competitors, including OpenAI, under the Digital Markets Act. The Android changes take effect with the next major Android version in July 2027. Search data sharing begins in January 2027.

Google objected to the order in a statement.

“Europeans’ private searches would be exposed to unfamiliar companies, without adequate anonymization of the data and without user knowledge or consent. This would weaken citizens’ privacy, risk business trade secrets, and endanger national security,” he said in a statement.

Separately, The EU could issue Google a fine next week in a related Digital Markets Act investigation. That would mark a second, distinct regulatory action within days. US antitrust litigation over Google’s search dominance is also drawing fresh institutional attention.

Buffett’s Vote of Confidence

Against this backdrop, Buffett’s endorsement stands out. Speaking with CNBC’s Becky Quick, the Berkshire Hathaway chairman confirmed he built the position. Successor Greg Abel did not initiate the trade, he said.

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Berkshire’s stake now tops $31 billion, ranking behind only Apple and American Express among its holdings. Buffett tempered the praise, though. He said Alphabet is not among his four or five favorite Berkshire-owned businesses.

He also flagged the same capital intensity worrying the broader market. Buffett called the AI spending race “real money.” His comments in his CNBC interview echoed the same caution about chasing near-term results over real returns.

The post Alphabet Stock Slips on Gemini Delay and EU Order Despite Buffett Bet appeared first on BeInCrypto.

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Trump’s Truth Social Posts Will Hit Wall Street First, Giving a Financial Edge

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Trump’s Truth Social Posts Will Hit Wall Street First, Giving a Financial Edge

Trump Media & Technology Group has launched a paid data feed called Truth API. It gives banks and trading firms faster access to Donald Trump’s market-moving Truth Social posts.

The service goes live August 1 and already has signed customers, the company said.

Why Speed On Trump’s Posts Matters

Trump’s Truth Social posts have repeatedly jolted global markets. Recent examples include his “Liberation Day” tariff announcements and trade threats against China.

On April 9, 2025, Trump said he would pause many new tariffs for 90 days. US stocks turned sharply higher within minutes of the post.

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Truth API will cover the 10 most influential Truth Social accounts and archive posts back to 2022. The platform’s most-followed users include Trump himself, his sons Donald Trump Jr. and Eric Trump, and allies like Dan Bongino and Sean Hannity.

TMTG’s interim CEO, Kevin McGurn, said the feed targets firms with the most to lose from delayed information.

“We’re going to create a lot of friction for those folks that aren’t coming to us directly.”
— Kevin McGurn, Reuters

Conflict Of Interest Questions

The Donald J. Trump Revocable Trust holds roughly 41% of TMTG stock. Trump’s children oversee that trust, which manages his investments. The presidents close ties to the company, and his immense influence, puts him in a position of power to move markets with his social account.

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Senator Ron Wyden, the top Democrat on the Senate Finance Committee, criticized the launch. He has also previously criticized the ‘Trump Family Greed‘ in relation to crypto profit disclosures. Wyden said of the new API that it would enrich the Trump family and “make Wall Street traders rich.”

Despite the criticism, and the apprent conflict of interest, Dynamis law firm partner Robert Frenchman said tiering access does not break federal securities law. However, he noted the practice still creates uneven odds for smaller traders.

“It certainly does not seem fair, ​but yes, a tech platform can tier its ​distribution of information without violating federal ⁠securities laws,” Frenchman said.

TMTG has accused unnamed firms of scraping Truth Social data for months. It calls that a breach of its terms of service. The company has previously batted down other Truth Social monetization rumors, including talk of a meme coin.

The launch adds to a pattern of Trump-linked market moves drawing scrutiny over who profits from information timing. Regulators have not said whether tiered access to a president’s posts raises new disclosure concerns.

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The post Trump’s Truth Social Posts Will Hit Wall Street First, Giving a Financial Edge appeared first on BeInCrypto.

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Balaji Targets Malaysia Partnership, Warns Exit After Network School Probe

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Crypto Breaking News

Network School founder Balaji Srinivasan says he is seeking a memorandum of understanding with Malaysia after Malaysian authorities probed his Forest City tech community over allegations that it may have hosted Israeli citizens using second passports. Malaysia’s Home Affairs Ministry said it is investigating the start-up community in Johor following claims that Israelis were present in violation of immigration rules.

The situation underscores a challenge for crypto-adjacent “digital utopia” projects: even when communities aim to build their own institutions and economies, they still rely on conventional nation-states for legal certainty. Srinivasan has linked the next phase of his Malaysia expansion plans to getting that assurance.

Key takeaways

  • Malaysia’s Home Affairs Ministry is investigating Network School in Johor after allegations of Israeli nationals using second passports.
  • Authorities’ initial checks reportedly found that 266 foreign residents held valid documents.
  • Srinivasan is asking Malaysia for written assurances—possibly a memorandum of understanding or changes tied to a special economic zone.
  • He says further investment in Malaysia, including a $122 million expansion plan, is on hold pending “sufficient assurance” that issues won’t repeat.

Malaysia investigation follows immigration-related claims

Malaysia’s Home Affairs Ministry said Tuesday that it is investigating Network School’s operations in Johor after claims surfaced alleging that the community included Israelis who may have breached immigration laws. In an early review, the ministry said it found no immediate documentary irregularities—reportedly confirming that 266 foreigners under the initiative had valid documents.

