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What are Copilot+ PCs? Everything you need to know

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Walk through a laptop aisle in 2026 and the Copilot+ PC branding is highlight for most Windows laptops. From Microsoft’s own surface to other PC makers like Samsung, HP, and Dell, you can find notebooks that carry this badge to convey that they are AI-ready. At a glance, the name sounds like it refers to a computer with a better version of the Copilot chatbot, which only explains a small part of it.

A Copilot+ PC is a Windows 11 computer that meets Microsoft’s hardware standard for advanced on-device AI features like a compatible processor with a dedicated NPU. You also need a certain amount of RAM and storage, all of which brings access to Windows features such as Recall, Click to Do, and much more. Many of these experiences use the NPU to process information locally, reducing their reliance on cloud servers and helping them run more efficiently in the background.

The badge has expanded considerably since the first Copilot+ laptops arrived in June 2024. Snapdragon X processors were initially the only option. Current models can also use qualifying AMD Ryzen AI and Intel Core Ultra chips, giving buyers a choice between Arm and conventional x86 Windows systems. So here’s everything you need to know.

What is a Copilot+ PC?

Copilot+ is Microsoft’s certification for a class of Windows 11 AI PCs. A qualifying computer combines a sufficiently powerful NPU with Microsoft’s minimum memory and storage requirements. The Copilot app itself does not require this hardware. A regular Windows 11 PC can still access Microsoft Copilot since it relies on an internet connection. On the other hand, Copilot+ systems gain a separate set of Windows features designed around local AI processing.

It is also worth noting that buying a Copilot+ PC also does not automatically include a premium Copilot or Microsoft 365 subscription. Most built-in Windows experiences are part of the operating system, however, certain actions and connected services may require an account, internet access, or an additional subscription.

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Copilot+ PC hardware requirements

Component Minimum requirement
Processor Compatible chip or system-on-chip with a 40+TOPS NPU
Memory 16GB DDR5 or LPDDR5
Storage 256GB SSD or UFS
Operating system Windows 11, with current Copilot+ experiences requiring supported updates

As of right now, Microsoft has currently named these processor familiar as compatible:

  • AMD Ryzen AI 300 and 400 series
  • Intel Core Ultra 200 and 300 series
  • Qualcomm Snapdragon X series

A processor carrying one of those broader family names does not guarantee that every configuration supports every feature. Buyers should still look for the actual Copilot+ PC badge and check the manufacturer’s specifications.

What are TOPS, and why do you need an NPU?

Copilot+ PCs are all about AI. However, this was one of the biggest problems with previous-gen AI PCs. They had NPUs, yes, but little to do with them.The NPU is a dedicated part of the processor built to handle AI workloads efficiently. CPUs and GPUs can also run AI models, but the NPU is designed for sustained jobs such as background effects, image analysis, speech processing, and semantic search without placing the same load on the main processor or graphics hardware.

Microsoft measures the minimum NPU requirement in TOPS, short for trillion operations per second. A Copilot+ system needs at least 40 TOPS of NPU performance. This number only describes one part of the computer. It does not tell you how fast the CPU is, or how well it can run games. So two systems carrying the same Copilot+ badge can deliver very different everyday performance.

AI PC versus Copilot+ PC

“AI PC” is a flexible industry term. Manufacturers commonly use it for computers with an NPU or other hardware intended to accelerate AI tasks. Copilot+ PC is Microsoft’s more tightly defined category. Every Copilot+ computer is an AI PC, while many systems marketed as AI PCs fall below Microsoft’s 40TOPS requirement or lack access to the complete Copilot+ feature set. A great example of this is an older Intel Core Ultra laptop, which may advertise an NPU and AI features, while missing the Copilot+ badge because its NPU does not meet Microsoft’s threshold.

Are all Copilot+ PCs Arm computers?

No. The first Copilot+ systems used Qualcomm’s Arm-based Snapdragon X processors, which made the category look closely tied to Windows on Arm. Intel and AMD have since added qualifying x86 chips. But compatibility isn’t consistent. While Snapdragon models can offer strong responsiveness and battery efficiency, Windows 11 uses Microsoft’s Prism emulator to run many x86 and x64 applications that do not have native Arm versions.

What AI features do Copilot+ PCs include?

Microsoft’s Copilot+ feature list has grown considerably since launch. Availability can vary by processor, region, language, account type, and Windows update. So here are the highlights:

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Recall

Recall creates an optional, searchable timeline using snapshots of activity on your screen. You can describe a document, webpage, image, or app you remember seeing and search through the saved timeline to locate it. Microsoft continues to label Recall as a preview.

Click to Do

Click to Do analyzes selected text and images on the screen, then offers relevant actions. Depending on the content, it may let you copy text, summarize or rewrite it, search the web, remove an image background, blur a background, or open the selection in another app. Some actions require a subscription.

Improved Windows Search

Improved Windows Search uses semantic indexing so you can find supported files and images through natural descriptions. Searching for “team at the conference” can work without knowing the exact filename. It appears in File Explorer, the Windows search box, and supported Settings searches.

Agent in Settings

Agent in Settings lets you describe a Windows problem or setting in ordinary language. It can surface the relevant option and, for supported changes, help apply it. Microsoft expanded the feature’s language support in 2026.

Live Captions with translation

Windows 11 already supports Live Captions. Copilot+ systems add local translation from more than 40 languages into English and from supported languages into Simplified Chinese.

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Creative and accessibility tools

Copilot+ PCs also support AI tools across Paint, Photos, Snipping Tool, Voice Access, Narrator, and Windows Studio Effects. These include Cocreator, Restyle Image, Image Creator, Super Resolution, Perfect Screenshot, flexible voice commands, richer image descriptions, background blur, eye contact, automatic framing, and voice focus.

