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The New AI-Driven Era of Software Development

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The New AI-Driven Era of Software Development

In early 2025, the term vibe coding began to circulate widely across the technology community. Coined by AI researcher Andrej Karpathy, it refers to a radically different way of building software. Instead of writing code line by line, the developer simply describes what they want to achieve in natural language, and an artificial intelligence system translates that description into executable code.

This article explores what vibe coding is, how it works, its main advantages and risks, and how it fits within the broader movement of AI-driven software development. It also examines the social and ethical dimensions of this emerging paradigm and what the future might look like if the “vibe” becomes mainstream.

What is Vibe Coding?

Vibe coding is a form of AI-assisted programming in which a developer describes a problem or a desired feature using natural language. A large language model (LLM), such as GPT or Claude, then generates the corresponding source code that implements it. Rather than acting as a mere autocomplete tool, the AI effectively becomes a creative collaborator capable of producing entire systems or applications from conceptual prompts.

The term was first introduced by Andrej Karpathy, former AI director at Tesla and a leading figure in the OpenAI ecosystem. In one of his social media posts, he summarised the concept with the now-famous phrase: “fully give in to the vibes, embrace exponentials, and forget that the code even exists.” He associated vibe coding with a freer, more experimental and iterative form of development. By mid-2025, Merriam-Webster had even listed “vibe coding” as an emerging slang term within technology.

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It is important to distinguish vibe coding from traditional AI-assisted programming. Using an AI tool to generate snippets or suggest completions is not quite the same thing. What defines vibe coding is a change in mindset. Instead of controlling every detail of the code, the developer focuses on intention, results, and iterative feedback. Simon Willison, a well-known software engineer, has noted that if you still read and understand every line the AI produces, you are not truly vibe coding — you are simply using a language model as an assistant.

How Vibe Coding Works

Although the idea sounds straightforward, the practice of vibe coding involves a dynamic interplay between human creativity and machine intelligence. It typically begins with a prompt: the developer describes what they want, for example, “create an interactive dashboard using data from environmental sensors.” The AI produces the initial code, and the developer then refines it through follow-up instructions such as “make the colours change with temperature” or “add a live refresh feature.” This loop of experimentation and adjustment lies at the heart of vibe coding.

Developers primarily evaluate code through execution rather than inspection. They run the programme, see whether it behaves as expected, and request corrections when errors arise. Manual debugging still plays a role, but the relationship with code becomes more conversational than mechanical. Over time, trust in the AI fluctuates. Developers learn which tasks can be safely delegated and when to intervene directly. Researchers have described this as a process of “calibrating trust,” in which the human defines how much to rely on the system at each stage of development.

The Benefits of Vibe Coding

One of the greatest strengths of vibe coding is its speed. Ideas can be transformed into functional prototypes in a fraction of the time it would take traditional coding. This speed makes it particularly useful for startups, research teams and creative professionals who need to explore multiple directions quickly.

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Another significant benefit is accessibility. People with limited technical training can now create simple applications or automate workflows without learning programming languages in depth. This democratisation of software creation could empower a new generation of makers and entrepreneurs.

By delegating repetitive or boilerplate tasks to the AI, developers can focus on strategic design and high-level logic. The workflow also encourages a sense of creative flow: instead of getting lost in syntax, the human partner can concentrate on goals, functionality and user experience. Many practitioners describe vibe coding as liberating, turning software creation into an expressive process similar to design or storytelling.

Risks and Limitations

Despite its promise, vibe coding carries significant risks. The most obvious one is the loss of understanding. Accepting generated code without reviewing it can lead to serious issues when something goes wrong. Bugs, security vulnerabilities or unexpected behaviours may remain unnoticed until they cause damage. As Andrew Ng has pointed out, vibe coding can sound effortless, but in reality, it remains cognitively demanding and far from trivial.

Quality and maintainability are also major concerns. Code produced by AI models may be inefficient, inconsistent or difficult to update, especially in large-scale projects. Furthermore, compliance and data protection become complex when generated code integrates external libraries or APIs without explicit human oversight. In 2025, a case involving the platform Base44 revealed security flaws in applications created through automated AI workflows, highlighting the importance of robust verification processes.

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Culturally, some developers fear that vibe coding could erode traditional craftsmanship in software engineering. The discipline and rigour associated with manual coding is being replaced by superficial experimentation. Others have coined the term “vibe coding hell” to describe an over-reliance on AI, where developers use it for everything, including trivial tasks, eventually losing confidence in their own technical skills.

