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Robinhood Chain suffers 14-minute network outage

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What is Lighter? Robinhood's perps DEX

Robinhood Chain has stopped producing blocks for more than 14 minutes, preventing the Ethereum layer-2 network from confirming token transfers and smart contract transactions.

Summary

  • Robinhood Chain stopped producing blocks for more than 14 minutes at around 12:57 p.m. UTC.
  • Transfers and smart contract calls remained pending until block production resumed intermittently.
  • Robinhood has not disclosed the cause or provided a detailed account of the disruption.
  • HOOD shares fell as much as 5.1% from their previous close before recovering part of the loss.

Robinhood Chain stopped confirming transactions

Robinhood Chain block explorer data showed that the network stopped adding blocks at around 12:57 p.m. UTC on Sept. 4, leaving submitted transactions without confirmation for more than 14 minutes.

Transfers, smart contract calls, and router interactions could not move forward while the chain remained at the same block height. New transactions continued to appear in the explorer, but several stayed pending because the network was not producing blocks to process them.

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News aggregator Aggr News was among the first to report the interruption on X.

Block production later restarted, although explorer records showed uneven activity during the first stage of the recovery. Robinhood had not disclosed the cause of the halt or published a technical account of the event at the time of reporting.

The company also had not provided a specific recovery schedule. Its main status page did not list an incident for the chain, leaving the explorer as the main public source for tracking whether blocks were being produced consistently.

No report indicated that balances were lost during the interruption. Transactions submitted while production was paused could not receive on-chain confirmation until the sequencer began creating blocks again.

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A sequencer halt froze Robinhood Chain activity

As crypto.news explained in July, Robinhood Chain is an Ethereum layer-2 network built with Arbitrum Orbit technology. It runs transactions outside Ethereum’s main execution layer and posts data back to Ethereum.

Robinhood launched the public mainnet on July 1 with 95 tokenized stocks and access through Robinhood Wallet in more than 120 countries. The chain uses ETH for transaction fees and supports Ethereum-compatible wallets, applications, and smart contracts.

According to the network explainer, Robinhood Chain relies on a sequencer to order transactions and produce blocks. When the sequencer stops, users can submit transactions, but the network cannot confirm or settle them until block production returns.

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Robinhood Chain normally produces blocks every 100 milliseconds. At that speed, a 14-minute interruption represents approximately 8,400 expected block intervals without normal production.

The halt affected blockchain activity rather than Robinhood’s conventional brokerage system. No evidence showed that customers lost access to U.S. stocks, exchange-traded funds, options, or other assets held in standard Robinhood brokerage accounts because of the chain interruption.

Block production is especially important for decentralized finance users. Without new blocks, traders cannot complete swaps, transfer collateral, repay loans or interact with smart contracts, even when their wallets continue displaying previously recorded balances.

Tokenized stock activity had climbed before the outage

The interruption arrived after a sharp increase in trading activity across Robinhood Chain. On Aug. 25, the network recorded approximately $945 million in daily decentralized exchange volume, according to a recent network analysis.

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Cumulative DEX volume had surpassed $47 billion since the July 1 launch, while its 30-day total reached approximately $15 billion. The data placed Robinhood Chain fifth among tracked networks by 30-day decentralized exchange volume, behind Solana, BNB Chain, Ethereum, and Base.

A separate Sept. 2 report found that RWA-linked trading volume had reached $390 million. By July 27, Robinhood had accumulated approximately 328,000 tokenized-equity holders, equal to around 44% of the 752,000 holders tracked across five large tokenized-stock platforms at the time.

Robinhood represented about $44 million of the tokenized assets in that comparison. Ondo held approximately $857 million, while xStocks accounted for about $487 million, showing that Robinhood’s holder count did not give it the largest value of tokenized assets.

Uniswap has operated as the chain’s primary public automated market maker since launch. Uniswap founder Hayden Adams said in late August that combined stock-token trading volume on Robinhood Chain had reached $1 billion.

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Robinhood Chain had also processed more than $12 billion in DEX volume and over 150 million transactions by the end of July, according to figures cited by Bernstein. The research firm used the figures when maintaining an Outperform rating and a $160 price target for Robinhood Markets.

HOOD shares fell as much as 5.1%

During Friday’s U.S. session, Robinhood Markets shares opened at $120.48 after closing at $124.72 on Thursday. HOOD then traded as low as $118.30, representing a decline of approximately 5.1% from the previous close.

Shares later recovered to around $122.81, cutting the daily loss to roughly 1.5%. Robinhood’s market data showed an intraday high of $124.60 and trading volume of 13.96 million shares, compared with an average daily volume of 24.82 million.

Available market data did not establish that the chain outage caused HOOD’s decline. The stock had already traded near $120 in the premarket session when reports of the network interruption appeared.

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Friday’s trading also followed a 16.6% rally in HOOD on Thursday, when the stock closed at $124.72. Analyst upgrades and Robinhood’s expanding product range had supported the previous session’s advance.

U.S. investors cannot access Robinhood Stock Tokens

Robinhood Stock Tokens remain unavailable to U.S. residents, even though many of the products track U.S.-listed companies. The company offers the tokens in eligible overseas markets as derivative contracts that provide economic exposure to the referenced securities.

Token holders are not shareholders of record and do not receive voting rights attached to the underlying stock. Robinhood has said that a U.S.-licensed institution holds assets supporting the contracts.

