Polish lawmakers have again failed to secure the three-fifths majority needed to overturn President Karol Nawrocki’s veto of legislation aimed at strengthening oversight of the country’s crypto market.

The Sejm, Poland’s lower house of parliament, on Friday voted 241-198 in favor of overriding the veto, with three abstentions, falling 25 votes short of the 266 needed.

The vote was yet another attempt to advance Poland’s crypto market rules after President Karol Nawrocki vetoed crypto legislation three times, arguing that the proposed rules would overregulate the industry.

The regulatory dispute comes amid a deepening scandal involving defunct crypto exchange Zondacrypto, with its Estonian operator declared bankrupt and Prime Minister Donald Tusk citing an expanding criminal investigation to push for tighter crypto oversight.

Poland remains without MiCA crypto supervisor

The vetoed legislation was designed to establish Poland’s national framework for applying the European Union’s Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA), including placing oversight of the crypto market under the Polish Financial Supervision Authority (KNF).

KNF said Friday that the country still lacks a designated authority responsible for supervising the cryptoasset market, despite MiCA already applying across the European Union.

Nawrocki has said he supports crypto regulation but argues that Poland’s proposed rules go too far, citing concerns over regulatory costs and authorities’ powers to block websites.

Zondacrypto probe expands amid bankruptcy

Ahead of Friday’s vote, Tusk disclosed excerpts from what he said was testimony by a key witness in the Zondacrypto investigation, alleging payments and attempts to influence politicians linked to Poland’s previous government.

Tusk said the witness alleged a 2 million Polish zloty ($550,000) payment arrangement involving a foundation linked to former Justice Minister Zbigniew Ziobro. In separate testimony cited by Tusk, the witness alleged that an unnamed person had promised to secure a presidential pardon if the witness was convicted.

Related: Polish Olympic chief charged in Zondacrypto probe, justice minister says

Polish prosecutors are investigating suspected fraud and money laundering connected to Zondacrypto. In July, they merged the case with a probe into the 2022 disappearance of Sylwester Suszek, founder of BitBay, which was later renamed Zondacrypto.

Prosecutors in April said losses linked to Zondacrypto were estimated at no less than 350 million Polish zlotys ($95 million).

Zondacrypto’s operator, BB Trade Estonia, was officially declared bankrupt by an Estonian court in August, with the first creditors’ meeting scheduled for Sept. 17.

Magazine: MiCA is coming for DeFi vaults, but regulation will be difficult

Bitcoin price fell back below $80,000 after stronger-than-expected US employment data lifted Federal Reserve rate-hike expectations, while technical charts showed the rally had already met resistance near $82,500.

Bitcoin price falls below $80,000

According to data from crypto.news, Bitcoin (BTC) price traded near $79,600 at the time of writing, down about 1.5% over 24 hours. The asset had reached an intraday high near $81,370 before sellers pushed it as low as $78,723.

The pullback followed an earlier rally that carried Bitcoin above $82,000, its highest level since May. Buyers failed to sustain that move, leaving the price below a major resistance zone visible on the daily chart.

Bitcoin’s daily candle showed the asset trading near $79,613 after touching a session high of $79,763. The price remained below horizontal resistance at approximately $82,504, a level that also sits close to the May swing high.

The rejection interrupted a sharp recovery from the August range near $62,500. Bitcoin gained roughly 30% during that advance and broke above several previous lower highs, but the $82,000–$82,800 region has stopped two recent attempts to extend the rally.

Strong US jobs data triggered the pullback

The US Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that nonfarm payroll employment increased by 162,000 in August, well above the average monthly gain of 31,000 recorded over the previous 12 months. The unemployment rate held at 4.1%.

Employment increased by 59,000 in food services and drinking places, while local government education added 42,000 jobs. The information sector lost 23,000 positions.

The report led traders to raise the probability of a Federal Reserve rate increase at its Sept. 15–16 meeting. According to Reuters, the implied probability rose to 61% from 52% before the employment data.

Citigroup consequently moved its forecast for the Fed’s next rate cut to June 2027 from October 2026. Higher rate expectations also pushed Treasury yields upward and supported the dollar, creating pressure on non-yielding and risk-sensitive assets.

