Ethereum developers have confirmed an Oct. 6 Glamsterdam activation on Sepolia while warning that cheap test ether could let malicious builders repeatedly win block auctions and withhold their transaction payloads during the public test phase.

Ethereum’s Sept. 17 All Core Developers Consensus transcript shows participants accepted the Oct. 6 date after reviewing recent Glamsterdam devnet results, though developers simultaneously raised concerns about how Enshrined Proposer-Builder Separation could behave on a public network where test ETH carries no meaningful economic cost.

Ethereum Glamsterdam test could face cheap builder attacks

At the center of the warning is EIP-7732, Glamsterdam’s Enshrined Proposer-Builder Separation design. Ethereum.org describes ePBS as a protocol change that separates the job of assembling transaction payloads from the validator’s consensus duties, moving a relationship that currently relies heavily on external infrastructure into Ethereum’s consensus rules.

Under the design, builders can submit bids for the right to supply an execution payload. Once a proposer commits to the winning bid, the builder is expected to release the transactions behind it. Ethereum’s consensus specification defines builders as separate staked actors that submit signed execution-payload bids before broadcasting the corresponding payload envelope.

During Thursday’s developer call, consensus developer Potuz warned that the economics change on a testnet because attackers can obtain test ETH without paying its mainnet market value. A malicious operator could create many builder identities, submit bids far above legitimate competitors and then refuse to provide the promised payload after winning.

“I can just spin up a thousand builders,” Potuz said, explaining that the attacker could rotate them, bid aggressively and withhold payloads. He later added, “Any teenager can do this.”

The developer framed the concern as a public-testnet availability problem, not a new route to steal mainnet ETH. On mainnet, a participant can already pay to produce an empty block, but the economic cost of obtaining block space limits the behavior. Test ETH makes persistent disruption much cheaper.

Clients may need builder-level circuit breakers

Existing safeguards may not be sufficient for the Sepolia environment. Potuz told developers that some client circuit breakers fall back to locally built blocks only after several payloads are missed, while he was not aware of universal protections that could reject individual abusive builders.

His concern centered on attackers returning under fresh identities. Even if a client reacts to missing payloads, disposable builders could continue bidding unless the defensive logic identifies and restricts the behavior quickly enough.

Developers did not present the builder attack as a confirmed exploit against Sepolia. The discussion concerned a scenario they expect public testing could expose once outsiders can participate under ePBS conditions. Potuz argued that Ethereum’s testnets need stronger safeguards because application and infrastructure teams rely on them to test software against functioning blocks.

Ethereum.org notes that Sepolia uses a permissioned validator set controlled by client and testing teams, while Hoodi has an open validator set intended for staking and protocol testing. Sepolia’s structure gives Ethereum developers more operational control if the first long-lived public Glamsterdam deployment encounters problems.

As previously reported by crypto.news, developers had tentatively selected Oct. 6 before the latest call, with the date still dependent on another stable private-devnet transition. The Sept. 17 consensus call moved that timetable forward after Devnet-11 completed its scheduled fork rehearsal.

Devnet-11 tested 200 million gas before Sepolia

Glamsterdam Devnet-11 was created as a controlled “happy-path” rehearsal rather than an adversarial attack network. Its official specification scheduled genesis for Sept. 14, the Gloas transition for Sept. 16 and a block gas-limit increase from 60 million to 200 million shortly afterward.

The test network used 84,000 validators across a multi-client configuration and carried the same core EIP set planned for Glamsterdam testing. Its organizers explicitly excluded deliberate attacks from the Devnet-11 scope, keeping adversarial experiments on the longer-running Platåberget environment.

CoinDesk reported that Devnet-11 completed the transition and moved the gas limit toward 200 million without losing finality. The 200 million setting is a test parameter, not a confirmed mainnet gas-limit commitment.

Ethereum’s own Glamsterdam roadmap says the upgrade is designed to increase Layer 1 capacity while changing how blocks are built and verified. EIP-7732 extends the execution-payload propagation window from roughly two seconds to around nine seconds, giving nodes more time to distribute and validate larger payloads.

The upgrade includes Block-Level Access Lists and a series of gas-pricing changes as well. Earlier Glamsterdam compatibility coverage reported that wallets, indexers and gas estimators using fixed assumptions can require changes because new-account creation and some state-heavy operations receive different gas treatment under the planned fork.

A separate smart-contract risk review found that contracts using fixed gas stipends or gas-sensitive execution patterns may require testing before the upgrade reaches mainnet.

Sepolia client review window falls to seven days

The Oct. 6 schedule gives client teams less review time than Ethereum’s normal upgrade process recommends.

During the Sept. 17 call, developer Fredrik Svantes told participants that the standard process calls for at least 14 days between release-ready client software and the first public testnet activation. He said those two weeks are normally used for internal security reviews, bug-bounty exposure and possible external security work.

With Sepolia approaching, developers discussed a Sept. 29 latest date for client releases. Seven days between Sept. 29 and Oct. 6 would leave half of the normal review period. Participants accepted that risk for Sepolia partly because its validator set is relatively centralized and the network can be recovered more easily if software breaks.

Core developer Alex Stokes urged teams to release software earlier where possible so more reviewers could examine it. Once release-ready clients are available, they can enter Ethereum’s bug-bounty process immediately.

The compressed schedule follows several earlier testing problems. A Sept. 3 developer agenda recorded non-finality during the Devnet-8 Gloas activation affecting multiple consensus clients, while later Devnet testing examined fixes and additional edge cases.

Another testing call recorded problems in which a Platåberget scenario knocked 12 of 13 Besu nodes offline and slowed Erigon and Ethrex nodes. Devnet-9 experienced unplanned non-finality, pushing teams into further iterations before Devnet-11.

Mainnet activation still has no confirmed date

Ethereum’s public roadmap continues to list Glamsterdam for the fourth quarter of 2026 but states that the mainnet date has not been confirmed. The next published milestone is the Oct. 6 Sepolia fork.

Hoodi is expected to follow Sepolia because it provides an open validator environment for staking and upgrade testing. Developers discussed the Hoodi stage during the Sept. 17 call but tied its timing to Sepolia’s progress, meaning problems on the first public testnet could move subsequent dates.