In July, two securities transfer groups asked the SEC to distinguish between issuer-approved tokenized securities and products created by unrelated platforms. Continental Stock Transfer & Trust Company and the Securities Transfer Association said third-party tokens may not establish a direct legal relationship between buyers and the company whose shares determine the token’s value.

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The groups also raised concerns about custody, shareholder records, voting, dividends, sanctions checks, and claims during insolvency. They asked the SEC to prioritize issuer-backed structures and impose investor safeguards before granting regulatory relief to unaffiliated stock-token products.

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Polygon co-founder launches Nepal crypto relief drive

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Polygon co-founder launches Nepal crypto relief drive

Polygon co-founder Sandeep Nailwal has launched a stablecoin donation channel for Nepal’s official disaster fund, with Blockchain for Impact pledging $100,000 to the campaign.

Summary

  • The campaign accepts cryptocurrency before converting the funds into Nepalese rupees for the government relief fund.
  • Polygon’s Open Money Stack, Coinme and Cross River Bank support the donation infrastructure.
  • Blockchain for Impact has committed $100,000 to the Nepal relief campaign.
  • The initiative follows separate Nepal relief commitments from Ripple and the Solana community.

Stablecoins provide a route into Nepal’s disaster fund

Sandeep Nailwal said in a Sep. 4 X post that he had opened a cryptocurrency donation route for people seeking to support relief and reconstruction in Nepal.

Rather than sending digital assets directly to a government-controlled wallet, the system collects cryptocurrency and converts the proceeds into Nepalese rupees. The local currency then enters the Prime Minister’s Disaster Relief Fund through recognized financial channels, according to Nailwal.

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Polygon’s Open Money Stack provides the routing, bridging and conversion infrastructure behind the campaign. Coinme and Cross River Bank are also supporting the payment pathway, while Blockchain for Impact has pledged $100,000.

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The campaign website says donors can contribute USDC through Ethereum or Polygon. Engage Nepal, a U.S.-based nonprofit organization, handles the collection and accounting process before delivering the converted funds to Nepal’s official disaster fund.

By accepting a dollar-backed stablecoin, the system avoids exposing the donated amount to the price swings associated with assets such as Bitcoin or Ether. Nailwal described stablecoins as suitable for cases in which money must reach people quickly, although the final transfer still relies on conversion services and conventional banking infrastructure.

Public blockchain records can show when a donation enters a listed wallet and when the assets move to another address. Nailwal’s announcement did not provide a schedule for converting the contributions or state when the government fund would receive each batch of proceeds.

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Nepal crypto donations follow a deadly flood

The fundraising drive follows severe flooding caused by a glacier collapse in the Himalayan region on Aug. 26. Ice, rock, mud, and other debris entered the mountain river system, sending floodwater through settlements and damaging roads, bridges, and power infrastructure.

Authorities had reported at least 750 deaths and more than 3,000 missing people across Nepal and China’s Tibet region by Aug. 30. Nepal accounted for 734 of the reported deaths and 2,498 of the missing, according to figures cited in a recent relief report.

The Red Cross estimated that more than 90,000 people had been affected. Flooding also isolated some communities from food, clean water, and emergency services, while hundreds of workers were believed to be trapped in damaged hydropower tunnels.

World Central Kitchen said local restaurant partners were providing meals in the Rasuwa and Nuwakot districts. Mercy Corps, which has worked in Nepal since 2005, began coordinating food, water, and sanitation assistance with local organizations and government agencies.

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Ripple committed $300,000 on Aug. 29 to support the work of both relief groups. The San Francisco-based blockchain company did not say whether XRP, its RLUSD stablecoin, or a conventional payment method would be used for the contribution.

Elsewhere in the crypto sector, the Solana Foundation and NFT marketplace Mallow sold nine advertising spaces on Solana’s X profile image through an auction. Bidders used USDC, and the organizers reported that the sale generated $166,946.50 for Nepal relief.

Under the auction process, Mallow was responsible for receiving the proceeds, moving them into USDC on Ethereum, and transferring the funds to Engage Nepal. The U.S. nonprofit would then deliver the money to the Prime Minister’s Disaster Relief Fund.

U.S. organizations handle part of the payment route

For donors in the United States, the Polygon-backed campaign uses several organizations operating within the country’s financial and nonprofit systems.

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Engage Nepal operates as a U.S.-based 501(c)(3) organization and is led by former U.S. Ambassador to Nepal Scott DeLisi. Its role connects public crypto wallets with a legal entity that can convert and transfer funds through channels recognized by Nepal’s government.

Cross River Bank adds a regulated banking component to the arrangement. The New Jersey-based institution provides financial services to fintech and payment companies, placing a conventional bank between the onchain collection system and the fiat transfer.

Coinme, another U.S. participant, operates cryptocurrency cash and payment infrastructure. Nailwal did not break down the duties assigned to Coinme or Cross River Bank, though he identified both as supporters of the campaign alongside Polygon’s Open Money Stack.

Nepal’s government has not listed a cryptocurrency address on its official disaster-relief donation page. Its established options include bank transfers, cards, remittance services, and international payment systems, which means the campaign serves as an intermediary for donors who hold digital assets.

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The structure also limits what blockchain records can prove. Onchain data can verify transactions involving the public donation wallet, but it cannot independently show how converted funds are spent after they enter a bank account or government relief program.

