The woman, referred to as Mrs Y, was given dog food by care workers contracted to deliver home care for Portsmouth City Council, with an ombudsman report finding the care amounted to a ‘significant personal injustice’ in the months before her death

A woman was fed dog food by care workers who were unable to read the label during the final months of her life.

Portsmouth City Council has issued an apology following the incident, after care workers employed by Radis, who were contracted to provide home care on behalf of the council, committed a ‘litany of errors’.

A report by the Local Government and Social Care Ombudsman found that the care the woman received amounted to a “significant personal injustice” as she was regularly left alone for “prolonged periods of time” or went without food.

The woman, referred to as Mrs Y, was receiving at-home care from GP Homecare Ltd, also known as Radis.

She had been left with limited mobility and was bedbound after suffering a fall in April 2024, with care workers attending her home on a daily basis, reports the Daily Star.

Mrs Y’s son raised safeguarding concerns regarding a “lack of management oversight at Radis”, claiming that staff failed to refer to her care plan, visits were not recorded properly and a ‘Do Not Attempt Resuscitation’ document was found “scrunched up in a cupboard”.

A Section 42 safeguarding enquiry was launched by the council to examine the concerns, while Radis commenced an internal investigation.

Mrs Y suffered a mini-stroke and it was agreed by her family and Radis that she needed a “soft diet due to the increased risk of choking”.

However, in mid-June 2024, a care worker was discovered giving the woman dog food, which had been logged as a “lamb dinner”. Two care workers visited Mrs Y’s home, and a week later one raised concerns about witnessing the other “feed dog food” to Mrs Y.

The care worker “only realised the meat was dog food when they noticed the packaging in the kitchen”.

They initially attempted to reach a senior colleague to flag the incident, but their call went unanswered, leading them to report the matter in person the following week.

They were subsequently questioned by the senior manager, who asked “why they did not remove the dog food” during the visit and “why they did not report the incident on the day it happened”, before being told to remove the dog food from Mrs Y’s freezer “to prevent any other care workers doing the same”.

It was later established that the care worker “fed three mouthfuls of microwaved dog food to Mrs Y”.

“This was vacuum packed dog food stored by Mrs Z in Mrs Y’s freezer. The food was labelled as “fresh take on dog food” and “for adult dogs and puppies”.”

Following discussions between Radis and the family, it was agreed that a new care provider would be sought.

However, in July 2024, Mrs Y’s family opted to delay the new provider’s start date following a deterioration in her health, meaning Radis continued to deliver end-of-life care.

Mrs Y’s daughter alleged that “footage from Mrs Y’s home camera showed evidence of a care worker force feeding Mrs Y”.

Later in July 2024, Mrs Y passed away and it was determined she “died from frailty of old age”. Radis admitted failings in the care provided following complaints raised by Mrs Y’s family, confirmed that disciplinary action had been taken against the care workers involved, and issued an apology.

The council’s investigation further revealed that Mrs Y had been “left unattended for prolonged periods and on occasions left wet or in darkness overnight”.

The report highlighted that staffing levels were “inconsistent”, with concerns raised over workers’ “attitude, compassion and respectful communication”.

Additionally, there were “Allegations that staff falsified records and that some visits had not taken place despite being recorded”.

The ombudsman recommended that the council issue a formal apology, reimburse the care fees, and make a symbolic payment of £1,000 to the family to “recognise significant distress” and the “delays” in the safeguarding investigation.

Councillor Matthew Winnington, cabinet member for community wellbeing, health and care, said: “We accept the Ombudsman’s findings in full and recognise the seriousness of what happened in this case. We ended our contract with Radis early and we no longer work with, or commission services from them.

“The care described in this report is not the standard anyone should expect, particularly at such a vulnerable time in someone’s life. We have apologised to the family and are very sorry for the distress they have experienced; we know this has been deeply upsetting for the family.”

He went on to say: “These events happened two years ago, and since then we have taken action to strengthen how we oversee care providers…Our adult social care services recently received a ‘good’ rating from the Care Quality Commission, reflecting the wider positive experiences of residents, the strength of partnership working across the city, and the support available to help people remain independent.”