Ethereum’s draft mainnet incident-response plan still contains no activation epoch or timestamp. The document instead leaves the upgrade information fields blank while listing the client and coordination roles that will be filled before mainnet deployment.

As earlier crypto.news Glamsterdam coverage reported, the upgrade centers on ePBS, Block-Level Access Lists and gas repricing designed for higher Layer 1 throughput. Developers have continued treating successful multi-client testing as a prerequisite before setting the mainnet fork.

For now, client teams face the Sept. 29 software deadline discussed on the call, followed by Sepolia’s Oct. 6 activation. Ethereum developers have not published a mainnet epoch or final activation timestamp.

Circle has introduced Arc Studio, an AI coding agent that generates full stack onchain applications, smart contracts and agents from natural language prompts.

According to an Arc announcement on Sept. 17, Studio can produce frontend interfaces, backend logic and smart contracts from a description of what a user wants to build, with generated applications available for testing across nine blockchain networks.

The product arrives days after Arc moved to public mainnet, extending Circle’s developer tools around a network built for stablecoin payments, financial applications and automated software agents.

Arc Studio builds onchain apps from prompts

Arc Studio is designed to handle parts of blockchain development that would normally require developers to separately configure wallets, gas, contracts, protocol integrations and testnet infrastructure.

Users can describe an application in plain language and have Studio assemble its components into a working prototype. Developers can then export the generated code to their own repositories, inspect the underlying logic and use their own credentials and infrastructure for production deployments.

Circle said Studio can be accessed through its web interface or used as a subagent from coding tools including Claude Code, Codex and Cursor. The product is built specifically around Arc and Circle’s developer infrastructure instead of operating as a general purpose coding assistant.

Supported Circle products include Cross Chain Transfer Protocol, or CCTP, Contracts, Gateway and Wallets. Studio can work with live protocols and assets while applications can be tested on Arbitrum, Arc, Avalanche, Base, Ethereum, Monad, OP Mainnet, Polygon and Unichain.

The platform can write Solidity contracts, perform initial reviews and deploy them to Arc Testnet or eight other EVM testnets. Its interface provides access to contract read and write functions, while a tracing system records RPC calls, transactions, decoded events and offchain HTTP requests generated by an application.

Circle warns that AI generated code may contain errors, security weaknesses or incomplete output and should be independently reviewed and tested. Studio does not sign, fund or submit mainnet transactions on behalf of users, leaving production deployment to developers using their own credentials and infrastructure.

USDC payments sit at the center of Arc Studio

Circle has positioned Studio around applications that involve USDC flows, including payments, swaps, wallets, bridges, lending, staking and programmable payouts.

A developer could use a prompt to build a cross border payout application with an administrative interface and wallet functions, according to Arc. Other examples include stablecoin payments for digital goods, usage based SaaS billing settled in USDC and payment systems through which AI agents can pay each other or purchase computing resources.

Protocol integrations extend the available building blocks. Studio supports composable services from Aave, Morpho and Uniswap, allowing generated applications to incorporate existing DeFi infrastructure without requiring developers to manually connect each integration.

Circle has been expanding the underlying infrastructure that handles such transactions. A CCTP update released in September added upfront fee payments for Fast Transfer, allowing applications to quote and collect cross chain USDC fees on the source network while keeping the amount delivered to the recipient unchanged.

CCTP uses a burn and mint system for moving native USDC between supported networks. Circle’s newer Quote API can combine eligible protocol fees into a signed, time limited quote, while prepaid fees can be settled in USDC or the source network’s native gas asset.

Studio’s launch comes as Circle is developing another use case around payments initiated by autonomous software. In August, Circle said 99.3% of payment volume measured through the x402 agent payment protocol during the second quarter settled in USDC.

The x402 payment activity covered the protocol measured by Circle and did not represent the same share of all AI agent payments. Circle’s Agent Stack, launched in May, had more than 900 paid services by the end of the second quarter.

Arc Studio follows the network’s mainnet launch

Arc Studio is being released alongside a larger expansion of the Arc ecosystem following the blockchain’s Sept. 16 public mainnet launch.

As crypto.news previously reported, the Arc mainnet launch brought Circle’s Layer 1 network online with USDC used for transaction fees, deterministic settlement in under one second and support for Ethereum Virtual Machine applications.

Arc launched with Circle and 11 named institutional founding validators, including BlackRock, DTCC, Galaxy, ICE, Mastercard, MoneyGram, SBI Group, Standard Chartered, Sumitomo Corporation, Visa and Worldpay, which is part of Global Payments.

More than 100 applications and over 100 institutional and ecosystem builders were live on the network at launch, according to Circle. The company said Arc began with integrations spanning banks, asset managers, payment companies, exchanges, custodians, wallets, DeFi protocols and AI platforms.

The network supports 22 fiat stablecoins, while tokenized funds including BUIDL, USYC, JAAA and JTRSY were available at launch. Arc’s connection with CCTP and Circle Gateway provides routes for moving supported assets and accessing liquidity across more than 20 blockchain networks.

Circle has built Arc around an EVM compatible environment, allowing developers to use Solidity and existing Ethereum development tools. USDC serves as the native asset for gas accounting, removing the requirement to hold a separate network token to pay ordinary transaction fees.

Before the public launch, Arc had operated as a private mainnet with more than 100 institutional and ecosystem participants. Its earlier public testnet had processed more than 700 million transactions by the time the mainnet opened, according to Circle.

Circle is expanding Arc’s developer and agent tools

Studio is one of several products Circle is placing around Arc as it builds services for developers, institutions and autonomous agents.

Arc App Kits provide packaged components for common financial functions such as payments, swaps, onramps and yield. Arc Portal gives users an interface for funding agent wallets, setting spending limits and delegating specific onchain tasks.

Circle Agent Stack provides policy controlled wallets and nanopayments, while its Agent Wallets are designed for software that can hold, trade and bridge USDC within spending rules established by humans. Supported networks include Arbitrum, Arc testnet, Avalanche, Base, Ethereum, Monad, OP Mainnet, Polygon PoS and Unichain.

Institutional functions have been developed alongside those developer products. Circle disclosed plans for confidential smart contract capabilities earlier this year, with Arc Privacy designed to keep selected financial information private while retaining access needed for audits and compliance reviews.