Some tools still have processor restrictions. Automatic Super Resolution, Paint Generative Fill, and Photos Relight currently list Snapdragon X requirements on Microsoft’s feature page.

Is Recall private?

Recall attracted heavy criticism when Microsoft first announced it, which led the company to delay its broad release and redesign the security model. This concern was also reflected in our own experience with the feature. The current version is opt-in and requires Windows Hello Enhanced Sign-in Security with biometric authentication. Snapshots are encrypted, stored locally, and tied to the individual Windows profile. Microsoft says it cannot access them, and other apps cannot retrieve the Recall database.

Sensitive-information filtering is enabled by default to help avoid saving passwords, payment details, and identification numbers. Users can pause snapshots, delete them, limit storage, and exclude specific apps or websites. Recall can also be removed as an optional Windows component.

Storage is another consideration. Microsoft says Recall needs at least 50GB of free space to operate. A 256GB system allocates 25GB to snapshots by default, which Microsoft estimates can retain about three months of activity. Older snapshots are deleted once the allocation fills.

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Are Copilot+ PCs faster and more efficient?

Microsoft markets Copilot+ systems as its fastest and longest-lasting Windows PCs. Its commissioned testing has claimed up to 22 hours of local video playback and 15 hours of web browsing on selected devices. Those figures vary with the processor, display, battery size, workload, settings, and manufacturer. But these figures are often seen in marketing material for recent high-end laptops.

The Copilot+ badge itself is not a performance ranking. Qualcomm systems often prioritize efficiency, AMD offers great integrated graphics and strong multi-core performance, while new Intel Core Ultra processors can either focus on battery life or strong raw horsepower. So traditional specifications are still important.

Should you buy a Copilot+ PC?

A Copilot+ PC branding alone isn’t enough to justify a purchase, but if you’re looking for a high-end or upper mid-range model, chances are you’re going to get one anyway. Only the entry level models rely on processors based on older architecture that don’t get the shiny new NPUs. Another limitation currently is with RAM capacities. Owing to the RAMmageddon, 8GB machines are returning, so if you’re on a tight budget, Copilot+ PCs might be a little too expensive.

Regardless, you’re not missing out on much–at least for now that is. AI tools like Recall or Click to Do can be handy, but they won’t radically change the way you use or experience your Windows PC. I have a Copilot+ PC of my own, but I hardly ever found myself using these features.

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New York State halts construction of all new data centers

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New York became the first state to halt data center construction after Gov. Kathy Hochul signed an executive order today that temporarily bars the state from approving new permits for large projects.

Hochul’s order applies to data centers 50 megawatts or larger, potentially affecting more than a dozen projects. The state’s Department of Environmental Conservation will not issue any permits that haven’t already been completed.

While resource concerns have fueled some of the backlash, broader concern about AI has been behind much of it as well. A recent Pew Research report found that only 10% of Americans were more excited than concerned about AI use in daily life, and just 23% felt that the technology would have a positive impact on how people do their jobs. Less than a quarter of the general public feels that AI will give the economy a boost, and less than a third were confident that the government would regulate the technology responsibly.

“Progress shouldn’t arrive with a higher utility bill, deleted water supply, or noise pollution,” Hochul said at a press conference in Brooklyn. “These data centers can only be built, should only be built in places that want them. So they will never be exempt from local zoning, local approvals.”

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The moratorium will be lifted once the state finalizes an environmental review process for data centers, which Hochul expects will take about a year. Hochul’s office is also considering requiring data centers to pay into a fund that would support the state’s electrical grid, and she would like to prevent hyperscale data centers from receiving tax benefits. 

Hochul’s executive order arrives as more stringent measures are moving through New York’s legislature. Last month, the legislature advanced a bill that would pause construction of data centers larger than 20 megawatts for one year, while another still in committee would institute a three-year moratorium.

The average data center built in the last few years has been smaller than 100 megawatts, but those in development are expected to be much larger as AI drives computing demands higher. Through 2030, nearly a quarter of new data centers will exceed 500 megawatts, according to BloombergNEF, driven by increasing AI investment.

The idea of a data center moratorium has been debated at the state and federal levels, but New York is the first to put one into practice. In December, more than 230 organizations called for a nationwide pause on new data centers. Vermont Sen. Bernie Sanders has also proposed a nationwide moratorium, though it hasn’t received much traction. More recently, Maine’s legislature passed a bill that would have paused construction on new data centers until November 1, 2027, but Gov. Janet Mills vetoed it.

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Just years ago, data centers were sought after by states eager to secure new development projects, but recently, public sentiment on data centers has soured as new projects have grown in size. The scale and pace at which they’re being constructed has started to strain the electrical grid in addition to regional resources like water and farmland. Two-thirds of respondents to a recent poll said they were concerned about data centers driving up electricity prices. Another survey found that people would rather have an Amazon warehouse in their backyard than a data center.

Hochul’s order could be setting up for a clash with the Trump administration, which thus far has supported data center development. Last month, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, which is led by a Trump appointee, told grid operators to develop special fast lanes to speed data centers’ interconnections. 

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The OLED iPad mini might miss the one upgrade fans wanted most

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If you’ve been holding off on buying an iPad mini because you were hoping Apple’s first OLED model would finally get a smoother display, you may want to temper your expectations.

A prettier screen, but not necessarily a faster one

A new rumor from Korean leaker yeux1122 claims the upcoming OLED iPad mini will still use a 60Hz display, despite making the jump from LCD to OLED. That’s a bit surprising, especially since many fans expected Apple to pair the long-awaited OLED upgrade with a higher refresh rate. For everyday tasks like reading, streaming Netflix, or browsing the web, 60Hz is perfectly usable. But once you’ve spent time with a 120Hz display, whether it’s on a flagship Android phone or an iPad Pro, it’s hard to ignore the difference. Scrolling feels noticeably smoother, animations are more fluid, and even simple interactions like swiping through apps feel snappier.

