Optimize games and applications with a new unified GPU control center, capture your favorite moments with powerful recording tools through the in-game overlay, and discover the latest Nvidia tools and software.
Features
Unified GPU Control Center
The Nvidia app integrates GeForce Experience’s Optimal Game Settings and Nvidia Control Panel’s 3D Settings into a unified interface. This becomes a centralized place to review or modify optimizations while adjusting driver settings. You can customize it on a per-applications basis, or use a global profile across all games and applications.
Improved Driver Information
When it comes to your favorite games or applications, Game Ready Drivers and Studio Drivers ensure the ultimate experience for gamers and creators. A popular request from GeForce Experience users is for a quicker, more straightforward way to understand what’s included in the latest driver updates.
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In the new Driver page, we’ve introduced easy-to-scan bullet points of “what’s new” and “what’s fixed,” alongside quick callouts on game support. All driver related articles are accessible on a single carousel so you can read about game announcements or technologies associated with the driver.
Redesigned In-Game Overlay
Our In-Game Overlay has undergone a comprehensive redesign. As before, use the convenient “Alt+Z” hotkey to swiftly access Shadowplay recording tools, Freestyle Game Filters, Nvidia Highlights, photo mode, and performance monitoring tools.
In the Nvidia app, we’ve improved the user interface, enabling quick access to features while playing your favorite game or using an application. And your captured content is now readily available in the gallery through user-friendly thumbnails.
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We’ve also enhanced performance monitoring with a new statistics overlay. Gamers can now customize how the performance overlay is displayed during their gaming session with options to minimize the footprint of the HUD.
Additionally, gamers can now customize which performance metrics they would like to see during their gaming session. Simply hit Alt + R to toggle performance monitoring statistics.
Nvidia app also introduces Shadowplay 120 FPS video capture which enables a new level of smoothness in recorded content.
New AI Freestyle Filters
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Nvidia Freestyle empowers you to personalize the visual aesthetics of your favorite games through real-time post-processing filters. This feature boasts compatibility with a vast library of more than 1,200 games, and now NVIDIA app offers AI-powered filters, accelerated by Tensor Cores on GeForce RTX GPUs.
RTX Dynamic Vibrance is an AI-powered Freestyle filter that improves upon the beloved Digital Vibrance feature in the Nvidia Control Panel. RTX Dynamic Vibrance enhances visual clarity on a per app basis, providing players with a flexible and convenient way to tune their visual settings for each game. Colors pop more on screen, with perfect balance to minimize color crushing, preserving image quality and immersion.
RTX HDR, a new AI-powered Freestyle filter seamlessly brings the vibrant world of High Dynamic Range (HDR) to games that were not originally equipped with HDR support. Remarkably, only 10 of the top 50 most-played GeForce games offer HDR support and there are thousands of games that only support SDR. However, with the RTX HDR filter, you can now take advantage of your HDR-compatible monitor for a broad spectrum of games running on DX12, DX11, DX9, and Vulkan platforms.
Redeem GeForce Bundles & Rewards
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Nvidia app users get access to rewards, such as in-game content, exclusive GeForce Now premium membership offers, and more. Simply start the Nvidia app and visit the Redeem tab to check out the latest rewards.
For a limited time, users of the Nvidia app beta can redeem the GeForce Call of Duty: Modern Warfare III and Call of Duty: Warzone reward. Experience DLSS 3 in either game with a free 1 hour Double XP Boost and 1 hour Double Weapon XP Boost.
Nvidia App System Requirements
Supported Hardware
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CPU: Intel Pentium G Series, Core i3, i5, i7, or higher, AMD FX, Ryzen 3, 5, 7, 9, Threadripper or higher
GPU: GeForce RTX 20, 30, 40 and 50 Series GPUs, GeForce GTX 800, 900, 1000, 1600 Series GPUs, GeForce MX100, MX200, MX300, 800M, and 900M GPUs
What’s New
New Updates:
DLSS 4.5 Ray Reconstruction Available Now
Added support for DLSS 4.5 Ray Reconstruction on GeForce RTX Series GPUs. Access these DLSS features under Graphics > Program Settings > Driver Settings > DLSS Override – Model Presets > “Recommended”.
New Graphics Settings
Per-app Resizable BAR controls are now available in the NVIDIA app to help optimize game performance for your specific hardware setup. Access this feature under Graphics > Program Settings > Driver Settings > Resizable BAR.
Additional Updates
Added a green dot notification badge for new features, along with hover-enabled sidebar links for quick access.
Added a toggle for Windows Desktop right-click context menu for the NVIDIA app.
Migrated CUDA System Fallback policy from the NVIDIA Control Panel.
Added Borderless Windowed mode support to Optimal Playable Settings.
DLSS Override Support Added For:
007 First Light
Assassin’s Creed Black Flag Resynced
Beast of Reincarnation
Blades of Fire
Conan Exiles Enhanced
Corsair Cove
Dead as Disco
Deep Rock Galactic: Rogue Core
Directive 8020
Empulse
Fatekeeper
Forza Horizon 6
GOALS
Gothic 1 Remake
Halo: Campaign Evolved
Hell Let Loose: Vietnam
I Am Jesus Christ
LEGO Batman: Legacy of the Dark Knight
Luminary
Luna Abyss
Mistfall Hunter
Mortal Shell II
NBA THE RUN
Reaper Actual
SAND: Raiders of Sophie
Starminer
Subnautica 2
The Mound: Omen of Cthulhu
The Sinking City 2
Tides of Tomorrow
World of Tanks: HEAT
Zenless Zone Zero
STAR WARS Zero Company™
Painkiller RTX
Onimusha: Way of the Sword
NBA 2K27
The Blood of Dawnwalker
Resonance: A Plague Tale Legacy
Optimal Settings Support Added For:
007 First Light
Halo: Campaign Evolved
Mistfall Hunter
Subnautica 2
STAR WARS Zero Company™
Painkiller RTX
Onimusha: Way of the Sword
NBA 2K27
The Blood of Dawnwalker
Resonance: A Plague Tale Legacy
Squashed Bugs:
Fixed an issue where Game filters stopped working in Battlefield 4.