Circle has identified payroll, treasury management, tokenized assets, trading and lending among the potential uses for confidential contracts.

Studio is available through its web interface, while developers working in existing coding environments can use it as a subagent. Generated applications remain exportable, allowing teams to review the code and move it into their own repositories before using their own keys and infrastructure for deployment.

dtcpay has completed a $25 million Series A on Sept. 18 after SBI Group joined the Singapore stablecoin payments company as a strategic investor alongside existing and new backers.

dtcpay said SBI participated through SBI Ventures Asset Pte. Ltd. and the SBI-NTU-Kyobo Digital Innovation Fund, extending a funding round that began with a $10 million tranche led by Vertex Ventures Southeast Asia & India earlier in 2026.

The company did not disclose how much SBI invested, the ownership stake attached to the transaction or a new valuation. Genedant Capital and existing investor Kwee Liong Tek participated in the completed round, according to dtcpay.

dtcpay Series A grows from $10 million to $25 million

Vertex Ventures announced the initial $10 million Series A on March 17, with the capital intended for product development, infrastructure work and entry into newly licensed jurisdictions. dtcpay’s Sept. 18 announcement now puts the entire Series A at $25 million.

The two disclosed totals show another $15 million was added after the first tranche, but public materials do not allocate that amount among SBI, Genedant Capital, Kwee or any other participant. SBI Ven Capital’s current portfolio page lists dtcpay as an investment dated Sept. 18 and identifies both SBI Ventures Asset and the SBI-NTU-Kyobo Digital Innovation Fund among its investment vehicles.

Founded by Alice Liu and Band Zhao, dtcpay provides infrastructure for accepting, holding, converting and transferring stablecoins alongside fiat currencies. The company plans to spend the fresh capital on its payment products, merchant network and international operations.

Through the remaining months of 2026, dtcpay said its product roadmap includes a redesigned business portal for enterprise clients and new functions inside its consumer app. It did not give individual launch dates for those features.

Liu said the company raised the money to “fundamentally change how money moves across borders.” Chairman Band Zhao described the next stage as being “about scale,” citing infrastructure, financial-institution partnerships and regulated-market expansion among its priorities. Both statements describe management’s plans, not guaranteed business outcomes.

Singapore license covers six payment services

dtcpay operates in Singapore through Digital Treasures Center Pte. Ltd., which the Monetary Authority of Singapore currently lists as a Major Payment Institution. MAS records show authorization for account issuance, domestic money transfers, cross-border money transfers, merchant acquisition, e-money issuance and digital payment token services.

The regulatory record independently confirms the Major Payment Institution status cited in dtcpay’s funding announcement. MAS states that major payment institutions face requirements beyond those applied to standard payment institutions because they can operate above specified transaction or stored-value thresholds.

In Europe, dtcpay says its Luxembourg subsidiary holds an Electronic Money Institution license. A Bank of Lithuania regulatory register identifies dtcpay Luxembourg S.A. as an EU electronic money institution permitted to provide services in Lithuania without establishing a branch, while CSSF rules require Luxembourg entities issuing electronic money or providing covered payment services to hold written authorization.

Vertex’s March funding announcement said the Luxembourg EMI authorization was intended to support regulated services across the European Economic Area. The funding release separately said dtcpay maintains licenses or registrations in Hong Kong, Australia, the U.S. and Canada, though the exact permissions differ by jurisdiction.

Singapore’s own stablecoin rules remain under development. As reported in recent Singapore stablecoin regulation coverage, MAS proposed Payment Services Act changes this month covering stablecoin issuers, reserve requirements and foreign-issued tokens. dtcpay’s payment-services license should not be treated as evidence that every stablecoin processed through its platform carries an MAS-regulated stablecoin designation.

SBI adds another stablecoin payments investment

SBI’s dtcpay investment comes as the Japanese financial group builds several businesses around blockchain settlement and digital payments.

In June, SBI Remit partnered with Fasset on stablecoin infrastructure for international remittances and payment services. As SBI Remit stablecoin infrastructure coverage previously reported, the companies said the work could extend into wallets, cards and settlement products across international corridors.

A month later, SBI Holdings reached an agreement with the Solana Foundation covering stablecoins, tokenized assets and payments in Japan and other Asian markets. SBI and Solana partnership coverage reported that the planned work includes cross-border payments and institutional onchain services, though separate regulatory approvals may be required for individual products.

SBI’s new dtcpay investment does not come with a publicly announced joint product or launch timetable. Eiichiro So, CEO of SBI Ven Capital, described the transaction as the start of a strategic partnership and said SBI wants to develop digital-asset links between Japan and Southeast Asia.

Neither dtcpay nor SBI disclosed whether their partnership will lead to a Japan-specific stablecoin payment product, an SBI-branded card or a dedicated settlement corridor.

dtcpay already connects stablecoins to retail payments

Before closing the Series A, dtcpay had built merchant and card integrations around stablecoin spending.

WalletConnect confirmed in October 2025 that dtcpay became its first Major Payment Institution partner for point-of-sale payments. WalletConnect said its network supported more than 700 wallets, allowing compatible users to connect existing wallets to merchant checkout flows.

The integration has since moved into retail deployment across Asia, according to WalletConnect. Its payment documentation says dtcpay merchants can accept assets including USDC and USDT through existing point-of-sale equipment without requiring customers to install a separate payment app.

dtcpay separately launched its Digital Treasures Visa Infinite card in February 2025. The company said the card converts supported stablecoin balances for fiat settlement when customers spend through Visa’s network. Its original release cited more than 150 million merchant locations.

Visa’s own network figures have since increased. A May 2026 Visa report put its global acceptance network above 175 million merchant points, while a September update said more than 160 stablecoin-linked card programs were operating globally during Visa’s fiscal second quarter.

As recent Visa stablecoin card coverage reported, Visa said payment volume across those programs had risen nearly 200% year over year and its stablecoin settlement activity had passed a $20 billion annualized rate. Those figures cover Visa’s global stablecoin business, not dtcpay specifically.

For physical retail, dtcpay says Singapore department-store operator Metro accepts stablecoins including USDT and USDC through its infrastructure. The company’s March 2025 case study identifies Metro Paragon as one location using the payment service.