According to the ministry’s statement, the probe is tied to specific allegations rather than a blanket rejection of the project. Still, the inquiry puts Network School’s continued ability to attract and house foreign participants under closer scrutiny.

Srinivasan pushes for written legal certainty

Srinivasan said the reason for pursuing an agreement with Malaysia is to provide Network School with “legal certainty” that would allow it to continue investing and operating in the country. Without such a document, he suggested, the community could redirect its capital elsewhere.

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In a video addressed to Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim, Srinivasan said he wants more than general statements welcoming tech; he wants personal, written confirmation that Network School will be considered welcome. He also indicated he is open to different legal mechanisms, including a memorandum of understanding or modifications tied to a special economic zone provision.

While Srinivasan did not lay out specific terms publicly, his messaging focused on predictability: investors and community operators need clarity about the legal status of participants, not just broad political signals.

He also said he is pausing any further investment in Malaysia, including a planned $122 million expansion, until he receives “sufficient assurance” that the immigration issues raised during this episode do not recur.

How the allegations surfaced

Claims that Network School was harboring Israeli citizens were traced back to an Instagram post from “Malaysian Protest 4 Palestine,” an activist group that accused the school of becoming a “gathering place for Israeli entrepreneurs.” In its course of action, the post helped spur immigration scrutiny that then moved to the Malaysian Home Affairs Ministry.

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Malaysian policy on entry for Israeli passport holders is central to the dispute. The article notes that Israeli passport holders are forbidden from entering Malaysia, a Muslim-majority country, without written permission from the Malaysian Ministry of Home Affairs—reflecting Malaysia’s lack of diplomatic relations with Israel and its stated position of not recognizing Israel.

Importantly, while the investigation is ongoing, the ministry’s initial checks reportedly did not find immediate evidence—at least at the documentation level—that foreign residents lacked valid paperwork. That creates a key uncertainty going forward: authorities may still need to determine whether the allegations relate to residency status, identity verification, the use of alternate travel documents, or other aspects not covered by “valid documents” alone.

Why this matters for crypto-linked community models

Beyond the specifics of one tech community, the episode reflects a recurring tension for crypto-leaning projects that describe themselves as building new social and economic systems. Such initiatives often emphasize borderless or community-driven norms, but they still require host governments to provide stable, enforceable rules—especially when the project involves foreign nationals and long-term operations.

For investors and participants, the difference between informal tolerance and formal assurance can determine where capital goes next. Srinivasan’s decision to pause a large expansion plan suggests Network School is treating immigration uncertainty as a material risk to its business continuity, not a temporary public-relations issue.

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If Malaysia provides the kind of written clarity Srinivasan is requesting, the project could regain confidence for future fundraising and staffing. If not, the story hints at a broader pattern: even when “build-first” communities develop successfully, compliance and policy certainty may become the bottleneck.

Readers should watch for what Malaysia’s Home Affairs Ministry concludes in the investigation, and whether any formal agreement—such as a memorandum of understanding or changes tied to existing special economic zone rules—emerges that addresses the specific compliance concerns raised in this case.

Risk & affiliate notice: Crypto assets are volatile and capital is at risk. This article may contain affiliate links. Read full disclosure

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Balaji Seeks Malaysia Deal After Network School Probe

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Balaji Seeks Malaysia Deal After Network School Probe

Network School founder Balaji Srinivasan is seeking a memorandum of understanding with Malaysia after authorities probed his Forest City tech community over allegations it was hosting Israeli citizens using second passports. 

Malaysia’s Home Affairs Ministry said Tuesday it was investigating Srinivasan’s start-up community in Johor following claims it included Israelis in violation of immigration laws. Initial checks found all 266 foreigners held valid documents. 

Srinivasan said the agreement would give Network School legal certainty to continue investing in Malaysia. Without it, he said, the community could take its capital to countries that are more welcoming. 

“I’d like to have a document which says not just abstractly that tech is welcome … but rather that we’re personally welcome,” Srinivasan said in a video directed at Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim on Thursday. 

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The episode highlights a tension faced by many crypto utopias, which aspire to build digital-native communities with their own institutions and economies, but still depend on conventional states for legal certainty. 

Balaji, the former chief technology officer of Coinbase, launched his Network School in August 2024 in Johor’s Forest City, which is located about an hour from Singapore. It is marketed as a physical community of tech builders, creators and founders. 

Srinivasan did not give the specifics of what a deal with Malaysia could include, but suggested it could be a memorandum of understanding or a modification of a special economic zone provision. 

Related: Balaji calls for more ‘crypto tools’ for refugees amid Middle East tensions

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“If not, then we will readily go somewhere else because I don’t want to be where we’re not welcome,” he said.  

Srinivasan also announced that he is putting any further investment in Malaysia, including a $122 million plan to expand its community, on hold until it gets “sufficient assurance” that such issues don’t recur. 

Instagram post led to immigration probe

Claims that the Network School was harboring Israeli citizens have been traced back to a social media post on Friday from activist group “Malaysian Protest 4 Palestine,” which accused the school of becoming a “gathering place for Israeli entrepreneurs.” 