In response to the disaster, Nepalese officials have warned the public against unauthorized payment codes and personal accounts claiming to collect relief money. Donors using cryptocurrency face a similar verification issue because a public wallet address does not, by itself, confirm who controls it.

Nailwal returns to crypto-funded humanitarian work

The Nepal campaign extends Nailwal’s involvement in relief projects that began during India’s COVID-19 crisis in 2021. At the time, he created the India COVID-Crypto Relief Fund to collect digital assets from donors around the world.

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin later sent 50 trillion Shiba Inu tokens to the fund. The contribution was valued at about $1.2 billion when the transfer occurred, although converting a donation of that size required managing market liquidity, price volatility, and local rules.

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In June 2023, Buterin and Nailwal directed another $100 million toward COVID-19 research and medical infrastructure in India. Under the arrangement, Crypto Relief supplied $90 million in USDC, while Buterin contributed the remaining $10 million, as previously covered here.

Crypto Relief was later reworked into Blockchain for Impact, the organization now contributing $100,000 to the Nepal campaign. BFI has concentrated on healthcare, biomedical research, and public-health programs in India.

As crypto.news reported in March 2025, BFI had allocated over $90 million to healthcare and research programs while pledging another $200 million for future projects. Its plans included work with more than 15 medical colleges, support for 50 research projects, and programs involving over 600 researchers.

Nailwal said at the time that combining blockchain transparency with collaborative funding could help ensure “every dollar is accounted for and maximized for impact.”

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In his Nepal announcement, Nailwal also cited his personal connection to the region. Born in Kumaon in the Indian state of Uttarakhand, which borders Nepal, he said his maternal family came from the same area. Communities across the India–Nepal border have long maintained family, cultural, religious and commercial ties commonly described as roti-beti ka rishta, or a relationship built through shared livelihoods and marriage.

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3 Reasons Why Dogecoin (DOGE) Is Ready for a Breakout

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The OG meme coin has jumped by 5% over the past 24 hours following the renewed green wave sweeping through the broader cryptocurrency market.

According to Ali Martinez, several key factors suggest a much more substantial rally may unfold in the near future.

Ready to Breakout?

As of press time, DOGE is worth approximately $0.087 (per CoinGecko), representing a 24% increase over the past month. Martinez revealed that the asset’s Tom DeMark Sequential has flashed a buy signal on the daily timeframe, suggesting that the meme coin could be preparing to resume its uptrend.

His second optimistic element is the formation of a so-called “morning doji star” on the 24-hour chart. The analyst claimed that this reversal pattern usually occurs near the end of a downtrend, signaling that selling momentum may be fading as buyers step in.

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Next on Martinez’s list is whale activity. He disclosed that large holders have scooped up more than 400 million DOGE over the last five days, “adding meaningful buying pressure at current levels.”

The analyst opined that the accumulation has reinforced a major on-chain support near $0.0813, where almost 35 million units were previously traded.

“As long as this level holds, the bullish setup remains intact, with $0.1552 and $0.1774 as the next upside targets,” he concluded.

Interestingly, earlier this week, Martinez suggested that the $15 Dogecoin target he has been tracking for a long time was invalidated after the price briefly plunged below the lower boundary of the channel that had defined the thesis for such a potential explosion.

Additional Forecasts

Other X users who recently made DOGE predictions include Crypto With Gopal and Celal Kucuker. The former claimed the meme coin has formed a massive falling wedge, with the price compressing near the $0.08 support zone and sellers gradually losing momentum.

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He claimed that a breakout above the upper trendline (which sits at over $0.10) could trigger a major reversal toward the $0.40 target. “Bulls are waiting for confirmation – long-term sentiment is turning bullish,” the analyst added.

For their part, Celal Kucuker envisioned a 10x expansion in DOGE’s market cap, which could push the price to a new historic record beyond the $1 milestone.

The asset’s recent exchange netflow supports the bullish perspective. Over the past several days, outflows have outpaced inflows, indicating that investors have shifted from centralized platforms to self-custody, which in turn has reduced immediate selling pressure.

DOGE Exchange Netflow
DOGE Exchange Netflow, Source: CoinGlass

The post 3 Reasons Why Dogecoin (DOGE) Is Ready for a Breakout appeared first on CryptoPotato.

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CLARITY Act loses key law enforcement opponent

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CLARITY Act hits its final window on May 21

The National Sheriffs’ Association has withdrawn its opposition to the CLARITY Act, adopting a neutral position 12 days before the Senate’s scheduled Sep. 15 procedural vote.

Summary

  • The National Sheriffs’ Association changed its CLARITY Act position from opposition to neutral.
  • Its earlier objections focused on anti-money laundering rules for DeFi platforms and non-custodial software.
  • The Senate needs at least 60 votes to advance the bill through the Sept. 15 cloture vote.
  • House scheduling changes leave Congress little time to complete the legislation before the midterm elections.

Why the sheriffs withdrew their CLARITY Act opposition

The National Sheriffs’ Association said in a Sep. 3 letter to Senate Majority Leader John Thune and Minority Leader Chuck Schumer that it had changed its position on the Digital Asset Market Clarity Act from opposition to neutral.

NSA President Sheriff Troy Wellman and Executive Director Justin Smith said the bill covers a complex area in which lawmakers, the White House, and interested organizations have spent months considering unresolved details. The group decided that Congress should continue its work rather than face continued opposition from the sheriffs’ organization.