The firm has worked with other institutional infrastructure providers as it expands. In June, BitGo Singapore agreed to provide custody and digital-asset infrastructure for dtcpay’s payment operations. As earlier BitGo and dtcpay coverage reported, the companies said the arrangement would support dtcpay’s operations and asset-security processes while it expands its payment network.

dtcpay’s funding announcement claims its real-time swap engine can settle stablecoin and fiat transactions faster and more cheaply than conventional correspondent banking. The release does not publish a transaction sample, average settlement cost or independently audited comparison supporting the phrase “at a fraction of the cost.”

The company’s current Global Pay product page says transfers can reach more than 100 countries, with supported fiat currencies including USD, SGD, GBP, EUR and HKD and stablecoins including USDT and USDC. It describes transfers as generally completing within the same day and says fees and exchange rates are displayed before transactions are confirmed.

No public valuation accompanied the $25 million Series A completion, and dtcpay did not disclose revenue, payment volume, merchant count or a timetable for a future funding round in its Sept. 18 announcement.

Bolivia has committed to developing a regulatory and supervisory framework for cryptocurrencies as part of its economic program with the International Monetary Fund, with the government seeking to limit illicit capital outflows through digital asset markets.

The Bolivian Ministry of Economy and Public Finance set out the commitment in its Sept. 10 Memorandum of Economic and Financial Policies, grouping virtual asset oversight with reforms covering monetary and foreign exchange markets, pension risks and anti money laundering controls.

The document calls for a “robust” framework for regulating and supervising virtual assets to reduce the risk of improper capital outflows and protect financial resilience. It does not provide a deadline for introducing the rules or identify a single agency that would oversee the sector.

Bolivia’s crypto plans form part of a 36 month economic program agreed with the IMF. Staff from the fund and Bolivian authorities reached an agreement in July on an Extended Fund Facility, subject to approval by the IMF Executive Board. The program covers fiscal policy, foreign exchange reforms, international reserves, financial supervision and measures to strengthen anti money laundering controls.

Bolivia crypto regulation targets capital outflows

Under the memorandum, authorities plan to strengthen supervision of virtual assets alongside changes to the country’s monetary and exchange rate systems.

The government said the crypto framework would be designed to prevent illicit capital leakage through digital asset markets while supporting financial stability. Details on licensing, reporting requirements or rules for crypto exchanges and other service providers were not specified.

No decision has been disclosed on whether the framework will be introduced through legislation, an executive decree or administrative regulations. The document similarly does not identify which regulator would take primary responsibility for virtual assets.

Bolivia is pursuing the changes while dealing with severe pressure on its public finances and access to foreign currency. Government officials have described the economic conditions inherited by the current administration as the country’s most serious crisis since the 1980s.

The IMF program is intended to rebuild international reserves, reduce fiscal and external vulnerabilities and modernize monetary and exchange rate frameworks. IMF staff said in July that financial sector reforms would cover stronger supervision, monitoring of banking and systemic risks, crisis preparation and closer coordination between government agencies.

Bolivia’s government has put the financing package at roughly $1.9 billion over 36 months. The accompanying economic program includes plans to reduce the fiscal deficit and continue moving toward a market based exchange rate system.

USDT use has grown during Bolivia’s dollar shortage

Crypto use has expanded as Bolivia has faced shortages of U.S. dollars and pressure on its foreign currency reserves.

USDT has become particularly visible as residents and businesses look for dollar denominated alternatives. Tether CEO Paolo Ardoino said in August that use of the stablecoin was increasing in Bolivia and several other economies experiencing monetary instability.

As crypto.news previously reported, Bolivia’s central bank publishes a reference USDT exchange rate based on weighted peer to peer trading activity on Binance. The country recorded an estimated $14.8 billion in crypto activity between July 2022 and June 2025, according to Chainalysis data cited in the report on USDT adoption in Bolivia.

The government has meanwhile been considering a more formal role for the stablecoin. Officials have been evaluating a plan that could allow USDT to operate within the national payment system alongside the boliviano and U.S. dollar.

A proposal reported in July would permit USDT as a payment option, while local lenders Banco Unión and Banco FIE were already providing services linked to the stablecoin. Authorities had not published final implementation rules at the time.

State involvement with crypto predates the payment proposal. In March 2025, state owned energy company YPFB received government authorization to use crypto for fuel imports as the shortage of U.S. dollars made conventional payments more difficult.

Capital controls face pressure from stablecoins

Bolivia’s concern over capital movements comes as international financial institutions examine how dollar backed stablecoins interact with foreign exchange restrictions in emerging economies.

Research covered in July found that stablecoin inflows across economies showed little response to conventional capital controls. Bank for International Settlements researchers examined flows across more than 130 economies and compared stablecoin activity with foreign currency bank deposits.

The findings pointed to growing use of dollar backed tokens in countries facing inflation, weak domestic currencies or limited access to foreign exchange. Stablecoins can be transferred through blockchain networks without relying on the same banking channels used for conventional foreign currency transactions.

The IMF raised a related issue in August, warning that locally issued stablecoins could make access to digital dollars easier if users can move between domestic tokens and dollar backed assets onchain. Nearly 99% of stablecoins were denominated in U.S. dollars, according to figures cited by the fund in its assessment of stablecoin dollar adoption.

For Bolivia, the planned virtual asset framework sits alongside commitments covering foreign exchange policy and financial supervision. The government has not specified whether future crypto rules would place restrictions on stablecoin transactions, introduce limits on conversions or establish reporting requirements for transfers.

Bolivia faces FATF monitoring over financial controls

Anti money laundering reforms are another part of the government’s financial sector commitments.

Bolivia remains under increased monitoring by FATF, commonly referred to as the FATF grey list. The country made a high level political commitment in June 2025 to work with FATF and the Financial Action Task Force of Latin America to address weaknesses in its anti money laundering and counter terrorism financing system.

FATF said in its June 2026 review that Bolivia had made progress but still needed to complete several measures. Authorities were asked to strengthen risk based supervision in designated nonfinancial sectors, enforce sanctions for breaches of beneficial ownership requirements and increase money laundering investigations and prosecutions in line with the country’s risks.

The organization’s standards for virtual assets require countries to identify and address money laundering and terrorism financing risks linked to the sector.