Israeli passport holders are forbidden from entering Malaysia, a Muslim-majority country, without written permission from the Malaysian Ministry of Home Affairs, as Malaysia does not recognize Israel and does not have any diplomatic relations with the country. 

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Magazine: Gambling on random Pokémon cards: Onchain gagcha hits record high as crypto sinks

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South Korea rate hike puts fresh pressure on crypto risk appetite

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South Korea’s DAXA targets crypto API keys after 30% warning

South Korea has raised interest rates for the first time since January 2023, shifting monetary policy toward tighter conditions in one of the world’s most active retail crypto markets.

Summary

  • South Korea raised rates to 2.75%, marking its first monetary policy increase since January 2023.
  • Tighter borrowing conditions could cool speculative crypto demand as local trading activity has already weakened.
  • Strong growth, persistent inflation and won weakness may keep additional Bank of Korea hikes possible.

The Bank of Korea raised its benchmark rate by 25 basis points from 2.50% to 2.75% on July 16. All seven members of the Monetary Policy Board supported the decision. The central bank also said further increases may be needed depending on inflation, growth and financial stability conditions.

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Bank of Korea shifts toward tighter monetary policy

The rate increase was widely expected. A Reuters poll found that 36 of 37 economists expected the central bank to raise its policy rate to 2.75%.

The Bank of Korea cited stronger exports and investment, persistent inflation and risks to financial stability. June consumer inflation reached 3.2%, while the central bank expects economic growth to exceed its previous 2.6% forecast by a wide margin.

Governor Hyun Song Shin said developments in growth, inflation and financial stability all supported a rate increase. The bank also said monetary policy may need to remain on a tightening path, with future decisions depending on economic data.

Higher interest rates generally raise borrowing costs and can reduce demand for speculative assets. For crypto markets, the direct effect may depend on whether tighter local financial conditions reduce the amount of won available for trading.

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South Korea remains a major retail crypto market

South Korea continues to play an important role in global cryptocurrency trading. Local exchanges such as Upbit and Bithumb regularly generate large volumes in won-denominated markets, especially for altcoins.

As previously reported by crypto.news, XRP briefly became the most traded asset on Upbit in May, recording about $110.9 million in daily volume compared with $88.6 million for Bitcoin and $67 million for Ethereum. That trading pattern showed the continued influence of Korean retail traders on individual crypto markets.

Recent listings also show that crypto exchanges continue to target Korean traders. As reported by crypto.news, Upbit added Derive’s DRV token to its KRW, BTC and USDT markets on July 14, while Bithumb also introduced a won trading pair.

Crypto demand had already weakened before the rate hike

The rate increase comes after local crypto activity had already fallen from earlier peaks. However, cryptocurrency holdings among South Korean investors dropped from about $83.3 billion in January 2025 to $41.4 billion by February 2026.

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Daily trading volume across five major domestic exchanges also declined from about $11.6 billion in December 2024 to roughly $3 billion in February. Won deposits held at exchanges fell from 10.7 trillion won to 7.8 trillion won, pointing to weaker cash demand for crypto trading.

Higher rates could add another restraint on speculative activity if households choose deposits, bonds or other yield-bearing assets over cryptocurrencies. However, crypto prices also depend heavily on global monetary policy, institutional flows and broader market conditions.

Further rate hikes could keep liquidity under pressure

The Bank of Korea has left the door open to additional tightening. Reuters reported that many economists expect at least one more increase this year, potentially taking the benchmark rate to 3.00%.

For South Korea’s crypto market, the policy shift comes as local retail participation has already cooled from previous highs. Further increases could keep domestic liquidity tighter, while stronger global institutional demand may become more important in supporting broader crypto risk appetite.

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Cantor, Securitize bring IPOs onchain in Wall Street tokenization push

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Tokenized U.S. Treasuries keep RWA lead as tokenized equities accelerate

Cantor and Securitize have formed a partnership to bring blockchain infrastructure directly into initial public offerings and follow-on stock sales, creating a pathway for companies to raise capital and issue securities onchain.

Summary

  • Cantor and Securitize will combine capital markets expertise with regulated infrastructure for blockchain-based public offerings.
  • The partnership targets IPOs and follow-on offerings while keeping issuers within existing capital market frameworks.
  • Securitize previously tokenized its own NYSE shares, providing an early model for issuer-sponsored digital securities.

Under the agreement announced on July 15, Cantor will provide its equity capital markets and trading capabilities. Securitize will handle the infrastructure used to issue, distribute and service the tokenized securities. Its SEC-registered broker-dealer affiliate, Securitize Markets, will also participate in the offering and settlement process.

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Partnership takes tokenization into primary markets

The collaboration differs from many existing tokenized stock products because it brings blockchain technology into the original issuance process. Companies could conduct IPOs or later share offerings using onchain infrastructure while remaining within the established framework for regulated public offerings.

The companies said the approach could modernize ownership records, distribution and settlement. Carlos Domingo, co-founder and CEO of Securitize, said “public companies shouldn’t have to choose” between traditional capital markets and blockchain infrastructure. The partnership does not yet name a company planning to use the new model or provide a date for its first offering.

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Securitize builds on its own tokenized public shares

The agreement follows Securitize’s own move into public markets. The company listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the SECZ ticker on July 2 and simultaneously issued tokenized versions of its common shares on Solana and Avalanche.

