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VARA clarifies token issuance framework for virtual assets in Dubai

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VARA clarifies token issuance framework for virtual assets in Dubai

Dubai’s Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority has published a detailed guidance document detailing how token issuers should operate.

Summary

  • VARA has published detailed guidance clarifying how virtual assets should be structured, disclosed, and distributed in Dubai.
  • The framework defines three issuance categories and assigns clear responsibilities to issuers and licensed intermediaries.
  • Stablecoins and asset-referenced tokens now face specific requirements on reserves, disclosures, and investor protections.

Rather than introducing new legislation, the document interprets VARA’s existing Virtual Asset Issuance Rulebook, offering clearer direction on how different types of tokens should be handled in practice. 

The update comes as the regulator continues to refine its bespoke framework for digital assets, distancing itself from jurisdictions that rely on traditional securities or payments laws to govern token launches.

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Classifications based on risks

At the core of the guidance is a three-part classification system that separates token issuances based on their structure and risk profile. 

Category 1 covers fiat-referenced and asset-referenced virtual assets, including stablecoins and RWA-style tokens, while Category 2 applies to issuances that must be distributed through VARA-licensed intermediaries. A third group carves out exempt virtual assets with limited functionality, reducing compliance burdens for simpler use cases.

Each pathway comes with clearly defined responsibilities. In Category 2 issuances, licensed distributors are tasked with conducting due diligence and ensuring ongoing compliance, placing accountability not just on issuers but also on entities involved in distribution. The framework moves away from treating all tokens as uniform products, instead aligning oversight with how each asset functions in the market.

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The framework includes specific provisions for stablecoins and asset-referenced tokens, setting expectations around reserve assets, redemption rights, and legal structuring.

Speaking to crypto media, Ruben Bombardi, general counsel at Virtual Assets Regulatory Authority, said the regime offers “greater regulatory clarity,” as many virtual assets do not map neatly onto existing categories.

Bombardi said the framework is designed to support “informed decision-making” by improving how risks and asset characteristics are disclosed to users.

The update builds on a series of recent moves by the regulator to expand its rulebook in line with market activity. Earlier this month, VARA expanded its framework for exchanges to cover crypto derivatives.

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Crypto World

Operation Atlantic Freezes $12M in Crypto Scam Proceeds

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Operation Atlantic Freezes $12M in Crypto Scam Proceeds

Authorities in the United States, United Kingdom and Canada have frozen millions of dollars tied to crypto scams in a joint enforcement operation called Operation Atlantic.

The operation, focused on phishing attacks, took place in March and was coordinated by the UK’s National Crime Agency (NCA), the US Secret Service, the Ontario Provincial Police and the Ontario Securities Commission.

Operation Atlantic identified more than 20,000 victims across the US, Canada and the UK, securing and freezing more than $12 million in suspected criminal proceeds, the NCA said Thursday. It also identified “more than $45 million stolen in cryptocurrency fraud schemes,” the agency added.

“Operation Atlantic is a powerful example of what is possible when international agencies and private industry work side by side,” NCA Deputy Director of Investigations Miles Bonfield said.

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The operation involved assistance from major cryptocurrency exchange Binance, according to a separate statement by the company.

Source: NCA

What is an approval phishing scam?

Approval phishing scams trick users into signing malicious permissions that allow attackers to access and drain crypto wallets.

Unlike typical scams, where perpetrators trick victims into sending them crypto, approval phishing misleads victims into unknowingly authorizing malicious transactions that allow scammers to spend specific tokens inside the victim’s wallet.

Source: Chainalysis

“Approval phishing is one of the most damaging types of scams targeting crypto users today,” said Flavio Tonon, Binance’s senior regional advisor for the Europe, Middle East and Africa region.

Related: Drift explains $280M exploit as critics question Circle over USDC freeze

He noted that the operation underscores how effective crime fighting is possible when private and public partners work together, adding that blockchain transparency makes it difficult for criminals to get away with phishing exploits.

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No funds were frozen on Binance as part of the operation

Operation Atlantic included on-site investigations at the NCA’s London headquarters, where Binance said its Special Investigations team provided support, including live account screening and scam intelligence.

The company also provided insights on potential bad actors in order to assist with asset seizure efforts, and conducted research that identified scam websites that were still actively defrauding victims at the time of the operation.

Binance said no funds were frozen on Binance accounts.

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