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Travel plans are being affected as water levels on major European rivers drop due to prolonged heatwaves and low rainfall.

Viking River Cruises and TUI have both warned customers of potential changes to itineraries, with recent reports of two ships running aground.

The Viking Einar ran aground on the Rhine River in Cologne, Germany, on June 29 with around 190 passengers on board.

Another vessel, the Viking Ullur, ran aground on the Danube River in Bulgaria on July 27, with all 186 passengers having to be rescued.

River cruise holidays in Europe face disruptions and itinerary changes

Viking River Cruises, in a statement on its website, said: “Sections of the Danube and Rhine Rivers are currently experiencing exceptionally low water levels.

“As a result, select Viking river itineraries may be modified.

“Viking’s nautical and operational teams are closely monitoring conditions and working to minimize any impact to guests’ travel experiences.”

The company said it was prepared for these challenges.

Viking said: “We also deploy identical sister ships on the same itinerary, sailing in opposite directions.

“In various water-level situations, when disruptions occur, we can implement ‘ship swaps’, allowing guests and their luggage to transfer to their exact same stateroom on an identical sister ship on the other side of the affected section of river.

“This approach helps minimise overall disruptions and preserve the experience our guests expect from Viking.”

TUI has also advised customers that cruise plans may be affected.

A spokesman for TUI said: “Most sailings go ahead without any disruptions, but water levels on the rivers can go up or down depending on the weather.

“If your cruise is affected, we’ll make every effort to complete your itinerary.

“To do this there may be changes to berth locations, modifying shore experiences or completing some sections of the itinerary by coach.”

Do you have a river cruise holiday in Europe booked? Let us know in the poll above or in the comments below.

By GETHIN HICKS, REPORTER

Published: 08:26 BST, 6 August 2026 | Updated: 08:36 BST, 6 August 2026

A mother spent her final moments recording a video message while trapped in a burning building, an inquest heard. 

Horse-loving Laura Foulis died aged 38 after a blaze engulfed a rural farm stable in Milnrow, Manchester, on July 3. 

Police and fire crews rushed to the scene and found Laura, from the Isle of Man, dead. Her body was only identifiable by her fingerprints. 

An inquest at Rochdale Coroner’s Court this week heard that ‘one of a kind’ Laura sent a video while trapped in the inferno. 

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The tragic footage showed the scene inside the stable, where bottles and containers had caught fire. Laura was heard saying she was ‘in a set of stables and cannot get out’. 

A neighbour said the horsewoman had been living in a mobile home at the time of her death while renovating a nearby barn and using the stables. 

The exact circumstances surrounding her passing are yet to be made clear, with a full inquest set to be held at a later date. 

Assistant Coroner Michael Salt said: ‘The circumstances of the lady’s death are not yet fully known, however given the information we have already it is clearly an unnatural death and therefore a full inquest is needed.’  

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Laura Foulis died aged 38 after becoming trapped in a burning stable in Milnrow, Greater Manchester

The horse-loving mother spent her final moments recording a video message in the inferno

Images meanwhile showed the fire completely destroyed in the aftermath of the blaze

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A man in his 40s was arrested on suspicion of murder in the aftermath of Laura’s death and released on bail pending an investigation. 

He will, however, face no further action as police believe no third-party was involved.

Witnesses reported seeing large flames and black smoke billowing into the sky as the fire raged in the stables, according to The Sun. 

Images meanwhile showed the building completely destroyed in the aftermath of the inferno. 

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Paying tribute, ex-partner David Jacobs, who Laura shared a 16-year-old son with, said he was ‘devastated’ by her death.

‘Words are lost on me at the moment,’ he said. ‘All I can say is Laura we love you and we miss you so much.’

Laura regularly posted pictures and videos of herself riding horses in the countryside on social media before she died.  

In other tributes online, friends described her as having a ‘big heart’ and thanked her for helping inspire their ‘passion for horses’.

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Leah Sykes wrote: ‘Thank you for believing in me when I didn’t believe in myself, for pushing me to be better and helping me fall in love with horses all over again.

‘You’re one of a kind and such a kind soul that will be missed by so many.’ 

Another friend, Jack McManus added: ‘RIP Laura, a hole in my heart has been made.