Those blockchain-based shares represent the same SECZ common stock rather than a separate share class or synthetic product. Securitize had entered public markets through a business combination with Cantor Equity Partners II, a deal expected to deliver about $400 million in gross proceeds before expenses.

Wall Street expands its tokenization efforts

The Cantor partnership arrives as large financial institutions move more traditional securities onto blockchain networks. As reported by crypto.news, DTCC recently launched a tokenization initiative involving BlackRock, JPMorgan, Goldman Sachs, Vanguard and other major financial firms.

The New York Stock Exchange has also taken steps toward blockchain-based securities. As previously reported, the exchange proposed allowing eligible tokenized shares to trade alongside traditional securities while retaining the same rights, ticker and other ownership features. Securitize has separately worked with the NYSE on its planned tokenized securities platform.

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Issuer-sponsored model keeps the actual security onchain

The Cantor-Securitize model centers on issuer-sponsored tokenization. Under the structure described by the companies, the blockchain token would represent the actual security rather than a wrapper, special-purpose vehicle or synthetic exposure linked to a stock.

Cantor Co-CEO and Global Head of Equities Pascal Bandelier said “tokenization is becoming part of mainstream capital markets.” The partnership now aims to apply that technology directly to capital raising rather than limiting it to funds or secondary-market trading.

Securitize has already expanded across institutional tokenization, including work with major asset managers and more than 650 funds, according to earlier crypto.news coverage. The new Cantor partnership extends that strategy into IPOs and follow-on offerings, although the companies have not yet announced the first issuer that will use the platform.

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Bitcoin Liquidity Clusters Guide BTC Direction as Futures Inflow Grows

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Crypto Breaking News

Bitcoin’s near-term direction appears increasingly tied to where leverage is concentrated in the futures market, according to liquidation heatmap readings. As BTC tests the area around the low-$60,000s—holding above $64,000 at the time of writing—price action is gravitating toward liquidity “magnets” where traders have the most to lose if the market moves.

Hyblock’s liquidation heatmap points to a key cluster of short positions between $65,500 and $66,000, positioned about 3% away from current pricing. If BTC pushes through roughly $65,600, that pocket of liquidity could be triggered, potentially helping fuel a move toward the next notable ceiling around $67,000.

Key takeaways

  • A dense short-position cluster sits between $65,500 and $66,000, roughly 3% above current price, making $65,600 a potential inflection point.
  • Support is layered below with a notable long-side liquidity band around $63,500 to $63,750, about 1% under current pricing.
  • Deeper liquidity pools are visible at $63,000 to $63,250 and $62,500 to $62,750, which may matter if the market slips lower.
  • Across the tracked window, long-side liquidity outweighs short-side liquidity by nearly 2-to-1, hinting that leverage built over the past month may not be fully unwound.
  • A bearish outlier liquidation band near $55,000 stands out, suggesting that a breakdown—especially below $62,500 to $63,750—could accelerate downside.

Where liquidation clusters could pull price

Liquidation heatmaps illustrate how concentrated leverage is at specific price levels. When markets move toward those levels, forced position closings can compound the move, creating short-term momentum in either direction.

In this case, the most prominent overhead liquidity comes from shorts stacked between $65,500 and $66,000. This area sits close enough to current trading to plausibly act as a near-term target if BTC continues to grind higher. Hyblock’s data suggests that a push beyond $65,600 could put the cluster “in play,” increasing the odds of a faster run toward $67,000.

On the downside, Hyblock shows multiple long-side support zones. The closest concentration lies between $63,500 and $63,750, roughly 1% below current pricing. Additional liquidity pockets appear at $63,000 to $63,250 (about 1.5% lower) and $62,500 to $62,750 (about 2.3% lower). Together, these levels form a tiered map of where liquidations could either cushion dips—or, if breached, remove support quickly.

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Importantly, the balance of liquidity is not symmetrical. Hyblock’s tracked window shows long-side liquidity outweighing short-side liquidity by nearly two to one. While that does not guarantee upside, it implies that—based on where leverage appears to sit—the market may be more prone to short-term upward pressure if BTC reaches the upper liquidity shelves first.

Rangebound trade structure backed by open interest and funding

The liquidation picture is only part of the story. The article notes that recent price behavior has leaned toward a $60,000 to $67,000 range, and that derivatives positioning metrics broadly align with a market that is not fully trending.

Two signals in particular are cited: aggregate open interest (OI) and the funding rate. Open interest had been elevated earlier, but it has since eased. Specifically, the data referenced shows OI has come down by more than 3% from a Tuesday peak, yet BTC’s price has barely moved in the same span.

At the same time, funding is described as having cooled toward neutral. Funding neutrality often corresponds with reduced directional conviction in perpetual markets; it can also mean traders are less aggressively paying for long or short exposure at that moment, even if liquidation levels remain influential.

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The piece further states that spot and futures flows have been skewed toward the buy side over the past week, with spot activity and cumulative volume flows—also sourced from Hyblock—supporting the idea that dip-buying has not fully disappeared.

The $55,000 liquidation band: a risk scenario to monitor

Beyond the near-term clusters around $65,500–$66,000 and the layered support below $63,500, Hyblock’s month-long liquidation heatmap highlights a much larger bearish outlier.