Bolivia’s memorandum calls for improving the effectiveness of the country’s anti money laundering and counter terrorism financing system while financial regulators strengthen oversight of virtual assets.

The government has yet to publish the institutional structure, legislative route or implementation timetable for the planned crypto framework.

XRP Power is developing a cloud-based computing platform aimed at making blockchain participation more accessible to digital asset users.

As digital assets continue to develop, access to computing infrastructure has become an increasingly important part of blockchain-related activities. For users interested in participating in the digital asset ecosystem without purchasing and maintaining physical mining equipment, cloud-based computing power offers an alternative approach.

XRP Power is building its platform around this model, combining digital asset services with cloud-based computing power solutions designed to provide users with a more accessible way to participate in blockchain activities.

Bringing computing power services to digital asset users

Established in 2023 and headquartered in the United Kingdom, XRP Power describes itself as a technology platform focused on digital assets and computing power services. The platform integrates global computing resources with intelligent systems through its website and mobile service ecosystem.

Rather than requiring users to purchase mining machines or deploy their own hardware, XRP Power allows users to select a suitable computing power contract through its platform.

The company says it handles computing power scheduling, equipment management, and maintenance, while revenue settlement is completed according to predefined rules. This model is designed to reduce some of the technical and operational requirements traditionally associated with running mining hardware.

A cloud-based approach to computing power

The cloud-based model allows users to access computing power without directly managing physical mining equipment.

For users exploring digital asset-related computing services, this approach can provide a simpler entry point by moving equipment deployment, maintenance, and operational management to the platform.

XRP Power says its service ecosystem is designed to lower the barrier to entry while improving the overall efficiency of computing power services.

The platform also states that it works with partners to promote the use of renewable energy sources, including solar, wind, and hydropower, while optimizing computing equipment configuration and operational efficiency through resource integration and supply-chain coordination.

Security and platform infrastructure

As cloud-based digital services increasingly handle user accounts and service information, security remains an important consideration.

According to XRP Power, the platform uses EV SSL encryption technology and multi-layer network protection mechanisms to support secure data transmission and stable system operation. The company also says it operates in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.

These measures form part of the platform’s broader approach to providing users with access to digital asset and computing power services through an online environment.

Access through web and mobile services

XRP Power has developed a service ecosystem that extends beyond its website.

The platform provides mobile access through applications for both Android and iOS, allowing users to manage their accounts and access available services from mobile devices.

For users who prefer managing digital services through mobile devices, this provides another way to interact with the platform without being tied to a desktop environment.

Lowering the barrier to computing power services

The growing interest in digital assets has also increased attention around the infrastructure supporting blockchain networks.

For many users, operating mining equipment independently can involve hardware costs, technical setup, electricity management, and ongoing maintenance. Cloud computing power services approach these requirements differently by allowing users to access computing resources through contracts while the platform manages the underlying equipment and operations.

XRP Power’s model is built around this approach, providing users with a way to explore computing power services without directly purchasing or deploying mining machines.

About XRP Power

XRP Power was established in 2023 and is headquartered in the United Kingdom. The company describes its platform as focused on digital assets and computing power services, integrating global computing resources with intelligent systems.

According to the company, XRP Power has served more than 3 million users worldwide and continues to develop its technology, infrastructure, and service ecosystem.

The platform provides cloud-based computing power solutions, with equipment scheduling, management, and maintenance handled by the platform according to its service model.

Users can learn more about XRP Power, review available services, and access its mobile applications through the company’s official website.

For more information, visit the official website.

Ethereum Institutional has backed a proposal to cut Ethereum’s 12 second block time as developers consider bringing the first reduction to 10 seconds through the Hegotá upgrade.

Ethereum Institutional said Friday that Ethereum needs to become faster as more financial activity moves onto public blockchains, throwing its support behind Ethlabs’ work on EIP 8198, known as Quick Slots.

“Make Ethereum faster,” the nonprofit wrote on X, arguing that shorter block times are becoming more important as “more institutional activity moves onchain.”

EIP 8198 would make Ethereum’s slot duration configurable, allowing developers to gradually shorten the time between blocks instead of committing the network to a large reduction at once. Ethlabs is initially pushing for a move from 12 seconds to 10 seconds, with further reductions possible after developers assess network performance.

Support from Ethereum Institutional follows feedback gathered by Ethlabs from 20 decentralized finance founders. The research group said Thursday that the responses showed broad support for Quick Slots and its potential inclusion in Hegotá.

Ethereum block time proposal moves toward Hegotá

EIP 8198 was authored in March and formally proposed for Hegotá during an Ethereum core developer meeting on Aug. 6.

Ethlabs has since begun merging the proposal’s specifications into Ethereum’s main codebase while examining dependencies that could affect implementation. The group said the work is intended to help Quick Slots “meaningfully enter Hegotá’s scope.”

Hegotá is Ethereum’s planned upgrade following Glamsterdam. Ethereum developers have been sorting through proposals for the upgrade, covering block production, account abstraction, privacy, validator economics and Layer 1 scaling.

As crypto.news previously reported, Ethlabs placed Quick Slots among its priorities for Hegotá alongside censorship resistance, native account abstraction and continued Layer 1 scaling.

At the time, EIP 8198 used eight seconds as a placeholder slot duration, while Ethlabs said Ethereum could initially reach 10 second slots through Hegotá. The exact timing remains subject to testing and agreement among Ethereum client teams.

Quick Slots has not been confirmed for Hegotá. Ethereum developers were still narrowing the upgrade scope in August, when FOCIL remained the only proposal formally scheduled for inclusion and EIP 8198 was still under consideration.

Reducing slot duration would increase how frequently Ethereum can produce blocks. Under the existing design, Ethereum uses 32 slots per epoch, meaning a shorter slot time could reduce the duration of each epoch if the number of slots remains unchanged.

Institutional Ethereum activity drives support

Ethereum Institutional’s backing brings an institutional adoption group into the debate over Ethereum’s execution speed.

The organization launched in July as an independent nonprofit focused on helping banks, asset managers, custodians, fintech companies, market infrastructure providers and sovereign institutions use Ethereum and its Layer 2 ecosystem.