Analyst Rain said the employment report was the immediate trigger for Bitcoin’s decline, but argued that the technical setup preceded the release. Rain noted that BTC had been rejected around $82,400 several hours before the data arrived.

The analyst said the strong jobs reading removed part of the Fed’s case for lowering rates, forcing markets to reprice the probability of tighter policy rather than changing Bitcoin’s longer-term investment case.

Bitcoin technicals keep $82,500 in focus

Bitcoin’s daily relative strength index stood at 66.28, below the overbought threshold of 70. The RSI had recently moved above 70 during the rally but turned lower as the price struggled below resistance, showing that upward momentum had cooled.

The Aroon indicator offered a more constructive signal. Aroon Up measured 85.71%, compared with an Aroon Down reading of 7.14%, indicating that recent highs remain more influential than recent lows despite the pullback.

On the 4-hour chart, Bitcoin continued to trade above the Supertrend line at $78,190. The indicator remains bullish while the price holds above that level, making the $78,000–$78,200 area the first technical support zone.

The 4-hour Chaikin Money Flow reading of 0.19 also remained above zero. The indicator points to net buying pressure over its measurement period, although it does not rule out another short-term test of support.

A daily close above $82,504 would clear the immediate resistance and weaken the bearish rejection setup. Reuters’ technical analysis identified the broader May resistance near $82,793 and said a confirmed breakout could expose $90,000, followed by Bitcoin’s 2026 peak near $97,867.

Failure to defend the 4-hour Supertrend would shift attention to approximately $77,000. Below that area, the next visible supports sit near $75,700 and $71,800.

Liquidation heatmap shows pressure on both sides

The one-week CoinGlass liquidation heatmap showed a dense concentration of leveraged positions close to $80,000. Another large liquidity band appeared between roughly $81,800 and $82,300, placing potential short liquidations directly below the daily resistance area.

A move through $80,000 could therefore draw the price toward the upper cluster, although heatmap levels identify estimated liquidation concentrations rather than guaranteed price targets.

On the downside, the strongest nearby pool appeared around $78,000, with additional concentrations between $76,000 and $77,000. Losing $78,000 could expose leveraged long positions and accelerate a drop toward the lower liquidity bands.

The location of those clusters leaves Bitcoin between competing liquidation zones. The $78,000 support and $82,000 resistance areas could produce sharper moves if either side gives way.

Analysts warn of a possible Bitcoin bull trap

Trader Gerla said Bitcoin’s structure has improved, but warned that momentum has repeatedly reversed after the daily RSI entered overbought territory during the current cycle.

Gerla identified $82,000–$84,000 as the invalidation area for the bearish setup. According to the analyst, a strong close above that range, supported by high trading volume, would reduce the risk that the latest rally is a bull trap.

Until such a breakout occurs, the analyst sees a risk that another rejection could force leveraged buyers out of the market and produce a larger correction.

US inflation data now provides the next major test. The August consumer price index is scheduled for Sept. 11, five days before the Fed’s rate decision. A hotter reading could reinforce expectations of a hike, while softer inflation could lower those odds and give Bitcoin another opportunity to challenge $82,500.

Robinhood Chain has recorded less than 1% of its analyzed transactions through a contract clearly linked to Robinhood Wallet users, according to ARK Invest research director Lorenzo Valente.

According to Lorenzo Valente’s analysis, contract-level data indicates that most trading on Robinhood Chain comes from existing on-chain traders rather than new cryptocurrency users entering through Robinhood.

Valente, ARK Invest’s director of research for digital assets, examined which smart contracts generated transactions on the network. His review sought to separate activity that could be linked directly to Robinhood products from trades routed through outside wallets and applications.

Robinhood Wallet sends swaps through the 0x Settler contract, making that route the clearest source of transactions from the company’s wallet users, according to Valente. Transactions involving the contract represented less than 1% of the activity included in his analysis.

Allowing for contracts that could not be identified raised the possible Robinhood-linked share to about 5%, he estimated. Valente described the estimate as generous because some of the unidentified activity could also have come from outside trading services.