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“We believe the most appropriate course is to step back and allow the legislative process to proceed to establish a clear, effective, and much-needed regulatory framework,” Wellman and Smith wrote.

The letter removes a vocal law enforcement objection before senators decide whether to begin formal debate on the legislation. Neutrality does not amount to an endorsement, and the NSA did not say that all its earlier concerns had been resolved.

Instead, the organization recognized the work undertaken since it first challenged the bill and said remaining questions should be handled through negotiations. Its decision gives Senate leaders more room to discuss illicit-finance provisions without an active opposition campaign from one of the country’s main sheriffs’ groups.

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Law enforcement organizations had not taken a single position on the proposal. In July, the National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives endorsed the legislation, while the NSA and the International Association of Chiefs of Police raised concerns about its treatment of decentralized services and software developers. The dispute created a law enforcement split over whether the proposal would preserve investigators’ existing powers.

Section 604 drove the anti-money laundering dispute

In a May letter to the Senate Banking Committee, the NSA warned that Section 604 could provide what it called a “blanket exemption” from anti-money laundering requirements for mixers, tumblers and decentralized finance platforms.

The group argued that criminals could use developing software, algorithms, and agentic artificial intelligence to transfer crypto without traceable records or responsible intermediaries. According to its May assessment, such tools could assist money laundering, terrorism financing, and sanctions evasion.

“Some will use evolving software, algorithms, and agentic AI to help transfer digital assets without tracing or accountability, launder money, finance terrorism, and evade sanctions,” the organization wrote at the time.

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Section 604 addresses when developers and providers of non-custodial crypto software may be treated as money transmitters. Under the proposed protection, a developer who creates software without taking control of customer assets would not automatically face the licensing and Bank Secrecy Act duties imposed on a business that transmits funds for users.

Supporters have argued that publishing code is different from operating a financial service or controlling customer money. Law enforcement critics, however, have said the distinction could reduce the number of companies required to verify customers, file suspicious activity reports, and retain records that investigators can obtain through subpoenas.

After the NSA’s May warning, the White House invited concerned law enforcement organizations to discuss the proposal’s treatment of illicit finance. The meeting focused on objections involving DeFi, anti-money laundering enforcement, and the legal protections available to developers who do not hold user funds.

The Blockchain Association later disputed the NSA’s interpretation. In July, CEO Summer Mersinger called the measure an important consumer-protection effort, while the industry group maintained that businesses controlling customer funds would remain subject to financial-crime laws.

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Senate Republicans also released a 616-page merged draft on July 22. As crypto.news previously reported, the text combined provisions developed by the Senate Banking and Agriculture committees and added a law enforcement title alongside 25 sections dealing with sanctions and anti-money laundering gaps.

The CLARITY Act would divide SEC and CFTC oversight

H.R. 3633 would set federal rules for deciding whether a digital asset falls under the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Commodity Futures Trading Commission. The proposal would leave securities and investment contracts under SEC oversight while giving the CFTC authority over qualifying digital commodities and parts of the spot market.

For U.S. investors, the regulator assigned to an asset could determine the disclosure, trading, and customer-protection rules that apply to it. The legislation would also establish registration requirements for crypto businesses and create a process for qualifying networks to show that an asset should receive commodity treatment rather than remain governed as a security.

The House passed its version of the CLARITY Act by 294-134 in July 2025. In May 2026, the Senate Banking Committee advanced an amended proposal by a 15-9 vote, with two Democrats joining all 13 Republicans on the committee.

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Committee approval did not settle the bill’s path through the full Senate. Republicans hold 53 seats, while the chamber requires 60 votes to invoke cloture and overcome a filibuster. At least seven Democrats would therefore need to support the procedural motion if every Republican voted for it.

Several Democratic senators said in July that they wanted stronger language covering illicit finance, consumer protection, market integrity, and conflicts of interest. Their objections included the bill’s ethics rules for elected officials who hold crypto assets or maintain financial ties to digital-asset businesses.

Sen. Elizabeth Warren also criticized the July draft, saying its ethics provisions would still permit President Donald Trump to hold and trade crypto while taking official action on digital-asset policy. Warren’s statement said the text would not prevent Trump-affiliated entities or family members from launching crypto products that use his name or image.

Senate vote faces a shortened congressional calendar

Senate leaders delayed the vote in August after lawmakers failed to reach an agreement before leaving Washington for recess. Thune later filed a cloture motion on the motion to proceed, setting up a Sept. 15 vote that could open formal consideration of the legislation.

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Clearing cloture would not pass the CLARITY Act. Senators could still debate the proposal, offer amendments, and hold more procedural votes before deciding whether to approve the full bill.

SEC Chair Paul Atkins said on Sept. 2 that he expected movement within two weeks as the Senate prepared for the procedural test. Atkins has also said the SEC can pursue crypto exemptions and other rule changes under its existing legal powers if Congress does not enact the bill.

Separate SEC work includes a proposed framework that would address token offerings, disclosure requirements, and the conditions under which some crypto assets may leave securities status. Agency rules can be revised by later SEC leadership, while an act of Congress would establish requirements in federal law.