BitMine Immersion Technologies, SharpLink and Ethereum co founder Joe Lubin were among the contributors supporting the organization at launch. Its work covers institutional education, market intelligence, standards, technical requirements and events.

Ethereum Institutional said at the time that Ethereum hosted around $180 billion in stablecoins on mainnet, representing roughly 60% of total stablecoin supply, along with around two thirds of tokenized real world assets.

Institutional use has continued developing alongside Ethereum’s technical roadmap. Ethereum researchers this week reported sub one second propagation for a simulated 1 MiB execution payload under EIP 8411, compared with roughly five seconds when the same payload was transmitted as a single message.

EIP 8411 takes a separate approach from Quick Slots. The draft networking proposal divides execution payloads into smaller chunks that nodes can verify and forward before receiving the entire payload. Tests involved 500 simulated nodes and prototype client code, meaning the results were not measurements from Ethereum mainnet.

Glamsterdam comes before Hegotá

Ethereum developers are currently focused on Glamsterdam, the network upgrade scheduled ahead of Hegotá.

Glamsterdam is designed to increase Layer 1 capacity and change parts of Ethereum’s block construction process. Developers confirmed this week that the upgrade is set to activate on Sepolia on Oct. 6, following testing on private development networks.

Devnet 11 completed its Glamsterdam transition while raising its gas limit from 60 million to 200 million for testing. The network used 84,000 validators across multiple clients, although developers excluded deliberate attacks from the test and kept adversarial experiments on the longer running Platåberget environment.

Client teams have been asked to release Sepolia ready software by Sept. 29. Developers have not confirmed a mainnet activation date for Glamsterdam, while earlier discussions have considered a possible December rollout.

Hegotá development would follow Glamsterdam, leaving EIP 8198 subject to further testing and decisions by Ethereum’s core development teams before any shorter slot configuration could reach mainnet.

Rival networks are already cutting block times

Ethereum’s discussion comes as other Layer 1 networks pursue shorter block or slot intervals.

Solana reduced its target slot time from 300 milliseconds to 250 milliseconds on Sept. 18, increasing targeted slot production from roughly 3.3 to four slots per second. The latest Solana speed upgrade forms the third stage of SIMD 0525, which started from a 400 millisecond target and is intended to eventually reach 200 milliseconds.

The nearly 17% reduction does not produce a corresponding increase in Solana’s overall transaction capacity because computation and data limits are reduced proportionally as slots become shorter.

Solana began the staged rollout in August by cutting slots to 350 milliseconds before moving through the 300 millisecond and 250 millisecond stages. Each reduction uses a separate feature activation so developers and validators can assess network behavior before advancing to the next setting.

At 250 milliseconds, a validator’s four slot leader window has fallen to one second from 1.2 seconds under the previous configuration. Solana has not set a mainnet date for the final reduction to 200 milliseconds.

Zcash is considering a similar change on a different scale. A majority of ZEC holders this week backed reducing the network’s target block time from 75 seconds to 25 seconds as part of discussions surrounding its NU7 upgrade.

Ethereum’s EIP 8198 remains a draft proposal, with its initial 10 second target dependent on further implementation work, testing and approval before it can become part of Hegotá.

The Commodity Futures Trading Commission has sent a proposed framework for crypto transactions and markets to the White House for review, moving ahead with rulemaking days after the CLARITY Act failed to advance in the Senate.

According to a filing with the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, the CFTC submitted a rule titled “Regulation Crypto Asset Transactions and Regulation Crypto Asset Markets” on Sept. 17. OIRA, which sits within the Office of Management and Budget, reviews significant federal regulations before agencies can move toward publication.

Details of the proposal have not been released, and the CFTC declined to comment on its contents. The filing begins an executive review process that could result in changes before the measure is returned to the commission.

CFTC Chairman Michael Selig had already instructed staff to prepare a crypto market structure framework that could operate under the agency’s existing authority if Congress failed to pass new legislation.

CFTC crypto rules move forward after Senate vote

The filing came two days after the Senate failed to advance the Digital Asset Market CLARITY Act, which would have given the CFTC a central role in regulating digital commodity markets.

The procedural vote ended 49 to 50, falling short of the 60 votes needed to begin debate. Seven Senate Democrats who opposed cloture have since indicated that negotiations could continue, leaving the legislation unresolved following the vote.

As crypto.news previously reported, the failure to advance the bill left the SEC and CFTC with a larger role in developing digital asset rules through their existing statutory powers while Congress remains divided over a federal market structure law.

The CLARITY Act would establish statutory divisions between the SEC and CFTC and create registration requirements for crypto trading platforms and other market participants. Qualifying digital commodities and their spot markets would fall primarily under CFTC oversight, while securities related activity would remain within the SEC’s jurisdiction.

Selig had prepared for the possibility that Congress would not complete the legislation. Speaking at an agency event on Aug. 20, he said he had directed staff to examine how the CFTC could “codify a CFTC market structure for crypto assets” through powers it already holds.

Under the framework described by Selig at the time, existing CFTC registrants and crypto exchanges that are not currently registered could potentially be designated as a form of designated contract market known as a crypto asset market.

“This could enable current registrants as well as non-registrant crypto exchanges to be designated by the CFTC” as crypto asset markets, Selig said.

Such venues could then offer leveraged or margined crypto trading under rules administered by the CFTC.

Selig’s August comments had made clear that the agency was preparing crypto rules before the Senate vote. He said the CFTC would use its existing authority to establish a digital asset market regime if the legislation remained stalled.

White House review comes before a CFTC vote

OIRA review represents an early stage of the federal rulemaking process and does not make the proposed framework effective.

Under the Trump administration, independent agencies including the CFTC and Securities and Exchange Commission have been required to submit significant regulatory actions to the Office of Management and Budget for review before publication.

Once OIRA completes its review, the proposal can be returned to the CFTC with potential revisions. The commission would then have to vote before releasing the proposal for public comment.

Selig is currently the sole commissioner on a body designed to have five members. The vacancies leave him as the only vote at the commission while the agency works through its crypto agenda.

The staffing issue predates the latest proposal. The CFTC operated with roughly 556 employees at the end of fiscal 2025, compared with 708 a year earlier, while Selig has remained the only confirmed commissioner since taking office in December 2025.