‘I will cherish our times together and the memories…will miss you and love you forever and a day.’

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A date for the full inquest is yet to have been set.  

Chelsea are on the verge of signing Pep Chavarria and eyeing a fresh offer for Alex Scott, though Diogo Costa will not be heading to Stamford Bridge. Manchester United remain in pursuit of Lewis Hall, while they wait to see if Guimaraes’ arrival at Arsenal could boost their hopes over Myles Lewis-Skelly. Liverpool are still pushing for Bradley Barcola as they also target PSG team-mate Ibrahim Mbaye.

Engineers from Queen’s University Belfast have been working on an innovative project for the last two years in a bid to drive forward sustainability in the industry.

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Sheep wool could be the key to making seaweed farming plastic free, according to experts.

Engineers from Queen’s University Belfast have been working on an innovative project for the last two years in a bid to drive forward sustainability in the industry.

They have been growing kelp, a large and fast-growing brown seaweed, on the wool of Whiteface sheep bred on Dartmoor, which is used to create degradable ropes, which the kelp is cultured on.

At the end of the growing period, the wool ropes, along with any residual seaweed biomass, can be processed into fertilisers, creating a fully circular solution.

Traditionally plastic ropes with residual seaweed are treated with detergents to remove biomass and are then reused, contributing to ongoing environmental issues.

The repeated use of the plastic ropes also increases wear and can lead to the release of microplastics, as well as mechanical failures, causing ropes to be lost at sea.

The researchers have focused on Norway where they say an estimated 383 tonnes of these plastic ropes are lost annually at sea.

At the end of their life, the ropes are often incinerated or sent to landfill, further contributing to environmental harm.

The Queen’s engineers, who were funded by the EPSRC Impact Acceleration Account (EPSRC IAA), started the research on an experimental seaweed farm on Strangford Lough and have since been collaborating with industry partners, The Provenance Company (UK) Ltd and Arctic Seaweeds in Norway.

This has now evolved into industrial-scale trials in Norway and Iceland.

Dr Pamela Walsh from the University’s School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, led the project.

She said: “It’s been fantastic to watch this project grow from a small proof-of-concept at Queen’s University’s experimental farm on Strangford Lough to industrial-scale trials in Norway.

“The EPSRC IAA funding was the catalyst that enabled us to test the concept and we are now confident that plastic-free solutions for seaweed farming can work at scale, in collaboration with our industrial partners.”

Meanwhile, further funding from Innovate UK has allowed the team to develop advanced marine ropes and complete industrial-scale trials, funded by Arctic Seaweeds at the Trettosen Seaweed Farm in Bergen, Norway.

The trials have been successful at cultivating three different types of seaweed species – Ulva, Saccharina latissimi and Alaria esculenta – on 100% pure wool longlines at industrial scale, which is described as a first for the industry.

Kim Kristensen, chief executive and founder of Arctic Seaweed, commended the project.

“From the very first deployment of seeded lines 10 years ago, we have been looking for alternative solutions to the polyester fibre rope most commonly used to cultivate seaweed,” she said.

“We are thrilled to be part of this project, which is helping solve a key challenge in making seaweed farming more sustainable and circular.”

Founder of The Provenance Company (UK) Ltd, Kim Stead, added: “Working with Queen’s University Belfast reflects years of collaboration, innovation, and belief that natural materials can play a vital role in solving some of the world’s most pressing environmental challenges.

“Having the opportunity to test our products in a live commercial environment with Arctic Seaweed has allowed us to prove this concept at scale.

“This opens an exciting new chapter for our farmers, British wool and British manufacturing, while contributing to a circular economy.”

For all the latest news, visit the Belfast Live homepage here and sign up to our daily newsletter here.

The woman’s son claimed that staff failed to consult her care plan and visits were not accurately recorded before her death

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A vulnerable woman was fed dog food by care workers who were unable to read the label during the final months of her life.

Portsmouth City Council has issued a formal apology following the incident, after care workers employed by Radis — contracted to provide home care on behalf of the council — committed a ‘litany of errors’.