Fixed an compatibility issue with video playback and statistics overlay in multi-GPU configurations.
Fixed an issue where Photo Mode Super Resolution produced incorrect color output.
Fixed an issue where Image Sharpening was not working on a per-app basis.
Fixed an issue where statistic logging failed to start.
Fixed an issue where 10 bpc was unavailable for Output Color Depth on selected displays when YCbCr444 was selected.
Various stability fixes.
Nvidia App Beta 11.0.7:
New Updates
DLSS 4.5 Dynamic Multi Frame Generation Available Now
Update to DLSS 4.5 Dynamic Frame Generation on GeForce RTX 50 Series GPUs. Select “Dynamic” mode to intelligently adjust the number of generated frames during gameplay to a target frame rate, balancing frame rate, image quality, and responsiveness.
New DLSS 4.5 Multi Frame Generation 5X and 6X modes on GeForce RTX 50 Series GPUs increase 4K frame rates in path-traced titles. Paired with NVIDIA Reflex, they generate additional frames with minimal impact on responsiveness.
DLSS 4.5 Frame Generation model update on GeForce RTX 50 Series and GeForce RTX 40 Series GPUs enhances in-game user interfaces by incorporating additional engine data available for some games, improving visual quality and clarity of static UI elements.
For optimal image quality and peak performance when using ShadowPlay, the latest GeForce Game Ready Driver is required.
Access these DLSS features under Graphics > Program Settings > Driver Settings > DLSS Override – Frame Generation mode
Automatic Shader Compilation (Beta)
Rebuilds DirectX 12 shaders while your system is idle, reducing the frequency of game runtime compilation after driver updates
Control Panel Updates
Added Custom Resolution in System > Displays > Display Properties
DLSS Override Support Added For:
Arknights: Endfield
Black One Blood Brothers
Carmageddon: Rogue Shift
CODE VEIN II
Corsairs Legacy
Crimson Desert
DEATH STRANDING 2: ON THE BEACH
Demonologist
For Honor
Grounded 2
Half Sword
High On Life 2
John Carpenter’s Toxic Commando
LET IT DIE: INFERNO
LORT
Marathon
Monster Hunter Stories 3: Twisted Reflection
Nightmare Frontier
Nioh 3
NORSE: Oath of Blood
Of Ash and Steel
Quarantine Zone: The Last Check
REANIMAL
Resident Evil Requiem
Star Trek: Voyager – Across the Unknown
StarRupture
Styx: Blades of Greed
The Gold River Project
The Legend of Heroes: Trails Beyond The Horizon
Vampires: Bloodlord Rising
Yakuza Kiwami 3 & Dark Ties.
Optimal Settings Support Added For:
Arknights: Endfield
Ashes of Creation
Highguard
StarRupture
The Last Caretaker
Squashed Bugs
Overlay
Fixed an issue where Statistics shows N/A after a client update
Fixed an issue where CPU stats could flicker in idle state
Fixed an issue where microphone selections would revert to default after switching devices
Fixed an issue that prevented the use of Numpad keys for overlay shortcuts
Graphics
Fixed an issue where NVIDIA Smooth Motion setting was missing in Global Settings
Fixed an issue where NVIDIA app resolution changes were not occurring in-game
Display
Fixed an issue where changing display modes caused flickering
Installation
Fixed an intermittent issue where NVIDIA app installation did not install if PC was offline
Removed redundant restart prompt after upgrading from GeForce Experience
Various stability fixes to improve overall app reliability
Project G-Assist
Adjusted the voice prompt shortcut to prevent overlapping voice prompts while a response is still processing various UI improvements for G-Assist
Nvidia App 11.0.6.383:
New updates DLSS 4.5 Super Resolution Models Available Now
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Update to the latest DLSS 4.5 Super Resolution Models for your RTX Series GPU. Access these DLSS features under Graphics > Program Settings > Driver Settings > DLSS Override – Model Presets > “Recommended.”
Replaces “Latest” with “Recommended” mode to better align with DLSS 4.5’s new models: Model M (optimized for DLSS Performance) and Model L (optimized for 4K DLSS Ultra Performance), and Preset K for remaining DLSS modes.
Control Panel Updates
Added NVIDIA Surround features like Hotkey shortcuts and Bezel correction.
Added Debug Mode, and GPU Performance Counters in System > Advanced tab.
DLSS Override Support Added for 77 DLSS Games:
171
A Difficult Game About ROLLING – ReUpRise
A.I.L.A
AION 2
Anno 117: Pax Romana
Arc Raiders
Ashes of Creation
Assetto Corsa Rally
Astrometica
Automate It: Factory Puzzle
Bastide
Beyond Hanwell
Bum: Revenge
Call of Duty: Black Ops 7
Carpathian Survival
Chernobylite 2: Exclusion Zone
Chip ‘n Clawz vs. The Brainioids
Cursed Deal
DAVY x JONES
DEADCAM | ANALOG • SURVIVAL • HORROR
Deathground
DREADZONE
DUET NIGHT ABYSS
Echoes of the End: Enhanced Edition
Electronic Market Simulator
EMOTIONLESS: The Last Ticket
ENTITY: THE BLACK DAY
Europa Universalis V
FINAL FANTASY VII REBIRTH
Firefighting Simulator: Ignite
Goofy Gorillas
Greedland
Heroic Kingdom: Origins
Infinity Nikki
Jurassic World Evolution 3
Keeper
Legend of Ymir
Little Nightmares III
Mother Machine
Night of the Dead
Night Project
Ninja Gaiden 4
Noble Legacy
Nowhere Near
Otherplane
Outbreak: Shades of Horror
Palworld
Park Studio
PERISH
Pizza Bandit
Project Motor Racing
Prologue: Go Wayback!