Following publication of the proposal, the agency would collect public comments and could revise the framework based on feedback. A final rule would require another commission vote before taking effect.

CFTC uses existing powers as CLARITY talks continue

The White House submission forms part of a series of regulatory steps taken by federal agencies following the Senate vote.

On Sept. 17, CFTC staff issued a no action position covering certain software developers whose products facilitate access to regulated derivatives markets. The relief means staff will not recommend enforcement action against qualifying passive software providers for failing to register as introducing brokers when they meet specified conditions.

Under the CFTC developer relief, qualifying providers must satisfy 10 conditions. Their software can connect users to registered derivatives exchanges, brokers and futures commission merchants without triggering an enforcement recommendation over certain registration requirements.

The treatment of developers has been one of the issues surrounding federal crypto market structure legislation. Sections of the CLARITY Act sought protections for noncustodial software developers, wallet providers and validator operators under specified conditions.

The SEC has been moving through its own crypto rulemaking agenda. On Sept. 17, the securities regulator released its long anticipated innovation exemption for eligible tokenized securities activity, providing a regulatory route for certain onchain trading models.

Former CFTC Chairman J. Christopher Giancarlo said after the Senate vote that regulators did not need to wait for Congress to continue developing digital asset frameworks. He said Selig and SEC Chairman Paul Atkins could use authority already available to their agencies while lawmakers continued debating legislation.

The comments followed the CLARITY Act vote and came as both agencies pursued separate measures affecting crypto exchanges, developers and tokenized markets.

CLARITY Act negotiations remain open

The Senate setback has not formally ended work on the CLARITY Act.

Seven Democratic senators who voted against cloture said after the vote that negotiations were not over. The measure could return if lawmakers reach an agreement capable of securing the 60 votes required to advance legislation in the Senate.

Ethics provisions involving elected officials and digital asset interests were among the disputed areas during negotiations. Democratic lawmakers had raised concerns about President Donald Trump’s crypto holdings and businesses linked to his family as the administration pursued new digital asset rules.

Developer protections have been another point of contention during negotiations, with lawmakers debating the extent to which people who write or maintain noncustodial software should face financial regulatory requirements.

The bill would establish a federal market structure covering token classification, trading platforms and regulatory responsibilities between the CFTC and SEC. Its House version passed in July 2025 before the legislation moved through the Senate process.

For now, the CFTC proposal remains under White House review. Once OIRA completes that process, the measure can return to the commission for a vote, followed by publication and a public comment period before any final rule can take effect.

Zcash price traded near $1,455 on Sep. 18 after retreating from an intraday high of $1,535, while technical indicators and liquidation data pointed to continued volatility around the $1,500 level.

Zcash price action today

Zcash (ZEC) price rose as high as $1,535.82 before sellers pushed the token back below $1,500, according to the daily chart. ZEC traded at approximately $1,455 at the time of writing, down 0.78% during the current daily session.

The pullback came after an accelerated advance from the $1,100 area. ZEC broke above $1,250 and $1,375 with limited consolidation before testing the $1,500 Murrey Math resistance level.

Price has gained more than 190% since trading near $500 in August. ZEC has also established a sequence of higher highs and higher lows across the daily and 4-hour charts, keeping its wider uptrend intact despite the latest retreat.

The daily Stochastic RSI started recovering from lower levels, with the faster line at 43.69 and the signal line at 30.61. The crossover showed that daily momentum was rebuilding after the indicator cooled during an earlier consolidation.

However, the rejection above $1,500 showed that sellers remained active near the psychological level. ZEC would need a confirmed daily close above that zone to reduce the risk of a deeper pullback.

What is driving the ZEC rally?

The rally followed the Zcash community’s vote on proposals tied to the Network Upgrade 7 roadmap. Nearly 99.9% of participating ZEC reportedly backed reducing the network’s target block time from 75 seconds to 25 seconds, while 98.9% supported keeping its current halving schedule.

The proposed change would shorten transaction confirmation times without increasing daily issuance because the block reward would be adjusted for the faster schedule.

Paradigm co-founder Matt Huang also disclosed the venture firm’s exposure to Zcash in a Sep. 16 post. Huang discussed the network’s development funding and said Paradigm considered the fund important to Zcash’s future.

The disclosure added an institutional element to a rally already supported by the governance vote and renewed interest in privacy-focused cryptocurrencies.

US investors can also access regulated ZEC exposure through Grayscale’s Zcash ETF, which trades on NYSE Arca under the ticker ZCSH. The product gives brokerage customers exposure without requiring them to hold ZEC directly, though its market price can differ from the value of its underlying assets.

Zcash technical indicators remain bullish

The 4-hour chart showed that ZEC’s momentum remained positive even as the token retreated from its latest high.

The moving average convergence divergence indicator stood at 88.30, above its signal line at 76.33. Its positive histogram reading of 11.98 indicated that buyers still controlled the broader momentum trend.

However, the histogram had begun to contract. A continued decline would show that the speed of the rally was slowing, increasing the possibility of consolidation or a short-term correction.

The 4-hour relative strength index stood at 68.35, just below overbought territory. The RSI had also fallen below its moving average at 73.86, showing that short-term buying pressure had eased after the move above $1,500.

ZEC’s immediate resistance sits between $1,500 and the intraday high of $1,535. A 4-hour close above $1,535 could open a move toward the next Murrey Math targets at $1,625 and $1,750.

The first important support lies near $1,420, followed by the former breakout level at $1,375. A close below $1,375 could expose $1,250, which previously acted as a major reversal level.

Liquidation clusters frame the next move

The 24-hour liquidation heatmap showed a dense concentration of leveraged positions around $1,420. The band was the strongest nearby liquidity pool below the market and could attract price if the current pullback continues.

Additional liquidity appeared between $1,440 and $1,460, placing ZEC near an area where forced closures could increase short-term price swings.

Above the market, the largest nearby concentration sat around $1,540 to $1,550. A recovery above $1,500 could push ZEC toward that zone as short positions become vulnerable.

A larger but more distant liquidity area was visible around $1,580. On the downside, notable clusters appeared near $1,400, $1,375 and $1,345.

The distribution leaves ZEC between sizable liquidity pools on both sides. A break below $1,440 would favor a test of $1,420, while reclaiming $1,500 could bring the $1,540–$1,550 area back into focus.