Robinhood Chain activity comes mainly from external platforms

Most of the identifiable volume outside the 0x Settler route came through GMGN and OKX, Valente said. Both platforms give traders access to on-chain assets without requiring them to use Robinhood Wallet as their main entry point.

GMGN functions as a trading terminal for users seeking newly issued tokens and other speculative assets across several blockchains. OKX also offers a Web3 wallet and decentralized exchange tools that can connect to Ethereum Virtual Machine networks.

Comparing the transaction patterns across chains, Valente said the activity on Robinhood Chain resembled the behavior already seen from users of the same services elsewhere. He described the network as attracting the “same degens” to a new blockchain, rather than showing clear evidence that Robinhood had introduced a separate group of users to on-chain markets.

Valente framed the observation as his reading of the contract data, not a customer count supplied by Robinhood. Wallets can also interact through aggregators, custom contracts, or routes that make their original source difficult to identify, limiting how precisely public blockchain data can assign transactions to individual platforms.

The findings concern transaction origins rather than the number of people using each wallet. One address may belong to a single user, a trading bot, an application, or a service that combines transactions for several customers.

An open network complicates Robinhood user counts

Robinhood Chain operates as a permissionless Ethereum Layer 2 built with Arbitrum technology. EVM-compatible wallets and applications can connect without holding a Robinhood brokerage account, while developers can deploy contracts without restricting access to the company’s customers.

Such access means the network’s total transactions, fees, and decentralized exchange volume cannot automatically be treated as Robinhood customer activity. A trade made through GMGN or OKX still appears on Robinhood Chain, even when the trader never enters through Robinhood’s wallet interface.

The distinction matters because the network has generated large trading and revenue figures since its July 1 mainnet launch. Crypto.news previously reported that three leading applications produced about 93% of measured application revenue during one 24-hour period.

GMGN led that snapshot with approximately $1.11 million, followed by the Pons token-launch platform with about $1.03 million and Uniswap with roughly $327,707. The concentration supported the view that a small group of crypto-native services drove much of the network’s early fee activity.

On Sept. 2, Robinhood Chain generated $4.01 million in chain revenue from $4.45 million in total fees, according to DeFiLlama data cited in a separate report. Its cumulative decentralized exchange volume had also crossed $47 billion in under two months, while GMGN and Pons accounted for much of the memecoin trading.

Robinhood has covered transaction costs during the network’s first 90 days, with the gas subsidy scheduled to run through the end of September. The free gas program has allowed traders and applications to execute transactions without paying the usual network fee themselves.

Tokenized stocks form a smaller but growing market

Robinhood introduced the chain partly as infrastructure for tokenized stocks, real-world assets, and decentralized finance. Trading activity, however, has also spread into memecoins and newly issued tokens that are not central to the brokerage’s stock-token strategy.

Uniswap processed $1 billion in cumulative tokenized-stock volume on Robinhood Chain by Aug. 21. The total covered swaps involved several stock-linked tokens rather than assets deposited on the network or trading in a single product.

Stock tokens remain unavailable to investors in the United States. Robinhood has offered the products across more than 120 countries, according to its August earnings call, allowing eligible overseas customers to gain price exposure to U.S. stocks through blockchain-based instruments.

For American readers, Robinhood Markets remains the direct listed exposure to the company’s blockchain strategy through its Nasdaq-traded HOOD shares. On-chain transactions generated by outside services should not be treated as equivalent to new U.S. brokerage accounts, cryptocurrency customers, or revenue reported in Robinhood’s financial statements.

Robinhood reported 28.4 million funded customers at the end of the second quarter, up 1.9 million, or 7%, from a year earlier. Its investment accounts increased 9% to 29.9 million, while total platform assets reached $369 billion, according to the company’s second-quarter results.

Robinhood’s customer base remains a separate metric

Supporters of the network have pointed to Robinhood’s existing customer base as a possible route for bringing more people on-chain. BitMine Chairman Tom Lee said in August that access to millions of funded accounts could make Robinhood Chain an important source of new Ethereum users.