Real Life
Renovation Simulator
Rocket Squad: Infinity
RV There Yet?
Seafarer: The Ship Sim
Small Spaces
Sophonce
SpongeBob SquarePants: Titans of the Tide
Storage Hunter Simulator
TEKKEN 8
The Black Pool: Arena Survivors
The Bus
The Last Caretaker
The Outer Worlds 2
Tower of Fantasy
Trench Tales
Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines 2
Violet
Wacky West
Where Winds Meet
Why don’t they laugh?
Winter Survival
Wreckreation
Yakuza Kiwami 2
Zombie City
Optimal Settings Support Added For 10 New Games:
Anno 117: Pax Romana
ARC Raiders
Call of Duty: Black Ops 7
Digimon Story: Time Stranger
Escape From Duckov
Europa Universalis V
Football Manager 26
RV There Yet?
The Outer Worlds 2
Vampire: The Masquerade – Bloodlines 2
Squashed Bugs!
Fixed an issue where NVIDIA app overlay would disappear after changing display resolution.
Fixed an issue where the recording bitrate would incorrectly set to 150 Mbps after a system restart.
Fixed an issue preventing users from changing the destination folder for saved recordings.
Fixed an issue where images captured using Photo Mode > Super Resolution appeared blank for 50 Series GPUs
Previous Release Notes:
New Updates
DLSS Override Support Added for 6 DLSS Games:
FBC: Firebreak
Monster Energy Supercross 25 – The Official Video Game
REMATCH
Strinova
The Alters
Warhammer 40,000: Speed Freeks
Optimal Settings Support Added For 5 New Games:
Dune: Awakening
EA SPORTS F1 25
FBC: Firebreak
REMATCH
Stellar Blade
Squashed Bugs!
Addressed a bug where DLSS Overrides did not appear for manually added games.
Corrected an issue where DLSS Overrides were unavailable for certain supported titles.
Various stability fixes.
Previous Release Notes:
Redeem the 1 or 2 months Adobe Creative Cloud offer now!
Nvidia is currently offering a free Adobe Creative Cloud subscription to users with eligible RTX GPUs via the Nvidia App Rewards system:
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Owners of GeForce RTX 30 or 40 series GPUs get 1 free month of Adobe Creative Cloud.
Owners of the newer RTX 50 series get 2 free months-plus access to Adobe Substance 3D apps like Sampler, Designer, and Painter, with a full asset library included
Adobe Creative Cloud offers a comprehensive suite of industry-standard creative tools, including Premiere Pro and After Effects, that provides seamless integration to empower anyone-from hobbyists to professionals–to bring their visions to life. You also get built-in templates to jump-start your designs and step-by-step tutorials to help you get up to speed quickly and sharpen your skills. It’s your entire creative world, all in one place.
With your GeForce RTX GPU, you’ll see performance boosts across select apps thanks to RTX-acceleration and Nvidia Studio features.
Previous Release Notes:
New Updates
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User Accessibility Features
Added support for Light and Dark theme modes, with the option to automatically adapt based on Windows settings. Choose your preferred theme in Settings > Features > Theme.
Added support for Windows Narrator, allowing on-screen content to be read aloud for improved accessibility.
Optimal Settings Support Added For 12 New Games:
Assassin’s Creed Shadows
Clair Obscur: Expedition 33
Deadlock
ELDEN RING NIGHTREIGN
Grand Theft Auto V Enhanced
Half-Life 2 with RTX
Indiana Jones And The Great Circle
inZOI
Monster Hunter Wilds
Split Fiction
The Last of Us Part II Remastered
The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion Remastered
Squashed Bugs!
Fixed an issue where DLSS-FG defaults to 2x irrespective of in-game setting when DLSS override model is set to “Latest” and Frame generation is set to “Use the 3D application setting”.
Fixed an issue where the driver download could not be completed.
Fixed an issue where the recording bitrate setting was not saved.
Fixed an issue where HDR video colors were not encoded properly for HEVC and AV1 playback.
Fixed a bug where the in-game overlay was not accessible on the GeForce RTX 5070.
Fixed an issue where a PC reboot would reset microphone boost to an incorrect value.
Fixed an issue where Highlights summary window could not be disabled.
Among the many joys of having a cat is the daily battle with the mess they leave behind. No matter what you try, finding litter and pet hair on furniture or in your bed is inevitable — either they track it in, or you do. If you’re a pet parent like me, this means searching for additional bits of litter and stray hairs that find their way into places you really don’t want them, including the bed. Short of pulling the sheets off entirely, few fixes exist.
I took a chance and tested the SandBar Roller, a $30 dual-roll lint roller, to see if it can make it easier to keep stray hair and litter at bay. I also put it through the paces for other lint-roller tasks like dusting and cleaning floors. Here’s how it fared.
How SandBar Roller differs from other lint rollers
The SandBar Roller Starter Kit I tested included the roller head, an extendable handle and two preinstalled lint rolls.John Carlsen/CNET
The SandBar Roller’s appeal lies in its two large lint rollers instead of one. While the idea doesn’t seem like much of a departure from a typical large lint roller, I couldn’t find any other dual-roller designs intended for use between bedsheets like SandBar. By arranging the rollers in this way, SandBar can clean the top and bottom sheets simultaneously without getting stuck.
The Best Handheld Vacuums, Tested by CNET
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While SandBar markets its proprietary lint rolls as stronger than normal rolls, they’re not much different from what you’ll find on the extra-large pet hair version of the Scotch-Brite lint roller. Both are 8 inches wide, with an inner diameter of 1.5 inches. Much to SandBar’s credit, its six-pack of refill rolls is just $20, which is very competitive with other lint roll refills I found on Amazon, with the optional subscription price dropping to just $16 for each one-, two- or three-month delivery.