Even if senators approve an amended version, the House would need to accept the changes or negotiate a common text with the Senate before the proposal could reach the president. House Republican leaders have canceled voting sessions during the weeks of Sept. 21 and Sept. 28, leaving Sept. 17 as the chamber’s final scheduled voting day before lawmakers depart for the November midterm election campaign.

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Kalshi US Visits Surge 1,500% Amid Growing Regulatory Scrutiny

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Crypto Breaking News

Kalshi’s rapid expansion in the U.S. is showing up clearly in web-traffic data, even as the company’s core business—event and prediction contracts—continues to face mounting legal scrutiny. According to Similarweb estimates reviewed by Cointelegraph, Kalshi logged 15.4 million visits from the United States in July, a dramatic jump from just under 1 million in August 2025.

The U.S. share of Kalshi’s traffic also remains dominant. In July, U.S. visitors accounted for nearly 80% of all visits, up from 72.8% in August 2025—an indicator that Kalshi’s growth is heavily concentrated in one market even as it draws some interest from elsewhere.

Key takeaways

  • Kalshi reported 15.4 million U.S. visits in July, up roughly 1,520% from just under 1 million in August 2025, according to Similarweb estimates reviewed by Cointelegraph.
  • U.S. traffic made up nearly 80% of Kalshi’s visits in July, rising from 72.8% in August 2025, showing continued concentration in the United States.
  • Notional trading volume grew even faster than traffic, reaching about $40 billion in August versus $874 million a year earlier, per Dune Analytics.
  • Sports-related contracts represented the majority of Kalshi trading activity in July, with sports accounting for 83% of volume, Barron’s reported.
  • Canada and the UK generated meaningful traffic increases despite member-agreement restrictions, Cointelegraph reports it did not receive comment from Kalshi.

Traffic spikes, but trading is scaling faster

Web traffic has accelerated alongside Kalshi’s broader rise in prediction-market activity, but the trading numbers suggest the platform is expanding more sharply in market participation than in simple interest. Dune Analytics’ prediction market dashboard indicates Kalshi reached roughly $40 billion in monthly notional trading volume in August, compared with $874 million a year earlier—an increase of about 4,500%.

That same period also saw volume grow across the wider prediction-market sector, with monthly notional volume rising to $50.7 billion from about $2 billion. Kalshi accounted for nearly 79% of that latest total, underscoring that its platform has become the center of gravity for the industry’s trading flows as activity expands.

The composition of those trades matters, too. Barron’s reported Thursday that sports contracts were responsible for 83% of Kalshi’s trading volume in July. That detail is especially relevant given the legal backdrop: the dispute over whether certain contracts are regulated under federal authorities versus state gambling frameworks has repeatedly focused on the nature of the underlying events and how they should be classified.

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Legal pressure remains tied to sports event contracts

Kalshi’s growth is unfolding while regulators and courts argue over the boundaries of oversight for prediction markets. The company’s expansion has been followed by increasing legal attention to whether its sports contracts are subject to federal supervision or fall within state gambling restrictions.

Earlier, Cointelegraph highlighted the fact that New Jersey has taken the dispute to the U.S. Supreme Court. The timing of Kalshi’s traffic and trading surge—at a moment when the legal process is still actively shaping how the business can operate—adds a layer of risk management pressure for users and counterparties watching what regulatory outcome could change market access.

Restricted jurisdictions still generate growing interest

Kalshi’s growth outside the United States is more modest, but the data shows that additional regions are contributing more visits than a year earlier. Canada generated about 450,000 visits in July, up from roughly 50,000 in August 2025. The UK increased to 296,000 visits from 31,000 over the same period.

These increases are notable because Kalshi’s member agreement currently prohibits users in certain jurisdictions from directly accessing or trading on the platform. Cointelegraph points to Kalshi’s published terms, which include restrictions on direct access and trading for members in jurisdictions where participation is not permitted.

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In Canada’s case, Kalshi has also pursued an access pathway through partnerships. The company partnered with Canadian financial services firm Wealthsimple in June to provide access to nearly 4,000 eligible Kalshi contracts via a separate app. That arrangement may help explain why visits from Canada and other regions can rise even when direct platform participation is restricted.

Still, the traffic mix shifted in ways that complicate any simple read of demand. From August 2025 to July 2026, Canada’s share of Kalshi traffic slipped to 2.3% from 3.8%, while the UK’s share fell to 1.5% from 2.4%—even as visits from both countries increased in absolute terms. In other words, the rest of Kalshi’s user base grew so quickly that Canada and the UK lost relative share, despite higher traffic levels.

Cointelegraph said it reached out to Kalshi for comment about the traffic patterns from restricted jurisdictions, but did not receive a response by publication.

What investors and users should watch next

Kalshi’s surge in both U.S. attention and notional trading volume suggests demand for prediction contracts is scaling quickly, particularly in sports-linked markets. The next key variable is whether the legal pressure around classification and regulatory authority produces operational constraints—or clarity—that could affect market access and how quickly growth in restricted or regulated categories can continue.

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Is Craig Wright Satoshi? A $70 Million Movie and a High Court Judge Disagree

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Mark Karpelès

The Bitcoin movie, now in post-production, tells Craig Wright’s version of the Satoshi Nakamoto story. Former Mt. Gox chief Mark Karpelès answered by pointing viewers toward the court record instead.

Doug Liman directs the $70 million production. Casey Affleck plays Wright, while AI versions of Mark Zuckerberg, Jeff Bezos, and Jack Dorsey appear on screen. Gal Gadot, Calvin Ayre, Pete Davidson and Isla Fisher are star casts of the movie.