An investigation carried out by the Local Government and Social Care Ombudsman found that the care the woman received amounted to a “significant personal injustice”, as she was repeatedly left alone for “prolonged periods of time” or denied food altogether.

The woman, identified in reports as Mrs Y, received home care from GP Homecare Ltd, trading as Radis.

Following a fall in April 2024, she was left with severely limited mobility and confined to her bed, with care workers visiting her home on a daily basis, reports the Daily Star.

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Mrs Y’s son raised safeguarding concerns regarding a “lack of management oversight at Radis”, claiming that staff failed to consult her care plan, visits were not accurately recorded, and a ‘Do Not Attempt Resuscitation’ document was found “scrunched up in a cupboard”.

Portsmouth City Council subsequently launched a Section 42 safeguarding enquiry to examine the allegations, while Radis began its own internal investigation.

After Mrs Y suffered a mini-stroke, her family and Radis agreed she required a “soft diet due to the increased risk of choking”.

Despite this, in mid-June 2024, a care worker was discovered feeding the woman dog food, recorded in notes as a “lamb dinner”. Two care workers visited Mrs Y’s home, and a week later one raised concerns about witnessing the other “feed dog food” to Mrs Y.

The care worker “only realised the meat was dog food when they noticed the packaging in the kitchen”.

They initially attempted to reach a senior colleague to flag the incident, but their call went unanswered, leading them to report the matter in person the following week.

They were then questioned by the senior manager, who asked “why they did not remove the dog food” during the visit and “why they did not report the incident on the day it happened”, and were instructed to remove the dog food from Mrs Y’s freezer “to prevent any other care workers doing the same”.

It was later established that the care worker “fed three mouthfuls of microwaved dog food to Mrs Y”.

“This was vacuum packed dog food stored by Mrs Z in Mrs Y’s freezer. The food was labelled as “fresh take on dog food” and “for adult dogs and puppies”.

Following discussions between Radis and the family, it was agreed that a new care provider would be needed.

However, in July 2024, Mrs Y’s family opted to delay the new provider’s start date following a deterioration in her health, meaning Radis continued to deliver end-of-life care.

Mrs Y’s daughter alleged that “footage from Mrs Y’s home camera showed evidence of a care worker force feeding Mrs Y”.

Later in July 2024, Mrs Y passed away and it was determined she “died from frailty of old age”. Radis admitted failings in the care delivered following complaints from Mrs Y’s relatives, confirmed disciplinary measures taken against the carers and issued an apology.

The council’s inquiry also uncovered that Mrs Y was “left unattended for prolonged periods and on occasions left wet or in darkness overnight”.

The findings revealed that staffing levels were “inconsistent”, with worries raised about employees’ “attitude, compassion and respectful communication”.

There were additionally “Allegations that staff falsified records and that some visits had not taken place despite being recorded”.

The ombudsman recommended the council apologise, reimburse the care charges, and provide a symbolic payment of £1,000 to the relatives to “recognise significant distress” and the “delays” in the safeguarding investigation.

Councillor Matthew Winnington, cabinet member for community wellbeing, health and care, said: “We accept the Ombudsman’s findings in full and recognise the seriousness of what happened in this case. We ended our contract with Radis early and we no longer work with, or commission services from them.

“The care described in this report is not the standard anyone should expect, particularly at such a vulnerable time in someone’s life. We have apologised to the family and are very sorry for the distress they have experienced; we know this has been deeply upsetting for the family.”

He went on to say: “These events happened two years ago, and since then we have taken action to strengthen how we oversee care providers… Our adult social care services recently received a ‘good’ rating from the Care Quality Commission, reflecting the wider positive experiences of residents, the strength of partnership working across the city, and the support available to help people remain independent.”

Barcelona remain relaxed about Torres’ situation despite the growing uncertainty surrounding his future. They say they will speak to him when he returns to training, as planned.

He was not a regular starter under Hansi Flick last season and ended the campaign with 21 goals and three assists in 49 appearances.

But he is one of the club’s most trusted and versatile attacking options, rotating primarily with Robert Lewandowski – who has since signed for Chicago Fire – as a central striker while also providing cover across the front three.

Barcelona are ultimately keen to extend his contract but any new agreement is expected to keep Torres within the existing wage structure rather than include a substantial salary increase.