Testing the SandBar Roller
The extendable handle is very practical.John Carlsen/CNET
Ostensibly, this design targets coastal homes, where sand gets everywhere — hence the SandBar name. While I don’t live on the coast, I’ve experienced sand in my bed while traveling, or after day trips to the desert, and cat litter is a near-daily occurrence. With that in mind, I conducted a series of informal tests to see how the SandBar Roller holds up.
Upon putting SandBar between the sheets, I noticed it moved fairly smoothly, at least until it snagged on some sheets that were too loose. It didn’t jam, but that means it works better for beds with the sheet firmly tucked at the foot — something I don’t do for various sleep-friendly reasons. Still, it worked well after tightening the sheets a bit, even snagging a few cat hairs and litter fragments. It’s a nice alternative to washing the sheets as frequently as I have to now.
I like the stickiness of the rolls, which is satisfyingly tacky without leaving residue or making it difficult to pull off used strips.John Carlsen/CNET
The SandBar removed cat fur from hard-to-reach places
Next, I wanted to see how it handled cleaning smart window shades and curtains, which often collect fur as my cat patrols windows a few times a day. It was a little more awkward, but taking the handle off proved effective, and the sticky roller collected a substantial amount of fur. I had to peel off multiple sheets because of the amount of fur, but it took only a few passes to clean the curtain. The SandBar Roller was very useful on furniture and pet beds, but I noticed that being too aggressive can occasionally dislodge a roll.
The SandBar Roller left a fairly clean surface when I dusted off a TV cabinet and soundbar. Still, I wouldn’t trade it out for the duster and handheld vacuum I usually use. Likewise, it did well on the linoleum floor and carpet near my cat’s litter box, but still I prefer the cleaner result I get from vacuuming.
Should you buy the SandBar Roller?
The specialized design does its job well, but is probably too niche for people who aren’t pet parents or near vast swathes of sand.John Carlsen/CNET
At $30, the SandBar Roller is unlikely to break anyone’s budget, especially when you can find similarly large bed lint rollers for the same price. In that context alone, including the cost of refill rolls, it’s probably as good as any other option. Still, the dual-roll design’s ability to get between sheets is a compelling reason to consider the SandBar Roller over the competition. The design suits households that typically deal with a lot of sand and litter in the beds. I could even see myself taking it camping for quick dirt cleanup in a sleeping bag.
However, I wouldn’t recommend it for short-term beach house rentals because it cuts corners — new guests expect clean sheets when they arrive. That said, making a SandBar Roller available during a guest’s visit could be worthwhile to improve their experience, as long as you leave instructions explaining what it’s for and how it works.
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If you don’t need the second roll — and mainly deal with pet hair on furniture — the ChomChom Roller doesn’t need refill rolls, making it a much better option for $25. Likewise, a handheld vacuum can do the same job with a bit more flexibility around the house — though it’s not quiet enough to use when others are sleeping. While it’s nice to have so many options, it’s always worth going with what works best for your needs and situation.
John Carlsen has more than a decade of experience testing and reviewing home tech products, with a major focus on smart home security. He earned his BS in journalism from Utah Valley University. In addition to his CNET contributions, John has written for Android Police, TWICE, Home Theater Review, SafeWise, ASecureLife and Top Ten Reviews.
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If you haven’t heard of Metal Gear, you probably haven’t played video games these last few decades. The original Metal Gear dates back to 1987 and launched on the MSX, but the real rise to fame probably started with Metal Gear Solid on the original PlayStation in 1998. What needed a hefty console in 1998 can comfortably fit on a microcontroller in 2026, though, as [David Montero Crespo] demonstrates with his port of MGS to the ESP32-S3.
[David] is — as we always are — standing on the shoulders of giants with this hack. Most specifically, the project relies entirely on the [FoxdieTeam] MGS Reversing decompliation project. Of course what one team decompiles, another can recompile, and in this case [David] chose to recompile the game for Expressif’s exceptional ESP32. It wasn’t quite as easy as just forking the repo and compiling with the ESP32 as a target though, as the blog post explains.
We won’t spoil it, but [David] did have to make some changes to account for the different quirks the MIPS processor in the PlayStation has compared to the Xtensa cores on the microcontroller. Then to make it playable, he put the ESP32-S3 module onto some perfboard with an analog stick from a drone controller, an ILI9341 LCD panel, and a resistor ladder to run the buttons for a barebones handheld.
OpenAI was gearing up to release GPT-6.1 Astra, its next AI model, with an October launch in its sights. That’s no longer happening. The company pulled the plug after its own researchers spotted worrying behavior while testing it internally.
What went wrong with GPT-6.1 Astra?
On paper, Astra-6.1 was an upgrade over the current GPT-6 Astra. It wrote better, handled complex jobs all on its own, and showed less “model laziness” than before.
OpenAI
However, in an interview with The Wall Street Journal, Saachi Jain, OpenAI’s head of safety systems, said the model slipped in two important areas. First, it sometimes misled users about what it had actually done. Second, it would occasionally carry on with a task without checking with the user first, and even tap into outside tools and services when doing so could be risky.
“For anything regarding safety and alignment, there’s a trade-off,” Jain said. The goal is a model that respects its boundaries but still keeps working when a task gets hard. Astra fell short of OpenAI’s bar, so the public launch was called off.
Why is OpenAI hitting the brakes now?
AI agents have had a messy few months. Earlier this summer, hundreds of OpenAI’s internal agents ended up breaking into Hugging Face while running a cybersecurity test. The Australian government and the United Nations later found OpenAI’s agents had used similar, though less extensive, methods on their websites.
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Andrew Neel / Unsplash
Last week, OpenAI also halted training on its most powerful models after one agent found a loophole in its internet restrictions and queried a public chatbot. OpenAI says Astra is a separate case. Lawmakers are watching, too. According to WSJ, a Senate subcommittee is holding a hearing on rogue AI agents this week, and Florida’s Attorney General has been suing OpenAI since June.