Why the Bitcoin Movie Splits Bitcoiners

Karpelès, who ran Mt. Gox until its 2014 collapse, replied to a thread mocking Wright’s supporters. His instruction was blunt. He told readers to link bitcoin.movie.

Mark Karpelès
Mark Karpelès. Source: X

That page names no author. However, it leans entirely on public judgments, and it argues that the film inverts what judges actually found.

Artificial intelligence built the sets. Actors performed on a bare stage while software generated the environments, which producer Ryan Kavanaugh calls a big cost saving.

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The timing matters. Bitcoin’s origin story keeps returning to the headlines, and each fresh claim travels fast. In April, a New York Times investigation named Blockstream CEO Adam Back, who denied it. Back has since challenged recent Satoshi documentary claims and the weight placed on early Bitcoin forum posts.

What the Court Actually Found

The Bitcoin movie frames Wright as a man hunted by powerful enemies. In 2024, however, the High Court of England and Wales ruled that he did not write the Bitcoin white paper and did not create the network. Mr Justice Mellor found forgery on a grand scale.

“Dr Wright lied to the Court extensively and repeatedly.” Mr Justice Mellor, judgment.

A contempt finding followed in December 2024. Wright drew a suspended 12-month sentence after filing a £900 billion claim against Bitcoin developers and companies.

Wright also has a history with Karpelès. In 2020, his lawyers claimed ownership of coins sitting in two hacked Mt. Gox wallets.

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Despite that record, Wright still posts. His recent governance critique argued that Bitcoin’s base rules should never change.

Calvin Ayre, Wright’s longtime financial backer, reportedly helped fund the film. That gives the money behind the production a stake in the claim it dramatizes. Sellers pitched it at the Cannes market in April. No distributor has signed on since, so no release date exists.

Bitcoin’s origin story has drawn claimants, documentaries and lawsuits for years. Now it draws Hollywood money as well. The Bitcoin movie adds another version of events, not an answer.

The post Is Craig Wright Satoshi? A $70 Million Movie and a High Court Judge Disagree appeared first on BeInCrypto.

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Pendle launches on Robinhood Chain with sNET market

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Is there a Robinhood Chain token?

Pendle has launched its first yield-trading market on Robinhood Chain, giving sNET holders access to fixed and variable yield positions until the market matures on Sept. 17, 2026.

Summary

  • Pendle has deployed on Robinhood Chain with sNET as its first supported market.
  • The sNET market will let users separate and trade principal and future yield.
  • Robinhood Chain launched on July 1 as an Ethereum Layer 2 built with Arbitrum technology.
  • Pendle held about $1.23 billion in total value locked at the time of reporting.

Pendle opens its first Robinhood Chain market

Pendle said in a Sep. 4 announcement that its protocol is now live on Robinhood Chain, adding fixed-yield products and yield trading to the network’s decentralized finance ecosystem.

The deployment begins with one sNET market scheduled to mature on Sept. 17. Pendle did not identify the assets planned for subsequent markets or provide a timetable for adding them, saying only that more products would arrive as the ecosystem develops.

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Issued by NetNet Capital, sNET is the staked form of NET, a reserve-backed token native to Robinhood Chain. NetNet’s public materials describe the protocol as a reserve manager for NET, with a treasury containing assets that include the USDG stablecoin. Users who stake NET receive sNET and become eligible for distributions generated under the protocol’s staking model.

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NetNet also uses bond sales to acquire assets for its treasury. Its model draws from reserve-backed token systems in which market participants exchange selected assets for discounted NET, while the protocol controls the deposited liquidity. NetNet has described USDG as one of the assets held in the treasury, although the value of NET and returns from sNET remain exposed to the protocol’s reserves, market structure and smart contracts.

Adding sNET to Pendle allows traders to separate the asset’s principal from the yield it may generate before Sept. 17. The structure turns a single yield-bearing position into components that users can trade according to their expectations for future returns.

How Pendle splits sNET principal and yield

According to Pendle’s documentation, the protocol wraps supported yield-bearing assets through its Standardized Yield format before dividing a position into Principal Tokens and Yield Tokens.

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A Principal Token, commonly shown as PT, represents the underlying principal that becomes redeemable when the market reaches maturity. PT can also trade before that date, allowing a buyer to purchase the future principal at the prevailing market price.

Yield Tokens, or YT, provide the right to yield generated by the underlying asset until maturity. Holders can claim accrued returns through Pendle’s interface, but YT stops earning once the market expires. Its remaining value, therefore, declines as maturity approaches unless changes in the underlying rate or incentives support demand.

For the sNET market, the Sept. 17 date establishes when PT becomes redeemable and YT stops collecting returns. Traders who buy PT can seek an implied fixed return by holding the position through maturity, while YT buyers take exposure to changes in sNET’s yield during the remaining term.

Pendle calculates the implied annual percentage yield from the relative prices of PT and YT. Although the platform describes the rate available through PT as a fixed APY, its terms state that the figure is an implied annualized return based on the purchase price and an assumption that the position remains open until maturity. It is not a contractual guarantee.

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Buying YT can amplify exposure because a trader pays for the yield component rather than the full underlying asset. Pendle warns in its documentation that long-yield returns can be negative when the income collected before maturity falls below the amount paid for YT.