According to the leak, Apple is reportedly using an LTPS OLED panel rather than the more advanced LTPO OLED technology found in the iPad Pro lineup. The distinction matters because LTPO displays can intelligently vary their refresh rate up to 120Hz, helping them deliver smoother visuals while also saving battery life. LTPS panels, on the other hand, generally stick to a fixed refresh rate, and in this case, that would reportedly be 60Hz.

Apple may be betting that gorgeous beats buttery

That doesn’t mean the new iPad mini wouldn’t be an upgrade. Moving from LCD to OLED should still bring deeper blacks, punchier colors, better contrast, and improved power efficiency. Movies would look more vibrant, and dark mode should finally appear truly black instead of dark gray. Still, a 60Hz OLED panel could leave some buyers scratching their heads. Apple has gradually expanded high-refresh-rate displays across more of its product lineup, so many expected the next iPad mini to follow suit. Then again, Apple has shown it’s still comfortable shipping premium-looking devices with 60Hz screens when it wants to keep costs under control, making this rumor believable enough.

The good news is that this leak isn’t set in stone. So, even if mass production has begun, it doesn’t necessarily confirm which display technology Apple has ultimately chosen. Recent reports from Korea suggest the OLED iPad mini is on track for a late 2026 launch, though Apple hasn’t officially confirmed anything yet. If the rumors prove accurate, the biggest upgrade may simply be OLED itself rather than the smoother 120Hz experience many fans were hoping for.

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Samsung’s Galaxy Watch 9 and Watch Ultra 2 could last for way longer

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Samsung’s next Galaxy smartwatches could last longer than ever, thanks to bigger batteries and more efficient processors.

According to a report from WinFuture, Samsung is set to swap its long-running Exynos smartwatch chips for Qualcomm’s Snapdragon Wear Elite platform. This new chip is built on a 3nm manufacturing process, and as such, should bring a welcome boost to both performance and power efficiency. As a result, everyday tasks might feel snappier while battery life could be extended.

The leak also suggests that memory and storage will vary by model. Samsung is reportedly pairing the new chipset with 2GB of RAM. Alongside that, you get either 32GB or 64GB of internal storage depending on the version you choose.

Battery upgrades appear to be a mixed bag across the range. The smaller 40mm Galaxy Watch 9 is expected to retain the same 325mAh battery as the current model. However, the larger 44mm version could receive a slight increase to 445mAh, up from 435mAh on the Galaxy Watch 8.

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The biggest improvement, however, may be reserved for the flagship. The Galaxy Watch Ultra 2 is tipped to jump from the original Ultra’s 590mAh battery to a much larger 800mAh cell. If that figure proves accurate, it could translate into a noticeable improvement in endurance. This would be particularly true for users who rely on GPS tracking, health monitoring and multi-day adventures.

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The latest report follows several recent leaks focusing on redesigned straps and refreshed styling. This time, however, the spotlight is firmly on internal hardware.

Samsung is expected to unveil the Galaxy Watch 9 series alongside the Galaxy Z Fold 8, Z Fold 8 Ultra and Z Flip 8 during Galaxy Unpacked on 22 July. With less than two weeks to go, it shouldn’t be long before we find out whether these leaked specifications make the final cut.

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IBM’s mainframe sales get mugged by AI hardware panic

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CEO Krishna: Customers blew their Z budgets on servers and storage before prices spike, Q2 financials ‘disappointing’

IBM says customers spooked by soaring demand for AI infrastructure raided their mainframe budgets to stockpile servers, storage, and memory instead, knocking Big Blue’s flagship Z business off course.

Ahead of its full calendar Q2 earnings release next week, IBM took the unusual step of publishing preliminary quarterly results alongside a letter from CEO Arvind Krishna explaining why the numbers fell short of expectations.

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The biggest disappointment came in Infrastructure, where revenue fell 7 percent, despite what IBM had previously described as the strongest launch of a mainframe generation in its history.

The culprit wasn’t a sudden loss of affection for mainframes, according to Krishna, but a last-minute scramble to secure hardware increasingly caught up in the AI spending boom.

“In the last few weeks of June, we saw clients shift their quarterly capex spend toward servers, storage, and memory purchases to secure supply-constrained infrastructure ahead of expected price increases,” Krishna wrote. “This dynamic impacted client buying patterns.”

IBM had expected some disruption from supply chain pressures, he said, “but we did not anticipate the magnitude of the capex reprioritization.”

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That’s an unusually candid admission from a company whose Z mainframes remain one of its highest-margin businesses. Customers, it seems, preferred to refresh infrastructure they fear might soon become more expensive or harder to obtain.

The spending shift also rippled through IBM’s software business because fewer mainframe deals meant weaker sales of the transaction-processing software that typically accompanies them.

Krishna pointed to another factor as well, saying clients were distracted by “rapidly evolving, industry-wide cybersecurity concerns” during the quarter, though he offered no further details on what those concerns were or how they affected purchasing decisions.

IBM was willing to shoulder some of the blame. “These conditions require our teams to execute perfectly, and this quarter we faltered,” Krishna wrote. “We did not adapt and move quickly enough, and numerous large deals failed to close on the timelines we expected, driving the majority of our shortfall.”

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Not everything disappointed. Red Hat revenue grew 11 percent, recent acquisitions including HashiCorp and Confluent performed strongly, and IBM’s Distributed Infrastructure business posted record reported growth of 37 percent, driven by Power servers and storage systems. 

Still, the quarter offers another sign of how the AI infrastructure race is reshaping enterprise IT budgets. For at least one quarter, customers decided the safest investment wasn’t the newest mainframe – it was buying as much in-demand hardware as possible before someone else did. ®

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As wage pressure eases and hiring slows, is it an employer’s market?