What does this mean for you?
You won’t be getting GPT-6.1 Astra anytime soon. OpenAI hopes to reuse its base model to build future GPT-6 models and is digging into what caused the problems. Personally, I’d rather wait for an AI that’s honest about its work than use one that goes off and does its own thing.
New research suggests Enceladus may be an especially promising place to search for extraterrestrial life: microbes similar to those found near Earth’s hydrothermal vents survived in lab conditions designed to mimic the Saturnian moon’s subsurface ocean. A separate study also found that material blasted from Enceladus’ plumes may naturally separate and concentrate salts, organics and potential biosignatures into individual ice grains, potentially making them easier for future spacecraft to detect.
“That is great news in the search for life,” Frank Postberg, lead author of one and co-author of the other of these new studies and professor at Freie Universitat Berlin, said in a statement. “Future spacecraft will have to analyze many individual ice particles in the plume. But if they come across one with microbial material in it, they could identify biosignatures in the particle relatively easy with already available technology.” Space.com reports: Enceladus isn’t the only place in our solar system with water — so, why is it so exciting in the search for life? Well, it has to do with the seafloor of its extensive, liquid ocean. Down deep at the bottom of this body of water, scientists think hydrothermal processes, or movement or reactions with hot water under the surface, are taking place. The plumes shooting upward from the ocean also contain trace amounts of salts and organic compounds. NASA’s Cassini spacecraft found these traces when it flew through the plumes over a decade ago. Between the hydrothermal activity and the organics and minerals in the water, this moon’s ocean has a number of aspects that could be involved in supporting life.
What’s more, using a combination of Cassini data, theoretical models and laboratory experimentation, in Postberg’s new study the team found that the plume’s water droplets blasting out into space at up to 621 miles per hour (1,000 kilometers per hour) don’t freeze as quickly as expected. Before, scientists thought the freeze would happen instantaneously once the droplets reached space, but Postberg and fellow researchers say they found the freezing would actually happen much slower.
They also found that during this freezing process, the salt, organic compounds (and maybe possible signs of life) in the water droplets separate from one another. Not only that, but the team says that as the particles are blasted out into space, they should often collide with the icy cracks of the planet’s surface. This ultimately would leave behind tiny shards of frozen droplets with individually separated out components. Essentially, it’s like the planet has organized its oceanic ingredients into tiny, frozen particle fragments. This work is described in two new studies published in the journal Science Advances here and here.
In context: Android smartphone maker Nothing has launched the Headphone (1) Pro, its new flagship audio product, which it claims combines an elevated listening experience for consumers with studio-grade production and mixing features for professionals. It succeeds last year’s Nothing Headphone (1), which TIME named one of its Best Inventions of 2025.
The biggest change in the new model is a three-driver audio system. It includes a bass dynamic driver designed to add more punch and sensitivity to low frequencies, a precision dynamic driver that adds more texture to vocals and instruments, and a new treble xMEMS driver that Nothing says delivers crisper highs.
Nothing also worked with London’s Metropolis Studios to tune the Headphone (1) Pro, with the collaboration focused on professional audio tools and soundstage characteristics.
The company also highlights an improved adaptive active noise cancellation system that uses a 10-microphone array to more accurately filter ambient noise than the first-gen model. With claimed noise reduction of up to 46 dB, Nothing is positioning the Headphone (1) Pro against premium rivals from Bose and Sony.
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Nothing says the improvement in noise reduction should be particularly noticeable in strong winds or noisy traffic. The headphones also feature redesigned ear cushions with an 8mm silicone baffle wall inside, creating a stronger sound barrier and improving the seal around the ears.
The Headphone (1) Pro supports Hi-Res wireless audio and wired playback over USB-C at up to 24-bit/192 kHz. It also offers five modes of Dynamic Spatial Audio with head tracking, along with five new custom EQ profiles. A separate Flat EQ switch is designed to give producers and creators a more neutral sound profile.
The Headphones 1 Pro is built out of aluminum and titanium to provide a durable shell while creating a premium look and feel. It also retains Nothing’s transparent design language, using shatter- and scratch-resistant 9H Panda Glass on both ear cups to reveal parts of the triple-driver architecture.
Despite the increased use of metal, Nothing has reduced the headphones’ weight to 327 grams through a redesigned internal architecture, including replacing steel arms with titanium. Other changes intended to improve comfort over longer listening sessions include a wider headband with thicker padding and softer ear cushions.
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The Headphone (1) Pro is positioned to compete with premium models such as the Sony WH-1000XM6, Bose QuietComfort Ultra, and Apple AirPods Max. It is priced at $399 and will be available beginning September 29 through Nothing’s official store at nothing.tech, Amazon, and Best Buy stores across across the US and Canada.
Ned Jenkinson of the University of Birmingham and Matthew Weightman of the University of Oxford discuss how advancements in brain research might affect how we learn and grow our skillsets.
Whether learning a new piano piece or adapting your tennis serve, acquiring physical skills depends on your brain’s ability tostrengthen and refine neural connections. Researchers are exploring whether this process can be accelerated with technology.
Scientists are particularly interested in the potential of non-invasivebrain stimulation, a group of techniques that can alter brain activity without surgery.
If these techniques can successfully enhanceneuroplasticity, the brain’s ability to reorganise and form new connections during learning, then they could be of use anywhere where performance depends on learning complex movements, from sport and music to surgery and beyond. Researchers are also seeing if these technologies could help with learning non-physical skills, such aspicking up a foreign language.
Elite sport, professional gaming and high-performance workplaces could all become targets for these enhancements if they prove effective. Brain stimulation could also have a big role to play in medicine, helping patients recover physical skills lost through injury or disease, such asstroke.