Reports suggest the club would look to delay formal negotiations until September – after the transfer window has closed – so as not to affect Financial Fair Play calculations and their ability to do business during the current window.

Renewing Torres’ deal would also reportedly trigger, external a payment of almost £7m to former club Manchester City, because of a clause included in his contract when he signed in the 2022 January transfer window.

Barcelona have received no formal offers for the Spain international although, as with any member of the squad, they would consider an offer if one were made.

PSG, managed by former Barcelona coach Luis Enrique, remain interested in the forward and are monitoring developments closely as Barcelona prepare to present their proposal.

The forward may feel he heads into those negotiations from a position of strength.

They come with the club still seeking a long-term number nine solution, with a move for Atletico Madrid’s Julian Alvarez remaining uncertain.

That means, following Lewandowski’s departure at the end of his contract in June, Torres is the only senior Barcelona forward with significant experience of playing as a central striker.

India and Pakistan fought an intense four-day war in May 2025. But while the media narrative was dominated by fighter jets, drones and missiles, the most consequential contest unfolded in orbit a few hundred kilometres up.

That short war was, arguably, the first between two nuclear-armed states to be shaped decisively by the use of satellites. Few analysts acknowledged this – and the silence matters. South Asia is now sliding into a new kind of arms race with no rules to restrain it.

The opening night on May 6 carried a lesson that should unsettle far larger air forces than those of the two countries involved. Pakistan, with a smaller military, fought a tightly networked battle that fused ground radar, airborne early warning, data links and satellite navigation into a single kill chain, planning and executing attacks. Pakistan’s strategy has been developed by an air force whose leadership had drilled that doctrine for years.

Pakistani officials claimed that one of their Chinese-built J-10C fighters downed an Indian Rafale with a PL-15 missile at more than 200kms. This was a kill made from beyond visual range – something with little precedent in combat. India disputes the account, but its own chief of defence staff later conceded that the air force lost aircraft that day.

India regrouped and struck back hard over the following days. But the opening exchange was decided less by numbers, or by any single aircraft’s specifications, than by how well each side fused its radar, early warning, data links and missiles into one system, and by the training of the crews flying it.

Sitting over all this was space-based technology. Modern strikes run on satellites: satellite imagery to find targets, navigation to guide weapons and links to hold it together. Both sides drew on them and both used them to reach beyond their borders.

Despite the strength of India’s defence manufacturing industry, Delhi fell back on imagery bought from US commercial satellite firm Maxar Technologies to assess the damage its strikes had caused. Pakistan leaned on Chinese systems. According to India’s own deputy army chief, Beijing fed Pakistan live inputs on Indian deployments – and researchers have describe how a BeiDou-enabled satellite network (the Chinese equivalent of GPS) reportedly supplied targeting data during the fighting.

This is where the familiar story about Pakistan’s dependence on China needs correcting. Reliance on a great power patron is not peculiar to Pakistan – most countries start out developing their space programme this way. India launched its first satellite on a Soviet rocket in 1975 and built its heavy-lift capability around Russian cryogenic engines, the high-efficiency rocket motors that burn super-cooled liquid fuel to launch heavy satellites, acquired in 1991.

China itself began with Soviet missile designs. Pakistan’s turn to China, after years of relying on a US system it feared could be switched off in a crisis, is a rational decision of the same kind India once made when it sourced most of its weapons and its first satellite launch from Moscow rather than the west.

Borrowed capability still comes with a cost. Commercial and allied space assets are becoming a strategic equaliser in South Asia, giving a smaller state capabilities it could not achieve on its own. The risk is that this hands a third power a seat inside a bilateral nuclear rivalry and ties a regional quarrel to the wider contest between Washington, Moscow and Beijing.

India has chosen to respond with sheer volume, fast-tracking a home-grown programme worth US$3.2 billion (£2.4 billion) for 52 dedicated military satellites to watch Pakistan, China and the Indian Ocean, plus a new space doctrine and counterspace arsenal. It has already demonstrated its ability to destroy a satellite in orbit in its 2019 Mission Shakti test. Pakistan is likely to respond by deepening its partnership with China.