Vibe Coding and Artificial Intelligence

Vibe coding represents a natural evolution of generative AI. It is not just a new technique but a redefinition of the relationship between humans and machines. Instead of translating ideas into syntax, developers now express intentions through prompts, while the AI interprets and executes them. Researchers have called this shift a “mediation of intent,” where the act of programming becomes probabilistic and collaborative.

In this new model, cognitive work is redistributed. The human becomes a designer of prompts, a tester and a strategist, while the AI handles most of the implementation. Some scholars describe the process as “material disengagement” — the developer orchestrates code indirectly, maintaining creative control without manual manipulation.

Empirical studies show that vibe coders often experience high levels of creative flow and satisfaction when working with AI systems, even though they also face challenges such as latency, debugging uncertainty and fluctuating trust. Early adoption in technology firms like Notion and several AI startups suggests that vibe coding may soon become a standard practice for internal prototyping and innovation.

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Responsible Use and Best Practices

To benefit from vibe coding without falling into its traps, developers should adopt specific best practices. Automated testing, static analysis and version control are essential to ensure reliability, even when the code is not fully read. Prompts should be written with transparency and clear objectives to avoid ambiguous or insecure results.

Human oversight must remain a core principle. Developers need to decide when to trust the AI and when to intervene manually, particularly in systems that handle sensitive data or critical operations. Maintaining detailed records of prompts and outputs can improve reproducibility and accountability.

Security audits and compliance checks are equally vital. AI-generated software must respect privacy standards and industry regulations. A hybrid approach, using vibe coding for rapid experimentation and conventional programming for critical components, seems to offer the best balance. Above all, developers should continue strengthening their ability to understand and review code, since comprehension remains the ultimate safeguard against failure.

The Future of Vibe Coding 

Vibe coding marks a genuine paradigm shift in how software is created. It is not just about faster coding but about redefining the human role in development, from coder to orchestrator, from writer to conductor of intelligent systems. Academic research increasingly treats it as a socio-technical phenomenon that blends trust, creativity and delegation between humans and machines.

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Yet, vibe coding is not a magical solution. Without testing, documentation and ethical oversight, projects built on “vibes” can easily become unreliable or even dangerous. The next few years will likely bring more sophisticated tools, conversational interfaces, and automated audits tailored to AI-generated code. We may also see the emergence of new professional standards focused on safety, transparency and accountability in AI-assisted development.

If used responsibly, vibe coding could democratise software creation, accelerate innovation and make technology more accessible than ever before. But like all powerful tools, it demands critical thinking, human supervision and a commitment to quality. The true promise of vibe coding lies not in abandoning code, but in transforming the act of coding into a more intuitive, creative and collaborative process.

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BlackRock Raises BitMine Immersion Technologies Stake to Over 9 Million Shares

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21Shares Introduces JitoSOL ETP to Offer Staking Rewards via Solana

TLDR:

  • BlackRock increased BitMine holdings to 9,049,912 shares, up 165.6% from last quarter
  • The total position is valued at roughly $246 million according to the latest 13F filing
  • BitMine controls about 4.3 million ETH, or nearly 3.5% of Ethereum’s circulating supply
  • Institutional investors continue adding exposure through crypto-linked public equities

 

BlackRock increased its ownership in BitMine Immersion Technologies during the latest reporting period. A new regulatory filing shows the asset manager raised its stake to 9,049,912 shares, marking a 165.6% quarterly jump and valuing the position at roughly $246 million.

Institutional Allocation Grows

The updated position appeared in BlackRock’s most recent 13F disclosure filed with U.S. regulators. These filings list equity holdings managed across the firm’s broad investment portfolios.

The document shows a sharp rise from the prior quarter’s reported share count.The latest total now exceeds nine million shares of BitMine common stock.

The company trades publicly under the ticker BMNR. It operates immersion-based mining facilities and manages digital assets on its balance sheet.

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Shortly after the filing surfaced, crypto-focused accounts shared the figures on social media. One widely circulated post noted that BlackRock had loaded up on BitMine shares.

The message cited the same increase and valuation metrics from the official filing. It framed the purchase as another move by institutions toward crypto-related equities.

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BlackRock oversees trillions of dollars across global markets and sectors. Movements of this scale often draw attention from traders and analysts.