Liquidity providers face a different mix of returns. Pendle says its pools contain PT and Standardized Yield assets, with providers potentially receiving swap fees, underlying yield, an implied return from PT, and protocol incentives where available.

Robinhood Chain adds another DeFi protocol

Robinhood opened the chain’s public mainnet on July 1 as a permissionless Ethereum Layer 2 built using Arbitrum technology. The network uses ETH for transaction fees, supports Ethereum-compatible wallets, and posts transaction data to Ethereum.

Its first group of infrastructure and trading partners included Uniswap, Pleiades, Alchemy, BitGo, and Chainlink. Robinhood said the network was designed for tokenized financial assets, lending, trading, and applications that can use real-world assets inside smart contracts.

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Robinhood Crypto executive Johann Kerbrat said during the mainnet announcement that decentralized finance had offered functions unavailable in traditional markets but had historically required technical knowledge to use.

“We’re bringing the best of traditional finance and DeFi together, and in doing so, expanding financial ownership to every corner of the globe.”

Activity grew quickly after the launch. As crypto.news previously reported, Robinhood Chain processed about $945 million in decentralized exchange volume on Aug. 25, up from its former daily record of $563 million on July 8. Cumulative DEX volume exceeded $47 billion in less than two months, while total value locked reached roughly $1.4 billion by late August.

Uniswap has served as a major liquidity venue since the mainnet opened. In August, its stock-token volume passed $1 billion, covering combined swaps across several tokenized equities rather than deposits or activity from a single asset.

Robinhood Chain generated $4.01 million in application revenue from $4.45 million in fees on Sept. 2, according to a recent revenue report. The DeFiLlama snapshot placed it above Solana, Ethereum and Tron for the measured day, although much of the fee activity came from trading applications and memecoin platforms rather than tokenized stocks.

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Robinhood has covered gas costs for eligible transactions completed through Robinhood Wallet during a 90-day promotion that began with the mainnet launch. The subsidy is scheduled to end around Sept. 29, while people using third-party wallets already pay network fees in ETH.

U.S. access depends on the product

Robinhood describes its blockchain as permissionless, meaning users can connect with supported self-custody wallets without opening a Robinhood brokerage account. The company also states that activity on the network remains separate from investments and balances held through its brokerage and centralized crypto services.

Product restrictions still apply at the application and asset levels. Robinhood says its Stock Tokens are unavailable to U.S. residents even though they track companies listed on American exchanges, including Apple, Alphabet, and Nvidia.

Stock Tokens are debt securities issued by Robinhood Assets Jersey Limited and provide economic exposure to referenced securities. Robinhood’s disclosures state that token holders do not gain legal or beneficial ownership of the underlying shares, including shareholder voting rights.

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Pendle’s announcement did not say whether its sNET market carries geographic restrictions or whether Robinhood Wallet will surface the product directly to American users. Access through the permissionless network does not establish that a particular interface or financial product is legally available in every jurisdiction.

Pendle expands its multichain presence

Before the Robinhood Chain deployment, Pendle operated across networks including Ethereum, Arbitrum, BNB Chain, Base, Mantle, Optimism, HyperEVM, Monad and Plasma. Its earlier Plasma expansion introduced five markets tied to assets such as USDe, sUSDe, USDai, and syrupUSDT.

DefiLlama data showed approximately $1.23 billion locked across Pendle products at the time of reporting, with Ethereum accounting for more than half of the total. The data provider also recorded about $542 million in Pendle decentralized exchange volume during the previous 30 days.

PENDLE traded near $1.90 on Sept. 4, rising about 1.2% over 24 hours and 9.1% across seven days. Its market capitalization stood near $327 million, based on roughly 172 million tokens in circulation.

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NetNet’s NET changed hands near $1,012 on the same day, according to CoinGecko, after trading between approximately $863 and $1,371 over 24 hours. The data provider placed its circulating market capitalization near $4.5 million and identified NET-USDG on Uniswap V4 as its most active trading pair.

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Nvidia director Mark Stevens sold a record $411M of stock

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Nvidia director Mark Stevens sold a record $411M of stock

Billionaire Nvidia director Mark Stevens sold $410.84 million of the chipmaker’s stock across three days this week and didn’t even bother to note any predetermined trading plan or reason for his disposal.

It was the largest insider Nvidia stock sale in history by dollar value, clearing the previous record by $175 million.

He disclosed his sales on a single SEC Form 4 with his Third Millennium Trust executing seven separate transactions. Stevens and his wife are co-trustees of Third Millennium Trust.

Stevens’ trust sold 585,000 NVDA shares on Monday, 63,501 on Tuesday, and 1.2 million on Wednesday. All told, Stevens disposed of 1,848,501 NVDA at a weighted average price of $222.26, netting him approximately $411 million.

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CEO Jensen Huang has sold more absolute stock across a much longer time period — $713 million from June 14 through September 12, 2024 — but across a contiguous series of days, Stevens sold the most this week.

Moreover, as discussed below, he has filed his intention to imminently dump even more shares.

His three-day selling spree exceeds all other NVDA insider sales that Protos staff could electronically retrieve from the SEC website as well as the insider trading monitoring services OpenInsider and InsiderScreener.

Interestingly, electronic SEC Form 4 filing became mandatory only in mid-2003, and Nvidia IPO’d in 1999.