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Data from Morgan McKinley suggests that job applicants may have tough times ahead, in a landscape that is swaying slightly in favour of the employer.

Irish professionals services company Morgan Mckinley has today (14 July) published the latest Morgan McKinley Ireland Employment Monitor, which explores Ireland’s professional jobs market. 

The report found that the current employment landscape comes with some challenges for job applicants, particularly as wage pressures for employers ease and hiring continues to slow. 

Job openings in Ireland fell by 7.2pc in Q2 of 2026 and were shown to be down almost 10pc year-on-year. While the number of jobseekers fell by 6.8pc quarter-on-quarter, the figure was still 18.4pc higher than the previous year. 

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According to Morgan McKinley, the data is indicative of a more disciplined, employer-led market, in which employers are still recruiting but permanent headcount may struggle as organisations prioritise cost, productivity and workforce planning.

The report said, “Q2 was not a broad downturn, but it did mark a reset in hiring discipline. Demand remained active in roles linked to regulation, risk, infrastructure, transformation, AI, data and specialist project delivery. Broader expansion and non-essential replacement hiring became harder to justify.”

Trayc Keevans, the global FDI director for Morgan McKinley Ireland, said, “The professional employment market is entering a more disciplined phase. Employers remain active but are placing greater emphasis on hiring with precision. Companies still have work to deliver, but they are being far more cautious about adding permanent headcount. 

“That is why hiring processes are slower and vacancies are lower, as organisations balance growth ambitions with cost management, while contract talent continues to provide the flexibility many businesses need.

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“The result is a clear shift in bargaining power. Employers have more choice, wage pressure has eased and candidates are having to work harder to show why they should be hired. A strong CV is no longer enough on its own. Employers want evidence of impact, whether that is improving performance, adding value, reducing risk, managing change, or helping a business become more productive.”

Flexibility

Not wanting to stay static, Morgan McKinley found that employers are eager to keep projects moving onwards, without the financial responsibility of adding permanent headcount. As a result the report noted that contract and temporary hiring are gaining ground, particularly across technology, life sciences, multilingual roles, marketing, supply chain, projects, transformation and change.

Return-to-office expectations also tightened. While companies continue to facilitate hybrid working, data shows that three days in the office is becoming the default and many employers are gradually inching closer towards the original four or five days on site. Morgan McKinley suggested that this is causing friction among candidates who still place a high value on flexibility.

Keevans explained that AI is giving employers cause to reconsider the structure of current roles.

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She said, “If parts of a job can be automated, simplified or absorbed by existing teams, employers will question whether that role needs to be replaced in the same way. 

“That does not mean AI is about to wipe out professional jobs. The more immediate impact is fewer automatic replacements, more pressure on routine administrative and operational work and greater value placed on judgement, commercial thinking, regulation, client management and technical expertise.

“The risk for employers is mistaking caution for strategy. If they hold back too much, they may find themselves short of the skills they need when momentum returns.”

Sector by sector

Taking a closer look at how different industries performed, technology hiring remained active but was more selective in Q2, with the strongest demand being for Dublin-based contract roles in AI engineering, full-stack development, data, cloud, DevOps and governance. 

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The financial services space was also found to be relatively steady, albeit cautious, with hiring efforts focused primarily on replacement roles, internal progression and specialist skills linked to regulation and client demand. 

Risk, compliance, regulatory reporting, credit risk, AML, KYC, pensions and financial crime remained active areas, while climate, green energy and infrastructure projects supported demand for corporate finance, financial modelling and lending expertise.

Perhaps unsurprisingly, due to the nature of the work and the steady rise of contract employment, Morgan McKinley’s report indicated that employers are relying on temporary and contract talent to balance project delivery in the life science and engineering sectors. Demand was strongest across QC, quality assurance, clinical trials, automation, validation and process engineering. 

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I let Gemini take care of my houseplants, and they’ve never looked better

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I am, by every reasonable measure, a serial plant killer. I’ve lost count of the pothos, the peace lilies, the one very expensive fiddle-leaf fig that judged me silently for a month before giving up entirely. My problem was never a lack of love. It was that I’d either drown them out of guilt or forget they existed for a fortnight, with no middle ground. So when I started leaning on Gemini for the odd everyday question, letting it babysit my plants wasn’t some grand plan. It happened almost by accident, and now my flat looks like something a person with their life together would own.

It started the way most of my plant emergencies do, with a leaf going a color it definitely shouldn’t. Instead of doom-scrolling through contradictory Google searches like I usually would, I snapped a photo, handed it to Gemini, and asked what was wrong. What I got back was a proper answer, and it was the first of many.

Apparently, I was loving my plants a little too much

The feature that really won me over was Gemini Live. Instead of trying to describe what I was seeing, I could simply point my phone at a struggling plant, snap a photo, and ask what was wrong. It would identify the plant, explain what it was noticing, and tell me what was most likely causing the problem.

One time, I noticed a few leaves turning yellow and immediately assumed I wasn’t watering the plant enough. I was already reaching for the watering can when Gemini pointed out the opposite: I’d actually been overwatering it. The soil was staying too wet, and my help was actually making things worse. That completely changed how I look after my plants. I no longer have to guess whether I’m dealing with root rot, a nutrient deficiency, or something else entirely. I just take a photo, get an easy-to-understand explanation, and know what to try next. For someone who isn’t exactly a gardening expert, that’s been surprisingly reassuring.

I finally stopped killing things with kindness

The biggest lesson Gemini taught me had nothing to do with fertilizers or fancy plant care tricks. It was knowing when not to do anything. Before this, I thought being a good plant parent meant watering my plants whenever they looked a little sad. Gemini helped me understand that every plant is different. The pothos sitting in my bright window, for example, dries out much faster than the one tucked away in a darker corner. Instead of following a rigid watering schedule, it encouraged me to check the soil first and only water when the plant actually needed it.