Studies suggest there’s a lot of potential here. But translating this potential into useful tech that reliably boosts learning physical skills remains a big challenge.
Stimulating findings
Research into enhancing motor learning with electric or magnetic stimulation has been gaining momentum since the turn of the millennium, with early studies garnering considerable excitement.
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In atypical experiment, participants might learn a sequence of finger movements similar to practising scales on a piano while receiving stimulation over brain regions involved in movement. Other studies have examined how stimulation could be used forbalance training or teachingsports-relatedskills orsurgical techniques.
Some of these experiments produced eye-catching results, finding that participantslearned certain movement tasks faster orretained skills for longer if they underwent brain stimulation. But other studies failed to find benefits. And in some cases, researchers struggled to replicate the success of earlier promising experiments when repeating them.
One reason for these mixed findings is that there’s no such thing as a universal ‘learning network’ in our brains. Different skills rely ondifferent combinations of areas near the surface of the brain as well as those deep within it.
Additionally, people can respond very differently to the same stimulation. Factors such as age, anatomy, genetics and even baseline skill level may influence whether stimulation is beneficial. Add to that the infinite number of ways to apply stimulation, the picture becomes murkier.
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Despite these challenges, the field continues to evolve in its quest to enhance motor learning. For instance, rather than broadly stimulating the brain, researchers are increasingly targeting specific neural circuits involved in learning.
This is partly thanks to advances inneuroimaging andcomputational modelling, which has allowed scientists to predict how electrical currents travel through a person’s brain. Newer brain stimulation technologies, such as focused ultrasound, can also now reach deep structures involved in skill acquisition.
The goal is to use these technologies not simply to increase brain activity, but to influence the right neural circuit at the right time during learning. This idea builds on a fundamental principle of neuroscience, often summarised as“neurons that fire together, wire together”. When brain cells are repeatedly activated at the same time, the connections between them become stronger.
By carefully timing stimulation tocoincide with the movements made during practice, researchers hope to reinforce the neural pathways involved in learning a new skill. In principle, this could make stimulation more reliable and more effective than current approaches, but researchers are stillfine tuning exactly how this would work.
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Motoring ahead
Important questions remain. Who would have access? Should stimulation be regulated in competitive environments such as sport? And how much evidence should be required before consumer devices are marketed to healthy users?
These questions are becoming increasingly relevant as brain stimulation moves beyond the laboratory and clinic. A number of at-home devices are now available for people to buy.Some have receivedregulatory approval, as they’re indicated for treating medical conditions such as depression. But there’s also a growing market for devices forcognitive and performance enhancement. For these uses, no regulatory approval is needed.
The technology is advancing rapidly, but evidence to support it and regulations governing it are still trying to catch up. Proper frameworks for its adoption may simply be bypassed by the ready possibility of ‘DIY’ brain stimulation.
For now, brain stimulation is unlikely to transform anyone into an overnight virtuoso or elite athlete. But as researchers develop increasingly precise ways of targeting the neural circuits that underpin learning, the prospect of enhancing human performance is shifting from science fiction towards scientific possibility.
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The challenge today is not simply learning how to influence the brain, but deciding where, when and why we should.
Ned Jenkinson is a senior lecturer in human movement sciences at the School of Sport and Exercise Sciences at the University of Birmingham. His research incorporates a range of techniques including non-invasive brain stimulation, electrophysiological recording, eye-tracking, neuroimaging and behavioural techniques. He uses these techniques to investigate how the brain controls movement and how it allows us to learn new motor skills.
Matthew Weightman is a postdoctoral researcher at the Oxford Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging in the Plasticity Group at the University of Oxford, led by Prof Heidi Johansen-Berg. He is broadly interested in the field of sensorimotor neuroscience. His current work focuses on the role of sleep to recovery after stroke. More specifically, he is interested in how we can improve sleep after a stroke, whether improved sleep in stroke patients relates to better functional recovery, and if physiological processes that occur during sleep can be enhanced post-stroke to boost consolidation.
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Keio Corporation (Keio), a major private railway operator in Japan, said its network was hit by a ransomware attack over the weekend, disrupting some of its business systems.
Following a system failure in the early hours of Saturday, the company confirmed the attack and shut down its network to prevent additional damage.
The company said it is investigating the extent of the impact and whether the attackers accessed any customer or business partner information.
Keio is a large Japanese railway operator with 85 km of track and 69 stations, as well as a separate hospitality business of 25 hotels. The company has over 2,200 employees and a reported annual revenue of about $2.6 billion.
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“In the early hours of September 26, 2026, we confirmed a ransomware attack on our group’s servers. We have reported the incident to the police and are conducting an investigation into the attack’s route and damage with the cooperation of external experts,” Keio says.
The incident appears to have affected only the hospitality side of Keio’s business, not train operations.
A separate announcement published on the company’s Keio Plaza Hotel Tokyo website is warning of possible delays on some customer-facing services.
At the time of writing, BleepingComputer could not find a ransomware group claiming the attack on Keio.
BleepingComputer has contacted the company to request more information about the incident, and we will update this post with their response once it reaches us.
Tokyo Metro has also disclosed a cyber incident over the weekend in which attackers gained unauthorized access to its systems and accessed 59,000 member email addresses.
Although both Keio and Tokyo Metro are Japanese railway operators, it is unclear if the organizations were targeted in a coordinated campaign by the same threat actor.
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Tokyo Metro is a major transit operator that runs nine subway lines covering 195 km and 180 stations, carrying an average of 7 million passengers daily.
The company said the breached systems contained only email addresses and that it has already identified and closed the security weakness the attackers used in this case.
Join Mikko Hyppönen and security leaders from the NFL, CHANEL, and Atlassian for a two-hour digital summit on what AI-speed attacks change, what defenders should stop doing, and how to validate, decide, fix, and re-validate at machine speed.