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Stevens’ massive sales overtook the self-enrichment record from Tench Coxe, another Nvidia director who took the record with a 2024 sale. Coxe’s September 2024 filing reported $235.74 million of stock sales across two days. 

Stevens sold 74% more this week. And he might be selling even more.

Read more: Crypto miners blamed for Nvidia GPU price hikes — again

An Nvidia insider selling record, with plans to sell more

Separately, Stevens notified the SEC on Wednesday of an additional proposed sale of up to $1.09 billion more NVDA, which would shatter his own record earlier this week.

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For these additional 5 million shares, he named Merrill Lynch as broker with Stevens’ Third Millennium Trust and his 970 Foundation as sellers.

Importantly, the 970 Foundation is a registered charity, so any of its sales would not go to Stevens personally. Stevens form didn’t specify the mix of proposed shares from Third Millennium Trust relative to the 970 Foundation.

Wednesday’s Form 144 records his entities’ intention to sell. It allowed him to sell as early as September 2, but it doesn’t establish that all 5 million shares actually sold. 

Stevens’ filing did not identify his sales prior to Wednesday as predetermined transactions under a SEC Rule 10b5-1(c) trading plan. That detail, however, doesn’t prove Stevens lacked another grandfathered, pre-2023 trading arrangement.

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Trezor says mailing breach leaked 67K more users than first thought

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Trezor says mailing breach leaked 67K more users than first thought

Crypto hardware wallet Trezor says it’s “terribly sorry” after revealing today that another 67,000 US users were leaked in last month’s mailing partner breach. This brings the total number of affected users to over 80,000.

Trezor initially revealed last month that the personal details of 13,689 of its customers had been leaked after bad actors infiltrated ShipMonk’s systems. 

At the time, Trezor downplayed the scale of the incident by claiming its 90-day data policy, which its partners follow, deleted old user data and helped mitigate the leak. 

However, Trezor now claims that this policy was never enforced, and that the data was never deleted. 

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“Throughout our entire relationship with ShipMonk, we repeatedly requested and received written assurance confirming the deletion of the data, in line with our contract, data policy, and past communications,” Trezor claimed. 

Read more: If you filled in a form from Trezor, you may have to change your wallet

It added, “We’re terribly sorry to everyone affected. We take this matter very seriously and are working to ship anonymous delivery ASAP, so you can protect your personal information when placing an order.”

Leaks such as this one can lead to criminals targeting crypto users thanks to the extra information they have at hand to tailor their attacks. 

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Trezor says it did not expect further leaks

Trezor told Protos that it’s too early to decide what it will do in repsonse to ShipMonk’s actions and that it’s working to arrange an additional audit of the mailing partner.

The company claims that on August 10, ShipMonk made it aware of the initial leak that covered orders within the last 90 days. It then informed Trezor on September 2 that the leak actually went back to 2019 and 2021.

“Our understanding is that our cooperation from those years was overlooked when the original scope was established,” Trezor said.

When asked why it took ShipMonk to reveal the further leaks, Trezor claims it had “no reason to expect it” thanks to ShipMonk’s repeated assurances.

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Trezor initially reached out to Protos last month to reveal the details of the leak, but it hasn’t done so this time around.

When asked why, it said, “The information is public and it is not behind anything. Our priority was reaching the people actually affected.”

Got a tip? Send us an email securely via Protos Leaks. For more informed news and investigations, follow us on XBluesky, and Google News, or subscribe to our YouTube channel.

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Weekly Market Insights with Gary Thomson: ECB Interest Rate, US Inflation, and UK GDP

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Weekly Market Insights with Gary Thomson: ECB Interest Rate, US Inflation, and UK GDP

Three key economic events could shape market sentiment in the second week of September: the ECB interest rate decision, the latest UK GDP data and US inflation figures.

In this video, Gary Thomson looks at what these releases could mean for monetary policy expectations and major currency, gold and equity markets.

👉 Key topics covered:

✔️ ECB Interest Rate Decision — 10 September — Markets are pricing in a 25-basis-point rate hike after Eurozone inflation accelerated to 3.3%. With the move largely expected, the ECB’s guidance on future policy could be more important for the euro.

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✔️ UK GDP — 11 September — The UK economy grew by 0.4% in Q2, while June GDP expanded by 0.3%. Could the latest data confirm the resilience of the UK economy or point to a loss of momentum?

✔️ US Inflation — 11 September — US annual inflation slowed to 3.4% in July, while core inflation eased to 2.5%. The latest figures could influence expectations for the Federal Reserve’s next policy move and trigger volatility across USD pairs, gold and equity indices.

With both the ECB and Federal Reserve facing important monetary policy decisions, traders will be watching closely for any signals that could change expectations for future interest rates.

💬 Don’t forget to like, comment, and subscribe for more market insights every week.

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Watch it now and stay updated with FXOpen.


This article represents the opinion of the Companies operating under the FXOpen brand only. It is not to be construed as an offer, solicitation, or recommendation with respect to products and services provided by the Companies operating under the FXOpen brand, nor is it to be considered financial advice.

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U.S. Sheriff’s association shifts opposition stance to Clarity Act to 'neutral'

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U.S. Sheriff’s association shifts opposition stance to Clarity Act to 'neutral'


The law enforcement association said it has pivoted its position regarding the Clarity Act to neutral, months after it warned against a law it said would shield crypto crime.

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