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Looking back, I realized most of the plants I’d lost weren’t neglected — they were over-loved. Having something explain that in simple terms completely changed my approach. These days, I’m much more comfortable leaving my plants alone, and ironically, they’re healthier because of it.

The best plant care tip? Stop relying on your memory

My problem was never knowledge alone; it was consistency. I’d learn the right thing to do, only to completely forget to do it. So I started asking Gemini to help me build an actual schedule, plant by plant, and to remind me when things were due.

I can ask it to set reminders, and because it ties into the rest of Google’s world, those nudges actually reach me instead of dying in a notes app I never open. Every few days I get a prompt telling me which plants need checking, and instead of a chaotic once-a-month panic, watering has become a five-minute habit. For someone who could never stick to a routine on their own, having one gently handed to me made all the difference. I even started using it for the bigger decisions. When I wanted to move a plant to a brighter spot, I asked whether the new window got too much harsh afternoon sun. When one outgrew its pot, I asked when and how to repot it without shocking the roots. It’s like having a patient friend who happens to know a great deal about plants and never gets tired of my basic questions.

My plants finally found someone who understood them

I never planned on becoming someone who cared this much about plants. I just got tired of buying them, watching them slowly struggle, and eventually having to throw them away. Somewhere along the way, between asking Gemini why a leaf looked unhappy and letting it remind me when to water, I went from constantly replacing plants to actually keeping them alive. Now my home is filled with greenery that is genuinely growing. And the best part is that I didn’t suddenly develop a magical green thumb. I just stopped guessing and started understanding what my plants actually needed.

If you’re someone who loves the idea of having plants around but somehow turns every new one into a rescue mission, this is probably the easiest place to start. Take a photo, ask a question, and let Gemini help you figure out what your plant is trying to tell you.

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What’s The Difference Between Active Noise Canceling And Passive?

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The frustrating science of keeping your ears from doing their job.

Active noise canceling headphones and earbuds have skyrocketed in popularity over the past couple of decades, spreading from a niche product popular among frequent fliers to a nearly ubiquitous technology. Whether we’re talking about Apple’s ubiquitous AirPods Pro or premium consumer headphones from brands like Sony and Bose, it seems like there’s one thing upon which we can all agree in these divisive times: the world around us is way too noisy and we’d rather not hear it.

But if you’ve spent time looking at the best noise-canceling headphones, you’ve likely come across a puzzling distinction between passive and active sound attenuation. At a basic level, the difference between the two is that active noise canceling (ANC) headphones use a computer algorithm to prevent you from hearing outside noises, while passive noise canceling uses physical objects. But the human ear is a remarkably sensitive instrument, and keeping it from doing its job isn’t easy. The limitations of both attenuation types are large enough that the two work best when deployed in tandem.

But the details of these technologies get far more interesting. To function, active noise canceling uses the polarity of sound to create something called anti-noise, which physically destroys sound before it can reach your eardrum. And passive noise canceling is so core to the way most playback devices operate that allowing ambient noise through requires additional engineering work. Here’s what you need to know about both forms of noise canceling.

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Passive noise canceling means physically blocking your ears

Passive noise cancellation is the easiest kind of attenuation to understand. It simply means using physical objects to block noise from reaching your ears. When you put your hands over your ears, that’s passive noise canceling. Ditto for wearing earmuffs or earplugs. In the context of headphones and earbuds, passive noise cancellation is what happens when you put on your headphones without even turning them on.

Almost every pair of earbuds or headphones has passive noise canceling by definition, because you either cover your ears in the case of headphones or fill your ear canal in the case of earbuds. Wearable audio playback devices which do not passively isolate the listener are rare, and are specifically designed for that functionality. For instance, many musicians and audiophiles seek out open-back headphones, which have porous earcups to allow for a more natural sound in a studio or Hi-Fi listening setting. Lately, open-ear earbuds have also seen a rise in popularity among outdoor sports and fitness enthusiasts. Typified by products like the Shokz OpenDots 2, these often clip onto the outside of the ear and fire sound into it while leaving the canal unblocked so that workers can hear someone talking to them, or so that joggers and cyclists can navigate urban environments without being pancaked by a passing SUV.

Crucially, passive and active noise cancellation work hand-in-hand. Active noise cancelling headphones often require the listener to ensure that the earcup pads are forming a passive noise canceling seal around their ears. Some people who wear glasses will find that certain active noise canceling headphones don’t work as well for them because the arms of their glasses prevent the formation of a passive seal around the ears.

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Active noise canceling creates anti-noise to prevent you from hearing sound

With active noise cancellation, or ANC, your earbuds or headphones are equipped with a small, onboard computer that uses an algorithm to cancel out noise. The terminology is crucial. Whereas passive noise cancellation physically blocks sound, ANC actually does cancel it. Microphones on the exterior of the playback device analyze a wearer’s ambient environment. The computer then creates something called anti-noise, essentially an out-of-phase version of the sound from outside. It’s like adding a negative number to the positive of that number and getting zero. When the noise from outside mixes with the anti-noise, they physically cancel each other out, destroying the ambient noise before it hits your eardrums.

But ANC has severe limitations as of this writing. To create the correct anti-noise, your ANC headphones must accurately capture the original noise. Many companies have solved for this by throwing an increasing number of microphones at the problem. The Sony WH-1000XM6 headphones released earlier this year have a 12-microphone array. But even so, these pinhole mics are limited. Moreover, the ANC processor will always be on a delay, reacting to noise rather than being in sync with it. That’s why ANC works better when attenuating constant, low-frequency noises like an air conditioner, and why you can still hear things like cafe chatter.

Because of those limitations, passive noise canceling is the first line of defense for ANC headphones. The more noise you can physically block out of a listener’s ears, the less noise you need to run through an ANC processor. That’s why even the best noise-canceling earbuds can’t attenuate at the same level as competing over-ear headphones — sticking something inside your ear doesn’t passively block as much sound as covering them entirely.