Home puts chats, delegated work, and Office documents inside one interface
Code lets non-programmers describe software and have Copilot build it
Autopilot can continue recurring work without waiting for another instruction
Microsoft has introduced a redesigned version of its Copilot AI platform which claims to combine chat, delegated work, and coding tools into a unified application experience for users.
The company says the update is meant to let individuals and organizations scale artificial intelligence across everyday tasks and long-term projects.
Three new capabilities anchor this release, including Home, Code and Autopilot, each aimed at a different kind of work.
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Home brings Chat and Cowork together
The Home tool brings together two existing modes, Chat for quick questions and Cowork for tasks users delegate entirely, under one shared starting point.
Word, Excel, and PowerPoint now operate inside this same interface, letting users draft documents, budgets, and presentations without switching applications.
In these documents, Copilot is now grounded in Fabric IQ, pulling context from more than 20 million semantic models built in Power BI.
Edits made by colleagues or by the assistant itself appear in real time, so progress stays synchronized across a shared file.
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A new plugin registry will let organizations manage Microsoft, partner and custom-built plugins from one central catalog starting this month.
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Independent developers and partners can also publish plugins once for use across multiple Copilot surfaces under the new registry arrangement.
The Code tool allows non-programmers to describe an app, tracker or dashboard in plain language and have it built automatically.
This feature runs on the same underlying technology used in GitHub Copilot and can be hosted within a company’s own systems.
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Autopilot operates without constant prompting
Autopilot, the third addition, is a persistent agent capable of completing recurring work without needing a new instruction each time.
It can run supplier reviews or similar multi-step processes, build schedules, contact stakeholders, and follow up on outstanding items independently.
Because it operates continuously in the cloud, work can continue late at night or whenever a person’s attention shifts elsewhere.
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A related feature called Today, entering private preview in October, will summarize missed messages and pending tasks across mail and chat.
Microsoft is also tying spending controls to these tools through a system it calls FinOps for AI, letting administrators track usage.
Administrators can set spending limits, approve credit requests and restrict which AI models different teams are permitted to use each month.
Everyday tasks like quick answers or first drafts run on a fixed-price subscription, while agentic features use usage-based billing.
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Code, Cowork and Autopilot all fall under this usage-based pricing model, alongside frontier models Microsoft refers to as Astra and Fable.
Home and Code are set to roll out through Microsoft’s Frontier program within weeks, and Autopilot enters private preview by month’s end.
Microsoft has not released independent data showing how widely the three features are being adopted, how accurate they are, or how much time they actually save.
Automate your Mac with ease using Shortcuts and Apple Intelligence.
Filipe Espósito for Engadget
Shortcuts has been available on Mac since macOS Monterey, but it’s one of those utilities many Mac users have never explored. At first, it can seem too complicated. You have to know which actions to choose and how to connect them, then hope it all works.
But macOS 27 Golden Gate changes that with Describe a Shortcut, which lets you type exactly what you need and have Shortcuts do the heavy work for you with AI. It doesn’t always work, but it makes the app much easier to use — especially if you’re not an expert.
If you’re not familiar with Shortcuts, it’s an automation tool where you create scripts to handle tasks on your devices. Apple’s own example is a shortcut that texts your spouse with an estimated arrival time based on traffic when you’re leaving work. But you can get much more complex, like a shortcut that checks your calendar and the weather to give you a summary of what to expect today.
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There are many possibilities, and now with macOS 27, it’s much easier to master the app.
Creating shortcuts on your Mac is easy
Filipe Espósito for Engadget
Creating a new shortcut takes a few seconds. Open the Shortcuts app on your Mac and click the Plus button to enter a prompt. The more details you provide, the more likely the app is to get your shortcut right. A command like “Clean up my Downloads” might be too vague for the app to understand what you really want. Instead, try something like “Every Friday, move anything in my Downloads folder older than 30 days into a folder called Archive.” You’re more likely to end up with a working shortcut when you provide clear details.
This is a good example of how Shortcuts are helpful for tasks you often forget to do; no one really cleans out their Downloads folder unless they’re trying to free up space. Plus, you can check the result right away by opening the folder and looking at what moved. If the shortcut moved too much, re-enter the prompt with even more specific details.
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A shortcut can also be great for summarizing long text with Apple Intelligence. Try something like “Take the text on my clipboard, summarize it in three sentences and save it to a new note.” Then copy a long article or an email, run the shortcut and you’ll have the short version in Notes.
Make your shortcuts easier to reach
Filipe Espósito for Engadget
If a shortcut isn’t part of your normal routine, chances are you’ll forget about it after a while. Thankfully, you can assign a keyboard combo to a shortcut, or pin it to the menu bar, so you’ll never forget it.
Choose the shortcut you want to adjust and click Edit. Go to the Shortcut Details menu (the one with the information icon) and select Add Keyboard Shortcut. To add it to the Control Center or menu bar, open Control Center on your Mac (at the top-right) and select Edit Controls. There, all you have to do is add the action from the Shortcuts app, and you’re all set. Exploring the Automation tab is also a good idea for creating a seamless workflow of shortcuts that run on their own when you need them.
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Shortcuts isn’t the only element in macOS 27 that acts on your behalf. Visual Intelligence has its own key combo: Shift + Command + Space. After pressing this, select a window on-screen and have Siri answer questions about it or take action, like adding an event to your calendar. Try it on an email with a date buried in it, for example. Siri can also run your shortcuts via voice, speaking of which.
Shortcuts and Siri AI require Apple Intelligence, which means you need a Mac with an M1 chip or later — Intel Mac users are out of luck. Also, some limits may apply when using Apple’s AI models in Shortcuts. More complex prompts could reach a limit faster.
Peak XV Partners, one of the largest venture capital firms investing in markets including India and Southeast Asia with more than $10 billion in assets under management, has increased how much it invests per startup through Surge, its seed-stage investing platform, as it unveils a new cohort of 18 companies.