Split-second decisions

The deeper hazard is not a battle in orbit but the way these systems compress the timing with which operational decisions are made. When commanders can watch an adversary almost in real time and believe a target can be struck within minutes, the pull to move first, before the target slips away, becomes hard to resist.

As I have written on the doctrine of limited air wars, nuclear neighbours rarely escalate deliberately. They tend to stumble into conflict under time pressure. Satellites do not make these states reckless. They reduce the margin for miscalculation.

And there is no rule book. The 1967 Outer Space Treaty bans weapons of mass destruction in orbit, but is silent on the conventional, electronic and cyber tools that actually shaped this war. Fresh norms have stalled. India has abstained from recent United Nations resolutions on responsible behaviour in space, wary of a rule-making process it sees as led by the established western space powers and shaped without India’s full say.

Meanwhile, Pakistan urges a restraint it cannot yet enforce. Nothing in the space domain resembles even the imperfect hotlines and arms-control treaties that disciplined the cold war rivalry between Washington and Moscow.

For years, the debate about war in space has focused on the US, China and Russia. Yet it may be here, between two states partitioned in 1947 that have fought four wars since, that the world first sees what space-enabled conflict between nuclear powers really looks like.

Having spent 17 years in the Pakistan Air Force before turning to research, I think the May war is not so much a story about Pakistan’s reliance on China than as two nuclear rivals racing the same space-enabled technology ahead of any restraint. The tools are advancing fast. The guardrails are not.

To some, the very idea of storing your eggs in a cupboard rather than the door of the fridge is horrifying.

Others will tell you that a bar of chocolate tastes far better when it’s chilled to the point that it could break your teeth.

There are those who insist that an open bottle of ketchup must be refrigerated – but who wants cold tomato sauce on their hot chips?

Is it any wonder that we’re all slightly baffled about what we should and shouldn’t chill? A survey found that three-quarters of us are so confused it’s leading to domestic fallouts.

To avoid further friction, here’s the ultimate expert guide to what you should keep in the fridge and what’s better off in the cupboard.

Eggs

When it comes to the ‘to chill or not to chill’ debate, eggs are undoubtedly the most contentious item.

Our fridges all come with egg storage containers, so surely that’s where we should keep them? But attempting to boil an egg from the fridge usually leads to some very lonely soldiers after the egg cracks and explodes.

Specialist dietician Nichola Ludlam-Raine says: ‘Eggs are better off in the fridge. However, keep them in the original box on a shelf, not a compartment in the door as that’s the area most variable in temperature.’

Butter

A dairy product, so logic dictates it should be chilled. But as everyone knows, if you try to spread it straight from the fridge it ends up tearing a huge hole in your £6 loaf of sourdough.

Previous generations stored their butter in a dish in a cool larder, keeping it deliciously soft. Should we be going the same way?

Nichola says: ‘Butter is now available in a form that will spread straight from the fridge. They add extra rapeseed oil and water to achieve that.

‘When people kept butter in a dish in the larder it was before the days of central heating. Modern houses are much warmer. A block of pure butter would be ok in a dish in cool weather, especially salted. But, generally, it’s better in the fridge.’

Bread and cake

A survey found that three-quarters of us are so confused about what to store in the fridge or the cupboard it causes domestic fallouts

Who wants dry, crusty bread? Keeping loaves in the fridge is an odd one but the popularity of huge, American-style fridges means that Brits store the majority of their food there, freeing up cupboard space for their ever-growing array of trendy kitchen gadgets.

Nichola says: ‘Refrigerated bread will be slower to grow mould but the starch firms up very quickly and it’s going to go stale much sooner, so there’s no value to chilling it. A bread bin on the side is best. Cakes contain a lot of sugar and so will last well in an airtight container in a cool, dark place.’

Fruit

What home doesn’t have a fruit bowl? All the fruit thrown in together, usually with a brown banana buried at the bottom and a pineapple that gets binned because nobody knows how to cut it up. But is a fruit bowl now old-fashioned?

Nichola says: ‘Fruit ripens better and faster at room temperature, so keep things out of the fridge until they’re ready to eat. Bananas are best out of a fridge always and stored on their own as they give off ethylene gas, which causes other fruits to spoil.