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Apple TV: 30 of the Best Shows You’re Probably Not Watching

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Apple TV doesn’t need the “Plus” in its name for me to write something positive about the streamer’s library. I could just let the 89 Emmy nominations Apple received this year do the talking. None of these noms are for the platform’s hits like Severance and Ted Lasso, which absolutely says something about the quality of programming you’re potentially missing out on.

Apple relies mostly on organic discovery and word of mouth for its titles to take off, so it’s not necessarily that you’re not paying attention. You haven’t seen commercials or marketing campaigns for shows like Widow’s Bay, because that’s just not how Apple rolls. 

It’s an interesting way of putting movies and TV shows out into the world — and it’s made Apple TV feel way more like a secret club you’ve been let into. 

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To help you on your journey, I’ve compiled the guide below to the best shows Apple TV has to offer. I’ll be updating this list regularly, so please check back for additions. I put together a separate list of Apple TV’s best sci-fi TV shows, too. So check that out when you’re done here.

Read more: Apple TV Review: Small Library but the Quality Is Top-Notch

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Cape Fear, from show creator Nick Antosca and executive producers Martin Scorsese and Steven Spielberg, differs a bit from the 1991 and 1962 classics, but honors them both, as well as the original novel, The Executioners. It’s a modern-day noir that ramps up the tension and violence and keeps the stakes high throughout each episode. Javier Bardem’s Emmy-worthy turn as Max Cady, which somehow outdoes Robert De Niro’s, outshines everything else and is reason alone to watch.

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Criminal Record is a British crime series that follows two rival detectives — the older, jaded DCI Daniel Hegarty (Peter Capaldi) and the younger, motivated DS June Lenker (Cush Jumbo) — as they’re forced into an alliance to enforce justice amid the polarizing backdrop of modern-day London.

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Maximum Pleasure Guaranteed

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Apple TV’s Maximum Pleasure Guaranteed is a comedy thriller about a woman who connects with a camboy online, only to become the victim of a twisty blackmail scheme. The series also stars Jake Johnson and Murray Bartlett, so it features sturdy talent throughout this bingeable show.

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Margo’s Got Money Troubles

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Based on the book of the same name by Rufi Thorpe, Margo’s Got Money Troubles follows the struggles of a young woman with a new baby who turns to cam girl work on the internet to help pay the bills. Elle Fanning stars opposite Nick Offerman and Michelle Pfeiffer, who really are a match made in comedy heaven.

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What happens when a pandemic grips the globe, making everyone extremely happy? That’s the question at the center of Pluribus, Vince Gilligan’s latest TV project. The series, now the most-watched Apple TV show ever, follows a relatively unhappy woman named Carol (Rhea Seehorn) as she navigates this unsettling new reality. Can she find a way to save the world? Or will she eventually become a part of this odd hive mind?

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Apple’s military drama is based on real events and takes inspiration from Donald L. Miller’s book of the same name. The series follows the members of the 100th Bomb Group (aka the Bloody Hundredth) as they battle the Nazis during World War II. It has a stacked cast, including the likes of Austin Butler, Callum Turner, Anthony Boyle and Barry Keoghan. Masters of the Air was produced by Steven Spielberg and Tom Hanks.

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This conspiracy thriller, inspired by Mick Herron’s first novel in his Zoë Boehm series, begins when a child goes missing after a house fire. A concerned neighbor (played by Ruth Wilson) forms an unlikely partnership with Zoë (the books’ titular private investigator, played by Emma Thompson) to look for the kid. In the process, a conspiracy is uncovered, leading the duo down an unexpectedly dark path. 

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Kristen Wiig leads a phenomenal cast in Palm Royale, a campy satire that follows Maxine (Wiig), a woman who will do whatever it takes to get into the Palm Royale beach club. The series, which takes on classism, ambition, privilege and greed, also stars Ricky Martin, Josh Lucas, Leslie Bibb, Laura Dern, Allison Janney, Carol Burnett and John Stamos.

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Hijack, like 24 before it, is a terrorist thriller that takes place in real time. The series follows business negotiator Sam Nelson (played by Idris Elba) as he taps into his training to outsmart the hijackers who’ve taken over his flight. Thanks to Elba’s performance and the twisty narrative, this series proves to be a fun, edge-of-your-seat binge.

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This five-episode documentary series shines a light on the personal and professional life of filmmaker Martin Scorsese. I was surprised by how heartfelt and engaging this series turned out to be. If you’ve ever wondered how Scorsese became the legendary director he is today, this program is for you. Aside from hearing the stories directly from the man’s mouth, the show features never-before-seen footage and interviews with Robert De Niro, Daniel Day-Lewis, Leonardo DiCaprio, Mick Jagger, Steven Spielberg, Jodie Foster and Sharon Stone. 

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Seth Rogen co-created and stars in this dysfunctional comedy series about a movie studio’s attempt at staying relevant in Hollywood. Ike Barinholtz, Kathryn Hahn, Catherine O’Hara, Chase Sui Wonders and Bryan Cranston round out the cast. It’s the whopping list of celebrity cameos, though, that really sets this series apart from other comedies. Martin Scorsese, Ron Howard, Anthony Mackie and more show up in the most unexpected and hilarious ways. There’s nothing else like The Studio on TV. 

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Loot follows Molly Wells (played by Maya Rudolph), who, after getting divorced from her tech billionaire husband (played by Adam Scott), discovers she is $87 billion richer. Instead of living a lavish life, relishing in her newfound status, she decides to lead a philanthropic organization with the goal of giving it all away. Michaela Jaé Rodriguez, Nat Faxon, Ron Funches and Joel Kim Booster also star.