Ethereum Treasury Strategy

BitMine’s business model combines mining infrastructure with long-term cryptocurrency holdings. Its treasury includes approximately 4.3 million ETH accumulated through operations and reserves.

That amount represents around 3.5% of Ethereum’s circulating supply. The figure places the company among the larger known corporate holders of the asset.

Holding such reserves ties company performance closely to digital asset prices. Changes in Ethereum’s value can influence both revenue expectations and balance sheet strength.

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BlackRock’s expanded position increases institutional exposure to that structure. It links traditional capital management with companies directly tied to blockchain assets.

Quarterly disclosures offer measurable data for tracking these allocations. They provide concrete numbers rather than market rumors or short-term speculation.

The latest filing presents a clear snapshot of BlackRock’s current commitment. With over nine million shares, BitMine becomes a larger piece of its public equity holdings.

The increase arrives as crypto-focused strategies continue attracting institutional capital. Public filings now serve as a key source for monitoring that steady accumulation.

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BlackRock Enters DeFi Via UniSwap, Bitcoin Stages Modest Recovery

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BlackRock Enters DeFi Via UniSwap, Bitcoin Stages Modest Recovery

BlackRock made its first formal move into decentralized finance this week, listing its tokenized Treasury fund on Uniswap, with Bitcoin and Ether staging only modest rebounds amid heavy ETF outflows.

Bitcoin (BTC) and Ether (ETH) each rose about 2.5% during the past week but were unable to cross key psychological levels due to mixed exchange-traded fund (ETF) flows and crypto investor sentiment sinking to record lows.

Bitcoin ETFs started the week with two consecutive days of inflows, but they quickly reversed with $276 million in outflows on Wednesday and $410 million on Thursday.

Ether ETFs saw similar flows, with two modest days of inflows, followed by $129 million in outflows on Wednesday and $113 million on Thursday, according to Farside Investors data.

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In a silver lining to the correction, Bitcoin’s sharp drawdown to $59,930 may have marked a critical “halfway point” in the current bear market, as markets are now sitting at a critical inflection point that will determine the relevance of the four-year cycle theory, according to Kaiko Research.

Despite sliding crypto valuations, large institutions continue exploring cryptocurrency adoption, including the world’s largest asset manager, BlackRock, which announced its first foray into decentralized finance (DeFi) on Wednesday.

Bitcoin ETF inflows, in USD million. Source: Farside Investors

BlackRock enters DeFi, taps Uniswap for institutional token trading

Asset management giant BlackRock is making its first formal move into decentralized finance by bringing its tokenized US Treasury fund to Uniswap, marking a milestone moment for institutional adoption of DeFi.

According to a Wednesday announcement, BlackRock’s USD Institutional Digital Liquidity Fund (BUIDL) will be listed on the Uniswap decentralized exchange, allowing institutional investors to buy and sell the tokenized security. 

As part of the arrangement, BlackRock is also purchasing an undisclosed amount of Uniswap’s native governance token, UNI, the announcement said.

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The collaboration is being facilitated by tokenization company Securitize, which partnered with the world’s biggest asset manager on the launch of BUIDL.

According to Fortune, trading will initially be limited to a select group of eligible institutional investors and market makers before expanding more broadly.

“For the first time, institutions and whitelisted investors can access technology from a leader in the decentralized finance space to trade tokenized real-world assets like BUIDL with self-custody,” said Securitize CEO Carlos Domingo.

Source: Securitize

BUIDL is the biggest tokenized money market fund, with more than $2.18 billion in total assets, according to data compiled by RWA.xyz. The fund is issued across multiple blockchains, including Ethereum, Solana, BNB Chain, Aptos and Avalanche. 

In December, BUIDL reached a key milestone, surpassing $100 million in cumulative distributions from its Treasury holdings.

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BlackRock’s BUIDL metrics. Source: RWA.xyz

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Trump family’s WLFI plans FX and remittance platform: Report

World Liberty Financial (WLFI), a decentralized finance (DeFi) platform backed by the family of US President Donald Trump, announced on Thursday that it will launch foreign currency exchange (FX) and remittance services for its users.

The planned foreign exchange and remittance platform, called World Swap, seeks to challenge traditional remittance and FX service providers with lower fees and a simplified user interface, according to Reuters.

