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Why is crypto down? 6 key factors from Bitwise’s Matt Hougan

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Why is crypto down? 6 key factors from Bitwise's Matt Hougan

Bitcoin has taken a significant hit recently, falling 14% in a single day and 25% over the past week. And this bear market could extend for several months before it fully bottoms, according to Bitwise’s Matt Hougan.

Summary

  • Bitcoin’s recent drop is driven by factors like investors preemptively adjusting to the four-year cycle, competition from AI and metals, and a major leveraged liquidation event.
  • While the market has fallen 54% from its peak, previous downturns have been more severe, Hougan says.
  • Regulatory progress and innovation will drive future growth, Hougan says. Fortune favors patient investors.

Although Bitcoin has shown a brief recovery, trading nearly 50% below its all-time high, investors are left grappling with questions: Why is the market down? Could it fall further? And when will it bottom?

6 key factors

According to Hougan, Bitwise’s chief investment officer, there are several complex reasons behind the current crypto market downturn, but six primary factors stand out.

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  1. The Four-Year Cycle: A major reason for the pullback is that long-term investors have been selling to preemptively adjust for the four-year market cycle, where crypto sees strong bull years followed by inevitable pullbacks. Investors, wary of a repeat of previous cycles, have sold significant portions of their holdings—estimated to be over $100 billion in Bitcoin last year alone.
  2. Competition from Other Markets: Crypto has enjoyed significant retail interest, but now AI stocks and precious metals are pulling some attention away. “Attention investors,” who flocked to crypto in recent years, are now diverting their capital elsewhere.
  3. The October 10 Leverage Liquidation: The crypto market also faced the largest leveraged liquidation event in history following an unexpected announcement by former President Donald Trump. This event triggered panic selling in the absence of traditional market liquidity, further depressing prices.
  4. Concerns Over Federal Reserve Leadership: President Trump’s nomination of Kevin Warsh for Federal Reserve Chair raised concerns, particularly among investors who feared Warsh’s hawkish stance on interest rates, creating unease in broader markets, including crypto.
  5. Rising Fears of Quantum Computing: There’s a growing anxiety within the crypto community about the potential threat of quantum computing, which could undermine the security of Bitcoin. While many believe it’s a long-term issue, the lack of visible action has led some investors to retreat from the market.
  6. Macro Risk-Off Sentiment: A broader shift in global markets towards risk-off sentiment has affected Bitcoin. Alongside Bitcoin’s struggles, other assets like gold, silver, and tech stocks have also seen steep declines.

Could crypto fall further?

While the market’s current drawdown of 54% from its peak seems severe, Hougan cautions that it could go lower.

Previous downturns have been much larger—Bitcoin fell 86% in 2014, 84% in 2018, and 77% in 2022.

Historical trends suggest that bear markets typically last 12-13 months, so this current slump might not be over yet. However, given crypto’s maturing nature, a 77% drop seems unlikely, though it remains a possibility.

What could help it recover?

For many seasoned investors, this moment feels similar to past bear markets in 2018 and 2022, which were followed by massive rallies. Investors who bought the dip in those years saw substantial returns—around 2,000% from 2018 and 300% from 2022.

The fundamentals supporting crypto are still in place: a growing demand for digital currencies, increasing regulatory clarity, and innovations like tokenization and stablecoins continue to drive the sector forward.

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The timing of the market bottom remains uncertain, but recovery often comes through time and exhaustion. Specific catalysts could accelerate recovery, such as regulatory developments like the Clarity Act, the continued rise of AI-linked crypto projects, or a return to risk-on market sentiment.

For now, Hougan advises patience. While it’s impossible to predict the exact moment the market will turn, the long-term outlook for crypto remains promising for those with the fortitude to weather the storm.

Crypto markets are volatile, and the current downturn could continue in the short term, Hougan adds. However, for investors with a long-term perspective, history suggests that bear markets often precede significant growth.

With key factors like regulatory advancements and growing adoption still in play, he argues that crypto’s future still holds substantial upside, making the current moment a potential buying opportunity for those prepared to wait.

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Crypto World

China formalizes sweeping ban on crypto trading and RWA tokenization

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China formalizes sweeping ban on crypto trading and RWA tokenization

China has moved to lock down virtually all crypto and real‑world asset (RWA) tokenization activity, issuing a new notice that declares such operations illegal financial activity and extends liability across the entire service stack.

Summary

Core of the new notice

The joint circular from the People’s Bank of China (PBoC) and seven other ministries states bluntly that “virtual currency does not have the same legal status as legal tender” and that tokens such as “Bitcoin, Ether, Tether…do not have legal compensation and shall not and cannot be used as currency in the market.” All “virtual currency‑related business activities” — including fiat–crypto exchange, crypto–crypto trading, market‑making, information intermediation, token issuance and crypto‑linked financial products — “are illegal financial activities” and are to be “strictly prohibited” and “resolutely banned.”