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The Reluctant Traveler With Eugene Levy

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The lack of Anthony Bourdain’s presence on TV has led me to flounder for a worthy host to fill the void. I didn’t expect Eugene Levy to be that guy. It’s all in the title of the show. He’s not a fan of traveling — but he’s taking himself out of his comfort zone and the result is an informative, heartwarming and entertaining series. 

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We all know about Abraham Lincoln’s assassination. Apple has turned that historical event into a conspiracy thriller that is well worth your time. Manhunt, which is based on the book Manhunt: The 12-Day Chase for Lincoln’s Killer, throws us into the chase to track down John Wilkes Booth. Anthony Boyle, Tobias Menzies, Hamish Linklater, Betty Gabriel, Matt Walsh and Patton Oswalt star.

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Trying follows Nikki (Esther Smith) and Jason (Rafe Spall), a couple who can’t have a baby. So, they move to adopt. But the process isn’t that simple — especially when you throw their off-beat families and daily chaos into the mix. Trying is a lot of things: a romance, a comedy, a drama. Whatever you want to call it, the Apple TV series is a thoroughly enjoyable watch.

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Jason Momoa stars, served as writer and executive produced the period drama Chief of War. The series tells the story of the unification of the Hawaiian islands against the threat of colonization at the turn of the 18th century. The show features a predominantly Polynesian cast and explores this time in history from the perspective of Indigenous people.

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Acapulco stars Eugenio Derbez as Maximo, a man reminiscing about his younger years working at a hotel in 1980s Acapulco. It’s a light-hearted series that is nostalgic and full of heart, which feels like an anomaly in our current TV era. You want a bright and fun show, with low emotional stakes? This is the series for you.

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Slow Horses is the first television series starring Gary Oldman, and that detail, in and of itself, should be enough to get you to tune in. The program is inspired by Mick Herron’s Slough House book series and follows Jackson Lamb (Oldman) and his crew of low-level spies as they face espionage challenges and criminal conspiracies in each season. Three of the show’s five seasons have a perfect 100% score on Rotten Tomatoes, which it absolutely deserves.  

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Taron Egerton is Dave, an arson investigator, and Jurnee Smollett is Michelle, a police detective, who team up to track down a duo of arsonists wreaking havoc on their community. Smoke is a brooding drama series inspired by true events. There’s a twisty mystery fueling this program, and it boasts a strong cast, which also includes Greg Kinnear, Anna Chlumsky, John Leguizamo, Rafe Spall and Ntare Guma Mbaho Mwine.

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If you thought the return of Happy Gilmore was the only golf comedy worth watching, think again. Stick stars Owen Wilson as Pryce Cahill, a jaded ex-golfer who is given a second chance at the sport in the form of a 17-year-old golf prodigy named Santi (Peter Dager). If you’re looking for another feel-good sports series like Ted Lasso, you should definitely give this show a shot.

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Dope Thief is inspired by Dennis Tafoya’s 2009 novel and follows friends Ray and Manny, who decide to impersonate DEA agents so they can steal from drug dealers. Things go sideways when their tiny crime unveils a massive drug operation. Brian Tyree Henry and Wagner Moura lead the series, ensuring this enthralling drama is led by top-tier talent. 

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In this dark comedy, Jon Hamm plays defamed hedge fund manager Andrew “Coop” Cooper, who decides to try home invasions as a means of generating income. The twist on that twist? He’s robbing his wealthy neighbors. What he doesn’t expect through all this thievery is the dark secrets he uncovers about the members of this upper-crust community.

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Black Bird is inspired by the true story of Jimmy Keene (Taron Egerton), a man who made a deal with the FBI to go undercover in a maximum-security prison to shorten his sentence. I forgot to mention, this is a place that houses the criminally insane and his mission is to make friends with Larry Hall, a suspected serial killer, so he can discover information about where the bodies are buried. That is, if he can get a confession in the first place. Paul Walter Hauser gives a career-best performance as Hall.

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Based on the novel by Min Jin Lee, Pachinko is a sweeping drama that follows multiple generations of a Korean family from the early 1900s through the 1980s. Seriously, it’s hard to sum up how beautiful and complex the storytelling is in this series in a few sentences. I’ll just say the performances (by Lee Min-ho, Jin Ha, Minha Kim and the rest of the cast), cinematography and conflicts featured here are absolutely fabulous. It’s probably the best show on this entire list, if I am being honest.

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Jason Segel, Harrison Ford and Jessica Williams star in this dramedy series about a broken therapist who strives to piece his life and family back together after a heartbreaking loss. There’s an intriguing balance found when Jimmy (Segel) breaks from professional norms to help his clients heal while seeking to do the same for himself. It’s sad, hilarious, poignant and profound. To me, this is what mental health stories on TV should look like.

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When you center a murder mystery in Florida, you have to expect things to get weird. And they do just that in Bad Monkey. It’s a quirky sort of drama that stars Vince Vaughn as Andrew Yancy, a detective-turned-restaurant inspector, who gets sucked into a murder case after fishing a severed arm out of the ocean. Bill Lawrence (of Ted Lasso, Scrubs and Shrinking fame) created the dark comedy, which is inspired by the book by Carl Hiaasen.

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Presumed Innocent, based on the novel by Scott Turow, hails from executive producer David E. Kelley and stars Jake Gyllenhaal as smarmy lawyer Rusty Sabich. Unlike the 1987 movie starring Harrison Ford, this series delves way deeper into the multilayered scandal that put Sabich in handcuffs. The exploration of every character, all of whom seem awful in some way, adds to a morally corrupt narrative that makes this a riveting, albeit sometimes frustrating, watch. 