Early network data has not yet established that connection, according to Valente’s contract review. Confirmed Robinhood Wallet routing represented only a small part of the transactions he examined, while trading terminals used by experienced crypto participants accounted for most of the activity he could identify.

Robinhood said during its second-quarter earnings call that it served more than 1 million accounts outside the United States. The company also reported quarterly revenue of $1.3 billion, up 32% from a year earlier, and said it added nearly 1 million funded customers during the quarter.

U.S. spot Bitcoin and Ethereum exchange-traded funds attracted a combined $1.20 billion during the trading week ending Sept. 4, with Bitcoin products accounting for more than 80% of the total.

Bitcoin ETF inflows approach $1 billion

According to data from Farside Investors, U.S. spot Bitcoin ETFs recorded $986.7 million in net inflows between Aug. 31 and Sept. 4. The weekly intake increased about 6.7% from the $924.5 million added during the previous five trading sessions.

The funds opened the week with $216.7 million in net inflows on Aug. 31 before recording $236.5 million in withdrawals on Sept. 1. Demand returned over the following three sessions, producing inflows of $101.1 million, $730.8 million, and $174.6 million.

Sept. 3 accounted for roughly 74% of the entire weekly total. BlackRock’s spot Bitcoin products attracted $454 million that day, while ARK Invest and 21Shares’ ARKB added $137.7 million. Fidelity’s FBTC and Grayscale’s Bitcoin Mini Trust recorded $74.4 million and $48.8 million, respectively.

BlackRock’s products led the full week with about $691.5 million in net inflows. ARKB followed with $137.7 million, while Fidelity’s fund added $94.8 million.

Bitwise’s BITB received $41.7 million during the period. VanEck’s HODL posted approximately $33 million in net withdrawals, while Grayscale’s converted GBTC fund recorded a modest $18.6 million inflow.

The five-day result brought cumulative net inflows across the U.S. spot Bitcoin ETF market to approximately $55.69 billion, according to Farside’s data.

Ethereum ETF demand slows from the previous week

U.S. spot Ethereum ETFs recorded $215.3 million in net inflows over the same period, Farside data showed. Although the funds remained net positive, weekly inflows fell by around 73.6% from $815.7 million during the previous week.

Ethereum products started the period with an $87.6 million inflow on Aug. 31 and added another $8.6 million on Sept. 1. The group then recorded $48.2 million in net outflows on Sept. 2 before attracting $141.4 million on Sept. 3 and $25.9 million on Sept. 4.

BlackRock’s ETHA brought in $136.4 million during the week, while its staked Ethereum product ETHB added $81.8 million. The two BlackRock funds therefore received a combined $218.2 million, slightly more than the category’s total net inflow after withdrawals from competing products were included.

Fidelity’s FETH ended the week with only $4.7 million in net inflows. The fund attracted $65.1 million on Sept. 3 but lost $48.3 million the following session.

Grayscale’s higher-fee ETHE recorded $37 million in weekly net outflows. Grayscale’s lower-cost Ethereum Mini Trust partly offset those withdrawals with $17.1 million in inflows.

Cumulative net inflows into U.S. spot Ethereum ETFs reached approximately $13.19 billion by the end of the week.

Crypto ETF inflows diverge from wider U.S. funds

The $1.20 billion combined inflow into Bitcoin and Ethereum ETFs came during a cautious period for conventional U.S. investment funds.

Investors withdrew $11.12 billion from U.S. equity funds during the week ending Sept. 2, according to LSEG Lipper data reported by Reuters. Large-cap funds accounted for $7.52 billion of those withdrawals, while money market funds attracted $48.76 billion.

Reuters tied the broader caution to rising bond yields, higher oil prices and tensions in the Middle East. Those factors weighed on risk assets earlier in the week, but sentiment improved on Sept. 3 after Federal Reserve Governor Christopher Waller said he could support keeping interest rates unchanged if inflation continued to ease.

The shift coincided with the largest daily crypto ETF inflows of the week. Bitcoin and Ethereum funds collectively attracted about $872.2 million on Sept. 3, while Bitcoin climbed above $81,000 and Ethereum moved back toward $2,500.