At least three of the companies in this cohort had already raised outside funding, in some cases from Peak XV itself, before joining Surge.
The new batch, called Surge 12, is the first to operate under Peak XV’s higher investment ceiling of up to $5 million per company, up from $3 million previously. The venture firm invested more than $50 million across the cohort, which has collectively raised over $90 million in seed funding, according to Peak XV. Its median investment per company has also increased, though the firm declined to disclose the figure.
“The bar to raise a Series A has gone up pretty significantly,” Rajan Anandan (pictured above), managing director at Peak XV, said in an interview. He added that the firm is also seeing more capital-intensive companies, particularly in deeptech, that are raising larger rounds at the seed stage.
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Surge has become more global with each cohort, Anandan told TechCrunch, with its latest group spanning founders and companies from San Francisco to Sydney. Just five of the 18 startups in Surge 12 are focused on the Indian market, while more than half of the companies are based in India. The remaining 13 target global markets, highlighting the difference between where the companies are built and where they expect to find customers.
Since its launch in 2019, when Peak XV operated as Sequoia Capital India and Southeast Asia, Surge has backed more than 180 startups founded by entrepreneurs representing more than 18 nationalities. Peak XV says the 10 largest companies to emerge from those cohorts now generate more than $1 billion in combined annual revenue.
Surge founders at the Peak XV U.S. Immersion 2026Image Credits:Peak XV Partners
Anandan described Surge as one way Peak XV invests at the seed stage, alongside its standard seed investing, while the firm still remains an investor as companies progress through later funding rounds. The founders it backs typically include repeat entrepreneurs, experienced operators, and highly specialized technical founders, he said, with about 50% to 60% of a typical cohort made up of people coming from operating roles at established technology companies.
This cohort’s startups span AI, robotics, space, consumer products, healthcare, music, and fintech, ranging from AI safety and personal computing to autonomous robots built for underground pipes and satellites designed to detect radio-frequency signals from orbit.
The Surge 12 cohort
Alma — founded by Nischith Shadagopan M N and Vinod Ganesan — is building a personal computing platform focused on making computer use faster and more affordable. Its founders previously worked at Microsoft Research and were founding engineers at Sarvam AI, a Bengaluru-based startup building AI models for Indian languages.
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August AI — founded by Anuruddh Mishra, an IIT-BHU alumnus who started the company in 2022 after a personal medical misdiagnosis — provides a healthcare platform that combines AI with physician-led care, reaching over 9 million users across 160 countries.
Ditto — founded by UC Berkeley dropouts Allen Wang and Eric Liu — works as an AI dating matchmaker inside iMessage, aimed at helping college students turn digital introductions into in-person connections. (TechCrunch wrote more about this one last month.) The company had already raised $9.2 million in a Peak XV-led seed round announced earlier this year.
GameStock — founded by Antoine Mistico, Easton Dana, and Vivek Indlebele Narasimha Prasad — brings competition mechanics to financial markets, turning investing and trading into a more competitive experience. Mistico is a two-time founder and former professional baseball player.
HiLoop — founded by Jad Ghalayini, Karan Brar, and Thomas Boser — helps AI companies adapt general-purpose open-weight models for specific applications using its post-training platform. Its founding team includes former Reducto engineers and a Cambridge computer science PhD who completed his doctorate at 24.
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Hoola Health — founded by Deeksha Senguttuva — focuses on care for children and their families, providing consultations, vaccinations, medicines, diagnostics, developmental therapy, and dental services on a single platform. Senguttuvan grew up around healthcare, as her family built and operated a hospital group.
Kello — founded by Mona Gandhi and Subramanya Jingade — is building an AI-powered talent-discovery platform focused on identifying a candidate’s potential and trajectory rather than relying primarily on conventional credentials. Gandhi says she was Airbnb’s first female engineer and she previously founded Upraised, while Jingade previously co-founded AmbitionBox.
Kindling — founded by Adam Miller and Sachin Shah — is building what it calls a “storytelling operating system” for technology startups, using AI to help companies develop and produce their communications and content.
Puralink — founded by Harrison Crowe-Maxwell, Shyeon Delnawaz, and Thien “Long” Tran — is developing autonomous robots that can navigate underground pipe networks. Crowe-Maxwell has been building robots since childhood and turned university research into the patented drive technology behind the startup.
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Reinforce Labs — founded by Anish Das Sarma — is developing tools to evaluate, red-team, and remediate enterprise AI systems. Sarma previously founded a company acquired by Airbnb and later served as a director at Google, where he led AI and machine-learning teams.
Riffle — founded by Anurag Choudhary and deo — is building a browser-based platform where musicians can create, collaborate on, and share music, reducing the need to move between separate tools during the creative process.
Rosella — founded by Chris Dwyer and Sean Stuart — is building an AI-native commercial insurance brokerage for U.S. businesses, using AI to automate parts of the traditionally manual process of finding and placing business insurance. Rosella raised a roughly $2.5 million pre-seed round led by Peak XV and Intact Private Capital earlier this year.
Tribe Money — founded by Himanshu Arora and Nikhil Shanker — gives an AI-powered personal finance platform that helps users track their money, research investments and make investing decisions.
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ULOOK — founded by Adheesh Boratkar and Siddhesh Ravindra Naik — is building autonomous satellite systems for radio-frequency sensing and spectrum intelligence, targeting customers globally. Its founders have worked on more than 12 satellite missions. The company had already raised roughly $2.3 million in seed funding from growX Ventures and InfoEdge Ventures before joining Surge.
Wingit — founded by Nikunj Kothari and Saksham Khandelwal — is building a beauty platform aimed at India’s growing premium-consumer market. It is focused on how consumers discover and shop for higher-end beauty products.
Three other startups in the cohort have yet to publicly reveal their names or products. Peak XV said they are working in education, applied AI, and medical products.
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