Daily global FX trading volume surpassed $9.6 trillion in April 2025, according to a report from the Bank for International Settlements (BIS), and the personal remittances market topped $892 billion in annual volume in 2024, according to data from the World Bank.

Business, Forex, Donald Trump, DeFi
Annual remittances volume from 1970 to 2024. Source: World Bank

No exact timeline was given for the rollout. Cointelegraph reached out to World Liberty Financial but did not receive a response by the time of publication.

The expansion into FX and remittances follows WLFI’s application for a national trust bank charter in January and the launch of World Liberty Markets, a lending platform, as WLFI continues to grow while attracting scrutiny from Democratic lawmakers in the US.

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Uniswap scores early win as US judge dismisses Bancor patent suit

A New York federal judge dismissed a patent infringement lawsuit brought by Bancor-affiliated entities against Uniswap, ruling that the asserted patents claim abstract ideas and are not eligible for protection under US patent law.

In a memorandum opinion and order on Tuesday, Judge John G. Koeltl of the US District Court for the Southern District of New York granted the defendant’s motion to dismiss the complaint filed by Bprotocol Foundation and LocalCoin Ltd. against Universal Navigation Inc. and the Uniswap Foundation. 

The court found that the patents are directed to the abstract idea of calculating crypto exchange rates and therefore fail the two-step test for patent eligibility established by the US Supreme Court. 

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The ruling marks a procedural win for Uniswap, but it is not final. The case was dismissed without prejudice, giving the plaintiffs 21 days to file an amended complaint. If no amended complaint is filed, the dismissal will convert to one with prejudice.

Shortly after the ruling, Uniswap founder Hayden Adams wrote on X, “A lawyer just told me we won.”

“Uniswap Labs has always been proud to build in public — it’s a core value of DeFi,” a Uniswap Labs spokesperson told Cointelegraph. “We’re pleased that the court recognized that this lawsuit was meritless.”

Law, Patents, United States, Bancor, DeFi, Uniswap, DEX
Source: Hayden Adams

Cointelegraph reached out to representatives of Bprotocol Foundation for comment but had not received a response by publication.

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Binance completes $1 billion Bitcoin conversion for SAFU emergency fund

Binance completed the $1 billion Bitcoin conversion for its emergency fund, committing to holding Bitcoin as its core reserve asset.

Binance purchased another $304 million worth of Bitcoin (BTC) on Thursday, completing the conversion of $1 billion in Bitcoin for its Secure Asset Fund for Users (SAFU) wallet, according to Arkham data.

The fund now holds 15,000 Bitcoin, worth over $1 billion, acquired at an average aggregate cost basis of $67,000 per coin, Binance said in a Thursday X post.

 “With SAFU Fund now fully in Bitcoin, we reinforce our belief in BTC as the premier long-term reserve asset.”

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The last tranche of BTC came three days after Binance’s previous $300 million acquisition on Monday.

Binance SAFU Fund wallet. Source: Arkham

The exchange first announced it would convert its $1 billion user protection fund into Bitcoin on Jan. 30, initially pledging a 30-day window for the acquisitions, which were completed in less than two weeks.

The exchange said it would rebalance the fund if volatility pushes its value below $800 million.

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Vitalik draws line between “real DeFi” and centralized yield stablecoins

Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin drew a clear boundary around what he considers “real” decentralized finance (DeFi), pushing back against yield-driven stablecoin strategies that he says fail to meaningfully transform risk. 

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In a discussion on X, Buterin said that DeFi derives its value from changing how risk is allocated and managed, not simply from generating yield on centralized assets. 

Buterin’s comments come amid renewed scrutiny over DeFi’s dominant use cases, particularly in lending markets built around fiat-backed stablecoins like USDC (USDC). 

While he did not name specific protocols, Buterin took aim at what he described as “USDC yield” products, saying they depend heavily on centralized issuers while offering little reduction in issuer or counterparty risk.

Source: Vitalik Buterin

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DeFi market overview

According to data from Cointelegraph Markets Pro and TradingView, most of the 100 largest cryptocurrencies by market capitalization ended the week in the green.

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The Pippin (PIPPIN) token rose 195% as the week’s biggest gainer in the top 100, followed by the Humanity Protocol (H) token, up 57% during the past week.

Total value locked in DeFi. Source: DefiLlama

Thanks for reading our summary of this week’s most impactful DeFi developments. Join us next Friday for more stories, insights and education regarding this dynamically advancing space.