A wide liquidation band near $55,000 is described as standing out more than almost anything else on the chart when using a full month lookback. The logic is straightforward: if price action weakens enough to break through key supports—particularly the $62,500 to $63,750 zone—then the market could become exposed to lower-price leverage unwinds that have been building over longer horizons.

In other words, while the most “actionable” levels may currently be close to the prevailing price, the existence of a substantial liquidity magnet farther down adds asymmetry to the downside risk. It suggests that a deeper move would not just be a continuation of the existing range—it would likely involve a regime shift where forced selling dynamics become more pronounced.

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What traders should watch next

For the next decision point, focus on whether BTC can move cleanly toward $65,600 and test the short-heavy shelf between $65,500 and $66,000; doing so would be consistent with the liquidation-driven upside path toward $67,000. If instead BTC loses the nearest support bands around $63,500–$63,750 and then $62,500–$63,750, the heatmap implies that downside could accelerate toward deeper liquidity pockets, including the prominent band near $55,000.

Risk & affiliate notice: Crypto assets are volatile and capital is at risk. This article may contain affiliate links. Read full disclosure

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Trump’s CLARITY Act push is now about beating China

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CLARITY Act ethics fight blocks 60 Senate votes

With three weeks left on the Senate calendar, the President stopped selling crypto’s biggest bill on its merits and started selling it as a race against Beijing. The pitch is a tell, and it reveals exactly which argument Washington has already lost.

Summary

  • On July 13, Trump urged the Senate to pass the CLARITY Act and framed it as a contest with China over both crypto and artificial intelligence, warning that Beijing wants total control of the sector.
  • The framing arrived at a moment of maximum weakness for the bill: no floor vote scheduled, roughly three weeks of Senate calendar left, and prediction markets pricing 2026 passage far below where it sat earlier in the year.
  • The bull case is that regulatory certainty is a genuine competitiveness asset, and that the CFTC chairman, a 200-company coalition, and the White House all agree the cost of delay is measured in offshore migration.
  • The bear case is that the China frame is a lobbying device aimed at Democrats who are blocking the bill over ethics, not over geopolitics, and that Beijing is not competing for the market CLARITY would regulate.
  • The frame cannot route around the actual obstacle: the merged draft released July 14 omits any ethics provision, and three Democratic senators immediately declared their opposition.

For most of its life, the Digital Asset Market Clarity Act has been sold on plumbing. It would decide which American regulator supervises which digital asset, split jurisdiction between the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission, and replace a decade of enforcement-by-lawsuit with written rules. That is a technocratic argument, and it is the argument that carried the bill through the House and out of the Senate Banking Committee. For readers new to the market-structure fight, crypto.news has also explained how the bill splits SEC and CFTC jurisdiction. On July 13, with the bill stalled and the calendar closing, the President changed the pitch. In a Truth Social post, Trump said the Senate should pass the CLARITY Act, warned that China and other countries would like to take complete and total control of this major financial moment as well as artificial intelligence, and closed by telling lawmakers not to let China win on either front. The plumbing argument had not worked. The new one is about national power, and the switch itself is the most informative thing that has happened to this bill in weeks.

The post that reframed the bill

The specifics of the moment matter, because the timing was not accidental. Trump opened the post by invoking Senator Lindsey Graham, the South Carolina Republican who died on July 11 at 71 following a sudden illness, and who advocacy groups had counted as a reliable supporter of the industry, including his vote for the stablecoin law CLARITY builds on in 2025. Framing passage as a tribute to a dead colleague is a legislative pressure tactic as old as Congress. Attaching it to a warning about Beijing is newer, and it tells you which audience the White House thinks it still has to move.

The administration amplified the message in unison. Patrick Witt, the White House digital-assets adviser, called the days ahead a critical week and pointed to the one-year anniversary of the GENIUS Act on July 18 as proof of what coordinated action can produce. Federal regulators joined in: CFTC Chairman Mike Selig urged lawmakers to write clear statutory standards, arguing that continued reliance on enforcement actions and statutes drafted before blockchain markets existed threatens American leadership across crypto, artificial intelligence, and financial technology. A coalition of more than 200 companies pressed Senate leadership to bring the bill to the floor. The House Financial Services digital-assets subcommittee scheduled a field hearing at Federal Hall in New York for July 17, titled around the idea that CLARITY enables innovation.

That is a full-court campaign, and campaigns of that intensity are not run from positions of strength. The bill missed the July 4 signing ceremony the White House had informally targeted. It has sat since June 1 at Calendar No. 423 on the Senate Legislative Calendar, eligible for a floor vote nobody has scheduled, with no cloture motion filed. The Senate returned July 13 with roughly three working weeks before the August recess, after which the midterm campaign consumes the political oxygen. The China frame is what a bill sounds like when its sponsors have run out of runway and are reaching for the one argument that has historically moved reluctant senators of both parties.

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What Washington is actually selling against

The comparison Trump is drawing deserves scrutiny, because the two systems are not competing to do the same thing. Mainland China has banned the private crypto activities that CLARITY would regulate, including trading and mining. What Beijing has built instead is the e-CNY, a central bank digital currency issued and supervised by the People’s Bank of China, a state-run digital money that gives the central bank direct visibility into transactions. That is not a rival crypto market. It is the philosophical opposite of one.