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Here we have yet another book adaptation to add to this list, and, thankfully, Lessons in Chemistry is a feel-good delight. Inspired by Bonnie Garmus’ book of the same name, the series follows a chemist named Elizabeth Zott (Brie Larson) who finds herself taking a job as host of a cooking show. Being a story that takes place in the ’50s, it shouldn’t be a surprise that Zott faces loads of sexism in the workplace. She perseveres, though, and brings a quirky scientific element to her Julia Childs-like role, making this period piece a fun show to dig into.

Watch this: The Biggest Battles Ahead for Apple’s Next CEO, John Ternus

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I didn’t know what to expect when I clicked play on Platonic. Seth Rogen and Rose Byrne have co-starred in other projects together, but their delightfully oddball dynamic in this one stands out. The story follows two longtime friends who reconnect in their 40s only to find that, even though they live very different lives, they share common midlife struggles of trying to figure out where they fit in this rapidly changing world. It’s also nice to see a non-romantic exploration of a friendship between a man and a woman. Contrary to what When Harry Met Sally said, it is possible.

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Sharon Horgan created this dark comedy series — which takes inspiration from the Belgian show Clan — about a group of sisters who deal with the fallout of the murder of JP, one of the women’s husbands, who, because of his distasteful behavior, is referred to throughout the show as “The Prick.” The series shifts narrative regularly to reveal bits and pieces behind who killed the man, while showcasing the dysfunctional dynamic between these bad sisters. Horgan stars opposite Anne-Marie Duff, Eva Birthistle, Sarah Greene and Eve Hewson.

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Black Flag Resynced is a hit, but its always-online requirement just proved it’s not really offline

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What just happened? Out of the gate, Assassin’s Creed Black Flag Resynced is undeniably a hit, with strong reviews and sales, but the game encountered multiple rounds of controversy immediately following its launch last week. One issue involved the PC version’s requirement for a constant internet connection.

According to complaints on Reddit and the Steam forums, the PC version of Assassin’s Creed Black Flag Resynced became unplayable over the weekend because Ubisoft Connect’s servers experienced an outage. The incident locked players out of a single-player title that is supposed to have an offline mode.

Whether players purchased the game through Steam, the Ubisoft Store, or the Epic Games Store, all PC copies of Assassin’s Creed Black Flag Resynced require a one-time online activation through Ubisoft Connect. Once activated, playing should not require a constant internet connection.

Some players reported that the outage disabled all games that used Ubisoft Connect, suggesting that the service’s offline mode does not function as advertised. The feature previously drew attention when Ubisoft introduced an offline mode for The Crew 2 after taking its online-only predecessor, The Crew, offline – a shutdown that bricked the game for 12 million buyers.

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Discussion surrounding internet requirements for digital games has intensified following Sony’s decision to cease printing physical discs after 2028, which raised concerns about customer ownership. Ubisoft has previously stated that users should get used to not owning games.

The Ubisoft Connect outage is not the first incident to draw outrage during the week following Resynced’s launch. Steam users review-bombed the game after discovering that it includes $85 of DLC and microtransactions. In response, the publisher stressed that the $60 base game includes all of its core content and that the microtransactions simply help some players save time.

Also check out: Assassin’s Creed Black Flag Resynced: 50 GPU Benchmark

This remake of 2013’s Assassin’s Creed IV: Black Flag experienced the franchise’s most successful launch in years. With its dramatically enhanced graphics and combat, the sandbox action-adventure game has proven popular with critics and players.

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An analysis from Alinea noted that, two days before the game’s launch, Resynced had achieved more than five times as many pre-orders as Assassin’s Creed Shadows. The day after Resynced went live, Ubisoft announced that it had sold two million copies. Observers quickly noted the difference in the company’s messaging compared to when it announced that Shadows had gained two million players, indicating that Resynced did far better commercially.

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Pixel Watch 5 leak bares it all, and it seems Google is playing it safe again

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Google’s next smartwatch may have just lost what little mystery it had left. High-resolution Pixel Watch 5 renders shared by longtime device leaker Steve Hemmerstoffer, better known as OnLeaks, show both case sizes and what’s claimed to be the complete color lineup ahead of Google’s expected August 12 launch event. The images were published in partnership with TheTideChart.com.

Assuming the renders are accurate, Google isn’t straying far from its established formula. The domed display and proprietary band system both appear to be returning for another generation.

How much has the design changed

Judging by the images, almost nothing. Google’s pebble-like silhouette remains intact, and even the side-mounted charging contacts look unchanged.

The familiar lug system means existing bands could carry over. Meanwhile, the connector layout suggests Pixel Watch 4 chargers might remain compatible. Google hasn’t confirmed either detail, so don’t start clearing space in the cable drawer just yet.

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The renders show 41mm and 45mm cases in Dark Anthracite, Natural Silver, and Pyrite. Warm Gold appears with the smaller case and a coral band, but there’s no 45mm version pictured. That doesn’t rule one out when the watch reaches stores.

Playing it safe isn’t necessarily a bad decision when the current design remains distinctive. Still, anyone hoping the fifth Pixel Watch would finally move beyond the glossy pebble is probably getting another year of small refinements.

What could change under the shell

The more meaningful upgrades could be hiding inside. FCC filings tied to four suspected Pixel Watch 5 models reportedly indicate Wi-Fi and LTE variants. The filings also point to Wi-Fi 6 and ultra-wideband support, while cellular models could retain satellite SOS connectivity.

Larger batteries and a new wearable-focused Tensor chip have also been rumored, although neither claim has been independently verified. So far, this still looks like an evolutionary update instead of a major hardware rethink.

How much could it cost

The conservative design may come with a higher price. Retail rumors put the 41mm Wi-Fi model at $399, which would be $50 more than the Pixel Watch 4. The largest LTE configuration could reportedly reach $529.

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Google is expected to reveal the watch on August 12. Preorders could begin the following day, with wider availability rumored for August 20. Until Google takes the stage, the design looks convincing, but the specifications, prices, and release timing remain leaks.

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