‘Apples are fine in a bowl but will last longer in a fridge and chilling won’t alter the taste. Remove bad apples from the chiller drawer, though, as they’ll turn the other ones. Ripen avocados on the side and then refrigerate.’

Vegetables

Did you know that potatoes and onions are the sworn enemies of the vegetable world and should never be kept together? Onions give off ethylene gas that will cause the potato to sprout and rot, while the potato releases water vapour that makes the onion go soft and mouldy.

The official advice about where to store your spuds has changed.

Previously, the advice was not to refrigerate in order to prevent ‘cold sweetening’ – the formation of additional sugars which convert to higher levels of potentially-carcinogenic acrylamide when cooked. Food scientists now believe this not to be the case.

Nichola says: ‘Most people keep their potatoes in a cupboard but they’ll keep for much longer if you refrigerate them. Onions and garlic are fine in a pantry until they’re cut. Leafy green veg should always be chilled to preserve nutrients.

‘Instagram is full of reels of influencers unwrapping their vegetables, washing and then storing. Don’t! Keep them in the wrappers until you use them.’

Tomatoes & salad

Nichola says produce like tomatoes can be kept out of the fridge, whereas lettuce and cucumber should remain chilled in their packaging 

Visit the home of anyone with a fancy kitchen and you’re likely to see a tick-list of things. Range oven? Tick. Flashy coffee machine? Tick. Tomato bowl? Tick. But is a bowl for your tomatoes the right thing to do?

Nichola says: ‘Tomatoes taste better at room temperature and they’ll ripen better out of the fridge too. If you keep them in a bowl on the side, make sure it’s out of direct sunlight. Always keep your lettuce and cucumber chilled and in the packaging – it’s designed to be protective and preserve the produce.’

Jams and spreads

For generations, people happily kept their opened jams, spreads and marmalades in cupboards without coming to any harm, only discarded once they grew a fetching fur coat.

Now, the advice is very much to keep refrigerated. But who wants icy-cold marmalade on their hot, buttered toast? Or chilly strawberry jam on their warm scone?

Nichola says: ‘Nut butters are fine in a cool, dark cupboard and honey should be out of the fridge, otherwise it will crystalise. But with jams, the jarring is a huge part of the preservation, so once you open and let oxygen in, it will start to spoil. So, yes, in the fridge.’

Kate Hall, a food waste expert advises: ‘If it simply has to be the cupboard for you, then always use a clean spoon or knife to avoid contamination from crumbs and butter. But never scrape mould off and hope for the best!’

Chocolate

Anybody who has ever kept a bar of milk or dark chocolate in the fridge will know that it starts to turn white. It’s because of ‘sugar bloom’ and it impacts the taste too. This happens when chocolate is chilled and then exposed to warmer temperatures. Condensation on the surface dissolves some of the sugar, which then re-crystallises.

Nichola says: ‘The joy of chocolate is the melt-in-the-mouth experience, which you don’t get if it’s very cold. Keep it in a cool, dry place. In a heatwave maybe go for an airtight container.’

Olive oil

The UK olive oil industry now exceeds £1billion. Prices are expected to soar after a summer of drought and wildfires. The last thing you want to do is ruin your expensive bottle.

Nichola says: ‘Keeping the oil away from light and heat is the key to keeping it at its best. Store in a cupboard, not the fridge. If you have it on the work surface, then make sure it’s away from the oven hob.’

Ketchup and mustard

The average bottle of ketchup has an 18-month use-by date – making them a super-tough and hardy food product. Yet the labels usually instruct us to put them in the fridge after opening. If they’re packed full of vinegar and sugar do they really turn into super-wimps that need to be chilled the minute they’re opened?

Nichola says: ‘The advice from manufacturers such as Heinz is to refrigerate after opening and they’re the ones that have done the testing. Do what the labels say.’

However, Kate Hall advises: ‘Ketchups are generally high in sugar and vinegar, so the risk of keeping them in the cupboard is low, especially if they’re going to be used up quickly. But I would definitely chill them during a heatwave. Opened mustard always needs to be kept in the fridge.’