The American model, as the administration frames it, puts privately issued dollar stablecoins at the center and keeps the state out of retail digital money entirely. This is where the CLARITY Act contains a detail that complicates the China pitch in an interesting way: the House version of the bill carries anti-CBDC provisions, barring Federal Reserve banks from offering certain products directly to individuals and prohibiting the use of a central bank digital currency for monetary policy. In other words, the bill Trump is selling as the answer to China is partly built to prevent America from ever fielding China’s actual product. The competition is not two countries racing to build the same thing faster. It is two countries betting on incompatible architectures, one state-issued and surveilled, one private and regulated.

There is a third model that goes unmentioned in the framing, and its absence is telling. Europe already passed comprehensive crypto market rules under MiCA, which means the honest competitive comparison for the United States is not with Beijing but with Brussels, a jurisdiction that did the boring legislative work first and now has the regulatory certainty American firms say they want. Naming Europe would make the argument about American legislative dysfunction. Naming China makes it about a foreign threat. The second frame is more useful politically, which is precisely why it was chosen.

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The case that clarity is a competitiveness asset

Strip away the rhetoric, and there is a serious argument underneath, one that does not depend on Beijing at all. American crypto regulation has been conducted for years primarily through enforcement, with agencies applying securities statutes written in the 1930s and 1940s to assets that did not exist when those laws were drafted. Firms have responded rationally by domiciling offshore, which means the activity continues, the jurisdiction changes, and American regulators lose visibility over the very conduct they wanted to police. Selig’s point stands on its own merits: a country cannot supervise what it has pushed out of its borders.

The competitiveness case has a concrete shape. American leadership in digital finance rests on capital markets, legal certainty, developer talent, banking access, and exchange liquidity. Delayed rules weaken each of those, even while demand for the assets themselves stays strong. A framework that tells firms which regulator governs them, what disclosures they owe, and what registration path exists would let institutional capital participate at a scale that legal ambiguity currently prevents. That argument explains why more than 200 companies signed on and why the industry treats this as its top policy priority, and none of it requires believing that China is about to seize the crypto market.

The geopolitical version of the argument, at its strongest, is about the dollar. The GENIUS Act created a framework for payment stablecoins, the overwhelming majority of which are dollar-denominated, and dollar stablecoins have become an unexpectedly effective instrument of American monetary reach, putting dollar exposure in the hands of people who cannot easily access dollar banking. If digital money is where cross-border payments eventually migrate, then the country whose currency dominates that layer inherits a meaningful advantage. In that reading, the CLARITY Act is not about beating China at crypto. It is about extending the dollar’s incumbency into the next rail, which is a real strategic interest even if the invocation of Beijing is theatrical.

The case that China is a lobbying device

The skeptical reading is simpler: the frame is aimed at a domestic audience, not a foreign adversary, and it is designed to make a stalled negotiation feel like a national emergency. Nothing about China’s posture changed in July. The e-CNY has been in development for years, the trading ban is old news, and no Chinese policy shift prompted the post. What changed was the Senate calendar and the vote count. When the substance of a bill cannot close the deal, urgency becomes the substitute, and few things generate urgency in Washington faster than the suggestion that Beijing is winning.

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The framing also collides with an inconvenient fact about the electorate. A survey commissioned by CoinDesk found that just 1 percent of registered voters ranked crypto as a top priority heading into the 2026 election. Senator Elizabeth Warren has made that number a centerpiece of her opposition, arguing the Senate is spending its scarce floor time on legislation written by the crypto industry for the crypto industry while voters are preoccupied with the cost of groceries, utilities, and health care. Whatever one makes of her policy views, the political arithmetic is hard to dispute: there is no constituency pressure driving this bill, which is exactly why its advocates need an external threat to manufacture stakes.

There is a further problem with the competitiveness claim as applied. If the concern is that activity migrates offshore without rules, the natural rejoinder is that America already has a stablecoin law and a functioning, if messy, enforcement regime, while the specific provisions holding CLARITY up are not the ones foreign competitors care about. Nobody in Beijing has a view on whether Coinbase may pass through yield on USDC balances, or on the precise wording of a developer liability shield. Those are domestic fights among American banks, American law enforcement, and American politicians. Wrapping them in a flag does not resolve any of them, and the senators blocking the bill are unlikely to be persuaded that their objections are unpatriotic.

The obstacle the frame cannot route around

Here is where the China pitch runs into the wall it was built to avoid. The reason CLARITY has no floor vote is not insufficient urgency about foreign competition. It is that Democrats have conditioned their support on an ethics provision restricting government officials from profiting from the industry they regulate, and the President is the reason such a provision exists. Trump’s most recent financial disclosure showed roughly $1.4 billion in crypto-related income, with about $636 million from the memecoin bearing his name and more than $500 million tied to World Liberty Financial, the DeFi venture his family co-founded. Crypto was his single largest income stream in the preceding year.