What analysts are saying

Pseudonymous trader Altcoin Sherpa described ZEC as the strongest asset in the market but said the rally could still experience a sharp correction.

“Would like to see some chop and then another leg up to 2K,” the analyst wrote, adding that a 10%–15% decline could offer another entry if the wider trend remained intact.

A correction of that size from $1,500 would place ZEC between approximately $1,275 and $1,350. The range overlaps the $1,250 Murrey Math support and the previous breakout area near $1,375.

Another pseudonymous analyst, Scient, said ZEC was “practically into price discovery” after moving beyond its previous chart resistance. The analyst identified the former highs near $800 as a potential long-term support area if ZEC experiences a much larger correction later in the cycle.

For the shorter-term setup, $1,420 remains the level separating a limited pullback from a possible test of $1,375. Bulls must reclaim $1,500 and clear $1,535 to restore momentum toward $1,625.

Coinbase has filed to list perpetual futures tied to more than 50 major U.S. stocks, including Nvidia, Microsoft and Tesla, with 24/5 trading and no fixed expiration dates.

Coinbase said in a Sep. 18 announcement that it had submitted the proposed contracts for listing on its regulated U.S. derivatives exchange, calling the planned range the first single-stock perpetual futures offering in the country.

“Crypto was first, now it’s time for stocks,” the company said.

The filing covers more than 50 stocks, with Nvidia, Microsoft and Tesla among the names disclosed by the exchange. Coinbase plans to let customers trade the contracts around the clock on weekdays, extending access beyond the regular U.S. stock market session.

Unlike conventional futures, the proposed contracts would have no set expiry date. Traders could maintain a position while meeting the exchange’s margin rules and any funding obligations attached to the product.

Coinbase has not started offering the contracts, and their listing remains subject to the U.S. regulatory process.

Coinbase stock perpetuals would provide price exposure without shares

Single-stock perpetuals track the price of an individual company but do not give the trader ownership of its shares. A customer holding an Nvidia perpetual, for example, would gain exposure to movements in Nvidia’s stock price without becoming a shareholder through the contract.

The distinction matters because shareholders may receive voting rights, dividends, and other corporate benefits. Futures traders instead hold an agreement whose value changes with the referenced stock, subject to the terms set by the exchange.

Perpetual contracts use recurring funding payments to keep their prices close to the underlying market. Depending on market conditions, traders holding long positions may pay short sellers, or short sellers may pay long holders.

Coinbase also plans to permit leverage, allowing customers to open positions larger than the capital posted as margin. Leverage can increase returns when a trade moves in the expected direction, but it also raises losses and may lead to liquidation when a customer’s collateral falls below the required level.

The proposed 24/5 schedule would cover periods when the underlying shares are not trading during the regular session. U.S. stock exchanges generally run their main sessions from 9:30 a.m. to 4 p.m. Eastern Time on weekdays, although brokers may also support premarket and after-hours trading.

Because prices can move when liquidity is lower outside the main session, the contracts’ trading rules, funding system, and reference pricing would affect how closely they follow the underlying shares. Coinbase had not disclosed the full contract specifications, leverage limits or launch timetable in its initial announcement.

US approval would extend Coinbase’s regulated derivatives business

Coinbase already offers cryptocurrency perpetual futures through its regulated U.S. derivatives operation. Its stock filing would extend the same basic contract structure from digital assets to individual public companies if regulators allow the listings.

For American customers, the proposal would place single-stock perpetuals inside a regulated domestic market rather than requiring them to use an offshore exchange or an onchain trading venue. Coinbase described the planned products as a U.S. first, although their availability will depend on the filing review and any conditions attached to approval.

The contracts differ from tokenized equities, another product category that crypto companies have pursued. A perpetual future is a derivative tied to a stock’s price, while a tokenized share can represent ownership or a claim backed by securities, depending on its structure.

Coinbase CEO Brian Armstrong recently argued that tokenized stocks should be backed by real securities and carry the rights associated with the underlying shares. He made the comments as the exchange sought to connect global customers with the U.S. equity market, which he valued at more than $70 trillion.

The proposed perpetuals would not provide that ownership model. Instead, they would give traders a leveraged contract settled under the exchange’s derivatives rules, leaving the underlying company’s shareholder register unchanged.

U.S. regulators have also been considering how blockchain infrastructure could support securities markets. As crypto.news previously reported, the Securities and Exchange Commission proposed a transfer agent overhaul that would allow approved blockchain systems to serve as official records of securities ownership.

The SEC proposal addresses the ownership register rather than synthetic instruments that only follow an asset’s price. Coinbase’s perpetual filing falls on the derivatives side of the market, where the regulatory review focuses on the contract and the venue offering it.

Nasdaq secured SEC approval in March to test tokenized stock trading, providing another route for applying blockchain-based systems to U.S. equities. Nasdaq’s model involves securities trading, while Coinbase’s proposed contracts would track stocks without transferring the shares themselves.

Coinbase has been adding stocks beyond its crypto business

Outside the United States, Coinbase has started expanding direct access to traditional equities. The company recently began rolling out 24/5 trading in nearly 4,000 U.S. stocks for eligible customers in the United Kingdom.

Coinbase’s U.K. service gives customers access to shares rather than perpetual futures, making it a separate product from the contracts proposed for the U.S. derivatives exchange. The weekday trading schedule, however, follows the company’s plan to make financial markets available beyond standard exchange hours.

The exchange has also added services that place crypto and traditional financial products inside the same platform. Its product range now covers spot crypto trading, regulated derivatives, prediction markets and stock access in selected jurisdictions.

In the Middle East, Coinbase recently received Financial Services Permission from the Financial Services Regulatory Authority of Abu Dhabi Global Market. The company said it plans to use Abu Dhabi as an international base for developing tokenization services outside the United States.

Abu Dhabi’s approval covers a separate regional operation and does not authorize the proposed U.S. single-stock perpetuals. Coinbase must complete the domestic review before customers can trade the contracts on its American derivatives venue.

The initial stock list includes several of the most actively traded U.S. companies, but Coinbase has not published all the proposed contracts or confirmed which ones would become available first. The exchange also has not provided a launch date, saying the products remain subject to regulatory clearance.