The subsequent reversal showed that ETF inflows did not remove short-term macro risks. Bitcoin was trading near $79,664 at the time of writing, down about 1.8% over the latest session, while Ethereum traded around $2,458 after a 2.8% decline.

U.S. data keeps rate expectations in focus

The next test for ETF demand could come from changing expectations for U.S. interest rates. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that nonfarm payrolls increased by 162,000 in August, while the unemployment rate remained at 4.1%.

The stronger labor data reduced some of the optimism created by Waller’s comments because a resilient economy could give the Federal Reserve more room to keep borrowing costs elevated.

Investors will now focus on the Sept. 11 U.S. consumer price index report and the Federal Reserve’s Sept. 16 policy decision. Further evidence of persistent inflation could pressure crypto prices and ETF demand, while softer inflation would support the case for stable or lower interest rates.

Despite those risks, the weekly figures showed that U.S. investors remained net buyers of both major crypto ETF categories. Bitcoin products maintained their momentum from the previous week, while Ethereum funds stayed positive even as their weekly intake slowed.

Poland’s Sejm has fallen 25 votes short of overriding President Karol Nawrocki’s third veto of a crypto regulation bill, with 241 lawmakers supporting the measure against the 266 required.

Polish Radio reported on Sept. 4 that Poland’s lower house failed to pass the crypto bill again after President Karol Nawrocki refused to sign it for the third time.

Poland crypto bill falls 25 votes short

Of the 442 lawmakers present, 241 voted to override the president, 198 opposed the motion, and three abstained. Polish law required support from three-fifths of lawmakers voting with at least half of the Sejm’s 460 members present, setting the threshold at 266 votes.

An override would have required Nawrocki to sign the legislation. With the motion defeated, the latest version cannot advance through the legislative process.

The bill would have designated the Polish Financial Supervision Authority, known as the KNF, as the country’s crypto regulator. Its provisions were designed to support Poland’s implementation of the European Union’s Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation, or MiCA.

Nawrocki has said he supports rules for the sector but considers the government’s version too restrictive. When he rejected the legislation on June 11, the president said lawmakers had addressed only one of the 16 changes proposed by his office.

“Bad law does not become good law simply because it is passed a hundred times,” Nawrocki said in a video statement announcing the third veto.

According to the president, the bill could place excessive burdens on Polish crypto companies and encourage some businesses to operate from other jurisdictions. He has also accused the governing coalition of repeatedly returning legislation that failed to resolve objections raised during previous rounds.

Nawrocki submitted a separate proposal that his office described as offering stronger safeguards against fraud and financial crime without imposing the same costs on legitimate companies. The president said Parliament had not supported his version.

Three vetoes have prolonged Poland’s MiCA dispute

The latest defeat follows two previous attempts by Prime Minister Donald Tusk’s government to pass a domestic crypto framework.

As crypto.news previously reported, Nawrocki rejected the first Crypto-Asset Market Act on Dec. 1, 2025. His objections included the regulator’s proposed authority to block crypto-related websites and the costs that companies could face under the law.

The Sejm tried to overturn that decision four days later. Lawmakers backed the override by 243 votes to 192 but failed to reach the required three-fifths majority.

After Parliament passed another version, Nawrocki issued his second veto on Feb. 12, arguing that it was almost identical to the original legislation. A second override attempt failed on April 17, when lawmakers voted 243–191 in favor and three abstained.

By May, the Sejm was considering competing proposals from the government, the president’s office, Poland 2050, and the Confederation party. The packages differed over the KNF’s enforcement powers and the financial penalties available to the regulator, according to earlier coverage of the bills.

The government-backed legislation passed the Sejm on May 15 against the backdrop of an investigation into Zondacrypto. The measure included licensing and reporting duties for crypto service providers, KNF supervision, and criminal liability for certain violations connected with token issuance and crypto services.

MiCA already applies across the EU, but national authorities still handle licensing, supervision and enforcement within the bloc’s common framework. The regulation covers crypto service providers, exchanges, custodians and certain token issuers, while allowing authorized companies to use passporting rules to operate across member states.