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The merged Senate Banking and Agriculture draft, released on July 14, omits any ethics provision. Senators Chris Murphy, Chris Van Hollen, and Jeff Merkley responded with a press conference declaring their opposition, with Murphy arguing that there is no point building a new regulatory system for crypto if it fails to stop what he characterizes as the President’s corruption. Senator Kirsten Gillibrand has pushed to make it illegal for presidents to issue or sponsor digital assets, citing the memecoin figure directly. Warren has demanded hearings on the national-security implications of the President’s holdings before any floor vote. The White House position, articulated by Witt, is that it will accept ethics language applying across the board, from the president to the intern, but nothing aimed specifically at the President’s holdings. A proposal to let state attorneys general enforce the rules was rejected as structurally insufficient.

This is the structural bind, and it is worth stating plainly because the China frame is designed to obscure it. Democrats argue it is incoherent to build a federal framework classifying digital assets while the sitting President earns his largest income from those assets with no enforceable restriction. The White House argues it will not accept a bill that singles out the President. Both positions are internally consistent, and together they are irreconcilable without someone conceding. A Truth Social post about Beijing does not move that stalemate one inch, and the two committee Democrats who voted the bill out of Banking, Ruben Gallego and Angela Alsobrooks, have both warned their committee votes do not extend to the floor absent a deal.

The math

The vote count is where sentiment meets arithmetic, and the arithmetic is unforgiving. The bill needs 60 votes for cloture in the Senate, which requires a significant bloc of Democrats. It cleared Senate Banking 15-9, with only Gallego and Alsobrooks crossing over, and both have since qualified their support. The House passed its version 294-134 in July 2025 with dozens of Democrats, which is the precedent supporters cite, and the GENIUS Act cleared the Senate 68-30 the same year, which is the precedent they cite more often. But the Republican margin has narrowed. Graham’s death and Mitch McConnell’s continued absence leave the conference with almost no room for error.

The calendar compounds the problem. The House leaves for recess on July 23, the Senate on August 7, and Senate Majority Leader John Thune wants a floor vote before the work period ends. Advocates hoped the bill could reach the floor the week of July 20, but the procedural sequence, filing cloture, burning floor time for debate, reconciling with the House version, consumes days the bill does not have. And CLARITY is competing for that floor time against the National Defense Authorization Act, a farm bill, a housing bill, and a war-powers debate. Every hour spent elsewhere reduces the odds. Even if the Senate passes something, the House would need to approve the Senate’s version before it reached the President’s desk.

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The market has noticed. Traders on Polymarket priced 2026 passage in the mid-20s to upper-30s percent range in mid-July, down from above 70 percent earlier in the year, showing how traders are pricing the bill’s odds. Galaxy Digital’s head of research cut his firm’s odds to roughly 50 percent, citing the shrinking calendar and competition for floor time. Optimists remain: the Solana Policy Institute’s president has said momentum is building and a pre-recess vote is achievable, and CFTC leadership has called the bill close. The fallback everyone whispers about is the lame-duck session after the November elections, a crowded and unpredictable window that has buried better-positioned bills than this one.

Whether the frame lands

So does the China argument work? On the merits, it is the weakest version of a strong case. The genuine argument for CLARITY is domestic and unglamorous: regulation by enforcement is a bad way to run a market, offshore migration costs American oversight, and firms deserve to know which agency governs them. That case does not need Beijing, and dressing it in geopolitics arguably cheapens it, because it invites the obvious rebuttal that China banned the thing America is trying to regulate and therefore is not racing anyone.

On the politics, the calculation is more defensible than it first appears. The frame is not aimed at Murphy or Warren, who were never going to be moved by it. It is aimed at the marginal Democrat who wants a reason to vote yes that is not about crypto, and for whom competitiveness with China offers cover that industry lobbying cannot. That is a real, if narrow, use. The problem is that the marginal Democrat’s stated price is an ethics provision, and the merged draft did not pay it. No amount of framing substitutes for the thing the votes are actually for sale for.

The most honest read is that the China pitch is a symptom rather than a strategy. It tells you the White House has exhausted the arguments it prefers and is now reaching for the one that generates urgency without requiring concession. Whether crypto gets its rulebook this year will be settled by whether someone blinks on ethics in the next three weeks, not by whether senators fear Beijing. If the bill dies, the industry will spend the fall arguing that America ceded ground to foreign competitors. The more accurate autopsy will be that the most consequential crypto bill in American history failed over a fight about one man’s memecoin income, and that no external adversary was required to stop it.

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Frequently asked questions

What is the CLARITY Act?

The Digital Asset Market Clarity Act would create a federal regulatory framework for digital assets in the United States, dividing oversight between the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. It would grant the CFTC authority over digital commodity spot markets while the SEC retains jurisdiction over investment contract assets, and it builds on the stablecoin framework created by the GENIUS Act in 2025.

What did Trump actually say about China?

In a July 13 Truth Social post, he urged the Senate to pass the bill in honor of the late Senator Lindsey Graham, warned that China and other countries want total control of the digital asset sector as well as artificial intelligence, claimed America currently leads while China competes hard, and closed by telling lawmakers not to let China win on either front.

Is China really competing with the United States on crypto?

Not in the market CLARITY would regulate. Mainland China has banned private crypto trading and mining, and has instead built the e-CNY, a state-issued central bank digital currency supervised by the People’s Bank of China. The two systems are architecturally opposed. The CLARITY Act itself contains anti-CBDC provisions, meaning the bill partly exists to prevent America from building China’s actual product.

