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Space Data Centers: Google, Amazon, and Meta Poised for Orbital Testing

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Nexo Partners with Bakkt for US Crypto Exchange and Yield Programs

Key Takeaways

  • Launch costs need to plummet to under $300/kg from current rates of $1,500–$3,600/kg before space-based data centers become economically feasible
  • Building a 1-GW orbital facility would exceed $100B at today’s prices, compared to $35B–$50B for terrestrial alternatives
  • BNP Paribas predicts Google, Amazon, and Meta will conduct initial pilot programs once economic barriers decrease
  • Elon Musk projects space will become the “most economically compelling” location for AI infrastructure in 30–36 months
  • Starcloud, backed by Nvidia, successfully deployed the first Nvidia H100 GPU to orbit in November 2025

Orbital data centers are transitioning from speculative concept to serious strategic consideration. A recent analysis from investment bank BNP Paribas explores this emerging possibility, though the firm concludes current economics remain prohibitive.

With present-day launch expenses ranging from $1,500 to $3,600 per kilogram, constructing a 1-gigawatt space-based data center would exceed $100 billion in total costs. By comparison, an equivalent terrestrial installation runs between $35 billion and $50 billion.

According to BNP analyst Nick Jones, the bank considers orbital data centers unfeasible as a “viable near- to medium-term solution.” Jones pointed to prohibitive launch expenses, costly space-rated components, and complex challenges surrounding thermal management and power systems in the vacuum of space.

BNP’s analysis indicates that launch costs must decrease below $300 per kilogram for the concept to achieve economic feasibility. This represents a substantial reduction from current market rates.

Should costs reach that threshold, BNP anticipates Google, Amazon, and Meta will be positioned as frontrunners to conduct preliminary proof-of-concept trials with orbital computing platforms. The bank’s report did not specify a projected timeframe for this development.

The Energy Challenge Driving Space Solutions

The motivation for orbital infrastructure stems largely from AI’s escalating power requirements. Terrestrial data centers are consuming electricity at unprecedented levels. According to Department of Energy figures, US data centers represented approximately 4.4% of the nation’s total electricity usage as of 2023.

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McKinsey projects that satisfying global data center demand through 2030 will necessitate $6.7 trillion in infrastructure investment. Technology sector capital expenditures are forecast to reach $600 billion in 2026, with Amazon alone committing $200 billion to expansion.

Elon Musk has positioned space-based computing as central to SpaceX’s long-term vision. He’s projected that within 30 to 36 months, orbital environments will become the “most economically compelling place” for AI computing infrastructure. SpaceX aims to deploy a constellation comprising one million satellites functioning as orbital data centers, each producing approximately 100 kilowatts of computational capacity per ton.

Musk’s rationale centers less on operational cost savings and more on energy accessibility. He’s highlighted that electrical generation outside China has remained essentially stagnant, creating uncertainty about power sourcing for new terrestrial data center development.

SpaceX Advances Beyond Planning Phase

SpaceX has progressed from conceptual discussions to active recruitment. Michael Nicolls, who serves as vice president of Starlink Engineering, announced via X that the company is filling “many critical engineering roles” supporting space-based data center initiatives, including a Space Lasers Engineer position located in Redmond, Washington.

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The company revealed plans to acquire Musk’s AI venture xAI, emphasizing orbital AI infrastructure as a strategic long-term objective.

Proof-of-Concept Missions Underway

In November 2025, Nvidia-supported startup Starcloud achieved a milestone by deploying the first Nvidia H100 GPU to orbit aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 launch vehicle. The Starcloud-1 satellite weighed approximately 60 kilograms — comparable to a compact refrigerator.

Starcloud’s ultimate vision encompasses a 5-gigawatt orbital data center spanning roughly 4 kilometers, equipped with extensive solar arrays and thermal management panels.

BNP acknowledged that long-term technological improvements in satellite communications, cooling architectures, and photovoltaic systems could eventually narrow the operational cost gap between orbital and ground-based data center facilities.

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Crypto World

Friday’s eth.limo Hijack Caused by Social Engineering on EasyDNS

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Friday’s eth.limo Hijack Caused by Social Engineering on EasyDNS

Ethereum Name Service gateway eth.limo has revealed that the domain hijacking on Friday was caused by a social engineering attack directed against EasyDNS, its domain name service provider. 

According to a postmortem published by eth.limo on Saturday, an attacker impersonated one of its team members to initiate an account recovery process with easyDNS, granting access to the eth.limo account and allowing them to alter domain settings.

“The NS records were changed and directed to Cloudflare… Once we understood that a DNS hijack had taken place, we immediately notified the community as well as Vitalik Buterin and others. We then began contacting EasyDNS in an attempt to respond to the incident,” the company said.

Eth.limo serves as a Web2 bridge, providing access to around 2 million decentralized websites using the .eth domain name. Hijacking the service could allow an attacker to redirect users to malicious websites. Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin warned users Friday to avoid his blog until the incident was resolved.

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Mark Jeftovic, CEO of easyDNS, has publicly accepted responsibility for the incident in its own postmortem report. 

“We screwed up and we own it,” said Jeftovic on Saturday. 

“This would mark the first successful social engineering attack against an easyDNS client in our 28-year history. There have been countless attempts.”  

Both companies have pointed to the Domain Name System Security Extension (DNSSEC) in thwarting the hacker’s attempts to do further damage. 

The attacker couldn’t produce valid cryptographic signatures, so Domain Name System resolvers rejected the attacker’s forged DNS responses, causing users to see error messages instead of being redirected to malicious sites. 

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“DNSSEC was enabled for their domain when the attackers attempted to flip their nameservers, presumably to effect some manner of phishing or malware injection attack, DNSSEC-aware resolvers, which most are these days, began dropping queries,” Jeftovic said. 

Source: eth.limo

In its postmortem, eth.limo noted that because the attacker lacked the signing keys, they were unable to bypass the safeguards, which likely “reduced the blast radius of the hijack. We are not aware of any user impact at this time. We will provide updates if that changes.”

easyDNS makes changes since the attack

Jeftovic described the social engineering attack as “highly sophisticated,” and said easyDNS is still conducting a post-mortem on how the breach occurred, and has already begun rolling out changes to prevent a recurrence.

Source: easyDNS

“In eth.limo’s case, we will be migrating them to Domainsure, which has a security posture more suited toward enterprise and high-value fintech domains, TLDR there is no mechanism for an account recovery on Domainsure, it’s not a thing,” he added.

“On behalf of everyone here, I apologize to the eth.limo team and the wider Ethereum community. ENS has always had a special place in our heart as the first registrar to enable ENS linking to web2 domains and we’ve been involved in the space since 2017.”

Related: RaveDAO denies manipulation as Binance, Bitget probe RAVE trading activity

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The eth.limo incident is the latest in a series of domain hijackings targeting crypto projects. Days earlier, decentralized exchange aggregator CoW Swap lost control of its website after an unknown party hijacked its domain. 

Steakhouse Financial, a DeFi advisory and research firm, similarly disclosed at the end of March that it had lost control of its domain to an attacker.

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