The EU’s transition period ended on July 1, leaving firms that lacked authorization facing service restrictions or an orderly wind-down. An ESMA register cited in June showed that 244 crypto service provider licenses had been issued shortly before the deadline, while Germany and France accounted for more than one-third of them.

Zondacrypto allegations shape the political fight

Before the Sept. 4 vote, Tusk urged lawmakers to override Nawrocki’s veto and referred to an investigation involving the defunct Zondacrypto exchange.

Polish Radio reported that Tusk read parts of witness testimony that implicated former Justice Minister Zbigniew Ziobro. According to the testimony presented by the prime minister, Ziobro had allegedly promised to stop the Zondacrypto case if he returned to power.

The statement alleged that PLN 2 million, worth about €463,000, was intended as “compensation” for Ziobro and would pass through a foundation established by his brother. Of that amount, PLN 500,000, or roughly €116,000, was allegedly assigned to Ziobro’s personal expenses.

Tusk said the testimony identified Ziobro’s wife, Patrycja Kotecka, as playing the main role in the alleged arrangement. The account forms part of an investigation, and the claims cited in Parliament have not been presented as court findings.

During the parliamentary debate, Tusk accused members of the opposition Law and Justice party, or PiS, of supporting people involved in questionable crypto dealings.

“You are disgracing yourselves,” Tusk told the lawmakers.

The political dispute surrounding the exchange had already surfaced during the second veto vote in April. At the time, Tusk alleged that Zondacrypto had received funds connected to Russian organized crime and had supported political and social events associated with right-wing groups in Poland. The allegations and the exchange’s political connections were detailed in an April report on Zondacrypto.

Nawrocki has rejected claims connecting him to the company. In April, he said he had never met Zondacrypto chief executive Przemysław Kral or company representatives and had no information showing that the exchange supported his presidential campaign.

U.S. crypto rules take a different route

For U.S. readers, Poland’s vote does not change access to American exchanges, crypto funds or other U.S.-regulated investment products. The Polish measure concerns domestic enforcement of an EU regulatory framework and the powers available to the KNF.

Washington has been developing its own system through federal agencies and Congress rather than adopting an EU-style single licensing regime. On Aug. 18, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission proposed Regulation Crypto Assets, a framework for certain investment contracts involving digital assets.

The proposal includes one exemption for offerings of up to $5 million over four years and another permitting qualifying issuers to raise as much as $75 million in a 12-month period. It also contains disclosure duties and a conditional safe harbor addressing when a crypto asset would no longer be treated as part of an investment contract.

SEC Chair Paul Atkins said the proposal was designed to give crypto companies clearer fundraising routes under federal securities laws while maintaining investor protections. The agency opened a 60-day public comment period following the publication of the proposal.

Unlike Poland’s bill, the SEC proposal focuses on securities offerings and does not create a national operating license equivalent to MiCA authorization. U.S. crypto businesses may also fall under CFTC rules, state money-transmitter requirements, and other federal or state laws, depending on their products and activities.

Separately, Poland has formally requested Ziobro’s extradition from the United States, where Polish Radio said the former minister has lived since May after losing refugee status in Hungary. The request covers 19 of the 26 alleged offenses he faces in a separate investigation concerning conduct during his time in office.

NFT sales rose 55.6% to approximately $75.54 million over the past seven days, with BNB Chain overtaking Ethereum after recording more than $32.75 million in sales.

According to data from CryptoSlam, captured on Sept. 5 with the seven-day view selected, NFT sales increased from approximately $48.55 million during the preceding period.

Buyer addresses climbed 20.38% to 273,655, while seller addresses increased 18.09% to 291,266. However, total transactions fell 14.77% to 650,332, meaning the increase in sales value occurred alongside fewer recorded transfers.

The average value per transaction rose to approximately $116, compared with about $64 in the prior period. CryptoSlam records blockchain addresses rather than verified individual buyers or sellers, so the address totals should not be treated as confirmed user counts.

NFT activity increased as the broader cryptocurrency market remained volatile. Bitcoin traded near $79,694, while Ethereum changed hands around $2,458 at the time of writing. The total cryptocurrency market capitalization stood at approximately $2.78 trillion.