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Why is the bill stalled?

Primarily over ethics. Democrats have conditioned support on provisions restricting officials from profiting from the crypto industry, prompted by Trump’s disclosure of roughly $1.4 billion in crypto income. The merged draft released July 14 omitted any ethics language, and Senators Murphy, Van Hollen, and Merkley immediately announced opposition. Disputes over a DeFi developer shield and stablecoin yield also remain unresolved

How many votes does it need

Sixty, to clear cloture in the Senate, which requires meaningful Democratic support. The bill cleared the Senate Banking Committee 15-9 with only two Democrats crossing over, and both have said their committee votes do not guarantee floor support. Graham’s death and McConnell’s absence have narrowed the Republican margin, making Democratic buy-in more decisive than at any earlier point.

What is the deadline?

The Senate leaves for its August recess on August 7, and the House on July 23, after which the midterm campaign dominates. Advocates view the remaining weeks as the bill’s last realistic chance in 2026. A lame-duck session after the November elections is the theoretical fallback, but that window is crowded and unpredictable.

What do prediction markets say about passage

Traders have grown sharply more pessimistic. Polymarket priced 2026 passage in roughly the mid-20s to upper-30s percent range in mid-July, down from above 70 percent earlier in the year. Galaxy Digital’s research head cut his estimate to about 50 percent, citing calendar pressure. Those figures move quickly and should be checked against current markets.

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What happens to crypto if the bill fails?

The status quo persists: regulation through enforcement, unresolved SEC and CFTC jurisdiction, and continued legal ambiguity that firms cite when domiciling offshore. That does not halt the industry, since demand is unaffected by legislative failure, but it delays institutional participation that depends on legal certainty and pushes the next serious attempt into a new Congress with a potentially different composition.

Disclaimer: This article is for information and educational purposes only and does not constitute financial, investment, or legal advice. It describes pending legislation and the political debate surrounding it, and legislative outcomes are inherently uncertain. Nothing here is a recommendation to buy or sell any asset. Always do your own research. Information is accurate as of July 16, 2026, and this situation is developing quickly.

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South Korea’s $1.45B leverage wipeout hits young traders hardest

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South Korea’s DAXA targets crypto API keys after 30% warning

South Korean retail investors have reportedly lost about 2.15 trillion won, or roughly $1.45 billion, from leveraged trading over the past month as sharp market swings triggered widespread margin calls.

Summary

  • South Korean retail investors reportedly lost $1.45 billion as leveraged positions unraveled during market volatility.
  • Traders in their 20s and 30s represented 62% of accounts facing forced liquidation, reports estimate.
  • Korea’s stock leverage unwind follows a retail shift from crypto into equities during the rally.

According to market reports, more than 1.2 million retail leverage accounts had reached margin-call thresholds by July 13. Estimates placed the number of accounts fully liquidated by brokerages between 320,000 and 460,000, although the broader account figures have not been independently confirmed by regulators.

Young investors bear the largest share of liquidations

Investors in their 20s and 30s reportedly accounted for 62% of accounts hit by full forced liquidations. Many retail traders had built leveraged positions during South Korea’s strong equity rally, increasing their exposure to losses when prices reversed.

The losses followed months of heavy borrowing by retail investors. Reuters reported in June that borrowed investment in South Korean equities had reached a record 60 trillion won by the end of May. Regulators were already reviewing safeguards around leveraged exchange-traded funds after acknowledging concerns about their rapid growth.

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Forced sales accelerate during volatile market swings

The Korea Financial Investment Association has recorded a sharp increase in forced stock sales linked to unpaid brokerage balances. Market reports put actual forced sales from unsettled trades at 451.9 billion won between July 1 and July 13.

The pressure had already been building before July. According to Seoul Economic Daily, forced sales reached 1.12 trillion won in June, the highest monthly total of 2026. The figure rose from 707.6 billion won in May as sharp KOSPI swings repeatedly caught leveraged investors on the wrong side of the market.

When investors use short-term brokerage credit, they must provide additional funds if their positions fall below required levels. Brokers can sell the shares when clients fail to cover the shortfall, locking in losses during periods of falling prices.

Retail money had shifted from crypto into stocks

The leverage rout follows a major change in how South Korean retail investors allocated their money. As previously reported by crypto.news, crypto holdings on the country’s major exchanges fell from $83.3 billion in January 2025 to $41.4 billion by February 2026 as investors increasingly moved toward equities.

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Crypto trading activity also weakened as the stock market gained momentum. A later crypto.news report found that won-based crypto trading volume fell 71% between August 2025 and May 2026, while KOSPI trading volume rose 243%.

The current equity-market losses therefore affect a retail investor base that had already moved substantial capital away from digital assets and into stocks.

Tighter financial conditions add another pressure point

The deleveraging comes as South Korea also shifts toward tighter monetary policy. The Bank of Korea raised its benchmark interest rate by 25 basis points to 2.75% on July 16, its first increase since January 2023.

Higher borrowing costs could place additional pressure on leveraged trading while making investors more cautious toward risk assets. The effect may extend beyond equities because South Korea remains an active crypto market where retail trading can influence global volumes, particularly for altcoins such as XRP. As previously reported, Korean trading activity remains an important source of liquidity for several major digital assets.

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