Real‑world asset tokenization is folded into the same risk bucket. Authorities define RWA tokenization as converting ownership or income rights into tokens for issuance and trading, and warn that such activities in China “shall be prohibited” unless explicitly approved on designated financial infrastructure. Offshore entities are also barred from “illegally providing…RWA tokenization‑related services” to onshore users.

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Enforcement, mining and offshore routes

The notice hardens the multi‑agency framework first laid out in 2021’s Yinfa No. 237, which labeled key crypto activities as illegal and banned offshore exchanges from serving mainland clients. Financial institutions and payment firms are now forbidden from opening accounts, transferring funds, settling, custoding, or insuring any virtual‑asset‑linked product. Internet platforms may not provide “online business venues, commercial displays, marketing, traffic‑buying or paid promotion” for crypto or RWA services and must help shut down relevant websites, apps and public accounts.

Beijing also renews its campaign against mining, ordering provinces to “comprehensively identify and shut down existing virtual currency ‘mining’ projects” and “strictly prohibit” any new capacity. On offshore structuring, regulators apply a “same business, same risk, same rules” principle: domestic entities and the overseas vehicles they control may not issue virtual currencies or conduct RWA‑style securitizations based on onshore assets without prior approval, filing or registration.

Market context and price action

The clampdown lands in a market where global traders continue to treat digital assets as high‑beta macro risk. Bitcoin (BTC) trades near $66,005, down roughly 7.9% over the last 24 hours. Ethereum (ETH) changes hands around $1,890, lower by about 11.6% on the day. Solana (SOL) sits near $77.8, off approximately 15.4% in 24‑hour terms.

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The notice takes immediate effect and simultaneously repeals the landmark 2021 circular on virtual‑currency speculation, signaling that China’s stance has shifted from episodic crackdowns to a durable, high‑pressure regime designed to “maintain economic and financial order and social stability” and leave no grey zone for crypto or RWA experimentation.

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ARK Invest Sells Coinbase And Buys Bullish Shares

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ARK Invest Sells Coinbase And Buys Bullish Shares

ARK Invest, the asset manager led by prominent Bitcoin bull Cathie Wood, has shifted from buying to selling Coinbase stock, as the shares dipped 13% and hit multi-month lows.

On Thursday, ARK offloaded 119,236 Coinbase (COIN) shares, valued at roughly $17.4 million, according to a trade filing seen by Cointelegraph.

The sale comes just a day after a modest 3,510-share ($630,000) purchase on Tuesday, following a series of buys at higher prices earlier in 2026.

This marks ARK’s first Coinbase sale of 2026 and its first since August 2025, signaling a shift in trading strategy. The cryptocurrency exchange’s stock is down around 37% year-to-date, according to Nasdaq data.

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ARK sold Coinbase and bought Bullish

ARK spent almost the same amount it dumped in Coinbase shares to acquire 716,030 shares ($17.8 million) in Bullish (BLSH), an institution-focused digital asset platform that listed on the New York Stock Exchange in August 2025.

Since the trading launch, Bullish shares had slumped more than 60% to $24.9 on Thursday’s close, according to NYSE data.

An excerpt from ARK’s trade notification for Thursday. Source: ARK

Related: BlackRock’s IBIT hits daily volume record of $10B amid Bitcoin crash

ARK was one of the largest buyers of Bullish’s IPO, alongside investment giant BlackRock.

ARK holds $312 million in Coinbase stock

ARK’s latest Coinbase sale comes amid a sharp crypto market pullback, with Bitcoin (BTC) dipping below $70,000 on Thursday to briefly touch $60,000 on Friday.

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For ARK, a major backer of Coinbase during tough market conditions, the move marks a notable reversal.

Coinbase, Bitcoin Price, Stocks, ARK
Coinbase shares have slumped around 37% year-to-date. Source: TradingView

To date, ARK still holds $312 million in Coinbase shares across its three funds — the ARK Innovation ETF (ARKK), ARK Next Generation Internet ETF (ARKW) and ARK Fintech Innovation ETF (ARKF), with COIN representing 3.7%, 3.4%, and 4.95% of each fund, respectively.

Since its April 2021 trading debut, Coinbase stock has fallen about 60%, from an opening price of $381, according to Nasdaq data.

Magazine: Bitcoin’s ‘miner exodus,’ UK bans some Coinbase crypto ads: Hodler’s Digest, Jan. 25 – 31