The concurrent movements do not establish that cryptocurrency prices caused the rise in NFT sales. BNB Chain’s unusually large weekly increase also means the global comparison requires network-level context.

BNB Chain leads NFT sales with $32.75 million

BNB Chain moved into first place with approximately $32.75 million in organic NFT sales, an increase of 1,042% from the previous seven-day period. Buyer addresses on the network rose 30.84% to 22,132.

CryptoSlam recorded only $8 in wash-trading volume for BNB Chain, leaving its combined total close to $32.75 million. The scale and speed of the increase make the network the main contributor to the global weekly gain, although the collection rankings did not show one BNB Chain project accounting for most of the amount.

Ethereum ranked second with $18.94 million in organic sales, down 14.23%. Wash trading declined 56.30% to approximately $742,249, putting the network’s combined total at $19.68 million. Ethereum buyer addresses increased by 21.13% to 40,098 despite the decline in sales value.

Polygon followed with $7.29 million in organic sales, up 6.12%. The blockchain also recorded $18.73 million in wash trading, taking its combined volume to $26.02 million. Polygon’s 94,731 buyer addresses represented the largest total among the leading chains and increased by 10.67%.

Bitcoin ranked fourth with $5.87 million, down 34.20% from the previous period. Buyer addresses nevertheless rose 28.95% to 13,103. The network also generated approximately $94,991 in wash volume, producing a combined total of $5.96 million.

Base placed fifth after sales increased 36.59% to $4.23 million. Its wash-trading volume reached $4.80 million, exceeding organic sales and lifting combined volume to $9.03 million. Buyer addresses jumped 64.50% to 5,050.

Solana completed the leading six with $1.91 million in organic sales, up 9.99%. The network recorded 47,853 buyer addresses, an increase of 24%, and about $24,849 in wash activity.

Courtyard tops weekly NFT collection sales

Polygon-based Courtyard remained the leading NFT collection with $6.32 million in sales, up 7.50%. The platform recorded 97,050 transactions, a 1.01% increase, while buyer addresses fell 7.63% to 17,766.

Courtyard’s sales represented approximately 8.4% of global NFT volume. Its high transaction count separates the collection’s activity from projects where weekly sales were concentrated among a small number of wallets or transfers.

Base-based Beezie ranked second with $2.64 million, up 39.39%. Transactions increased 47.36% to 16,521, but CryptoSlam recorded only nine buyer addresses and 240 seller addresses. The low buyer count means the sales figure was highly concentrated rather than spread across a broad group of addresses.

Ethereum’s Argonauts placed third with $2.07 million despite sales falling 63.54%. Transactions declined by 72.74% to 3,068, while buyer and seller addresses also fell by more than 50%.

CryptoPunks followed with $1.86 million, down 9.92% from the prior week. The collection produced 18 transactions involving 15 buyer addresses and 15 seller addresses.

Blokyz generated $1.48 million, a decline of 19.56%, from 3,889 transactions. Bored Ape Yacht Club ranked sixth with $1.17 million, up 19.71%, while its transaction count increased 18.87% to 63.

Guild of Guardians Heroes completed the leading seven with $981,850 in sales, up 2.64%. Its transactions fell 5.78% to 733, while buyer addresses declined 15.42%.

BRC-20 NFT leads high-value NFT sales

Bitcoin-based $REWD BRC-20 NFT #68f822daa8f482226a42a15319b5fe66a… recorded the largest sale, changing hands for 10 BTC, worth approximately $796,863, nine hours before the snapshot.

Another Bitcoin-based asset from the $X@AI BRC-20 NFT collection ranked second. It sold for 5.1158 BTC, valued at approximately $394,346, three days earlier.

CryptoPunks #1839 placed third after selling for 161.5 ETH, or approximately $394,320, around 18 hours before the data capture.

Algebra Positions NFT-V2 #43 recorded the fourth-largest sale at 365,231.125 USDT, worth approximately $365,231, two days earlier. Algebra position NFTs represent decentralized exchange liquidity positions rather than conventional digital collectibles.

CryptoSlam classified both BRC-20 transactions and the Algebra position transfer as NFT sales, though their economic structures differ from those of profile-picture and digital-art NFTs.