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Children’s lives ‘at stake’ as whooping cough and measles cases rise

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Children's lives 'at stake' as whooping cough and measles cases rise

The lives of the vulnerable, especially young children, are at stake according to the UK’s leading vaccine expert as a campaign to boost uptake of routine jabs launches today.

Professor Sir Andrew Pollard, paediatrician and director of the Oxford Vaccine Group, is urging parents to get their children vaccinated amid rising cases of whooping cough and measles.

The increase has coincided with sustained falls in vaccination levels for various diseases with devastating consequences.

NHS England data showed that none of the main childhood vaccines hit their 95 per cent uptake targets in 2023-24 including the six-in-one jab which protects against whooping cough, polio and tetanus, as well as the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine. The latest UK Health Security Agency figures show only 85 per cent of under-fives in England have received two doses of MMR.

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Since January, there have been 2,465 confirmed measles cases reported in England, which is very contagious and can causes serious complications such as swelling in the brain. In February, an adult visiting from Ireland who caught measles while in the UK died after they returned home.

The whooping cough vaccine is offered to all pregnant women between 16 and 32 weeks of pregnancy to protect their babies, but most recent figures suggest uptake is around just 60 per cent.

There have been nine reported deaths of infants from whooping cough in England since November last year, while the latest figures from the UK Health Security Agency show 12,200 confirmed cases between January and July 2024.

Measles – symptoms to watch out for

Measles usually starts with cold-like symptoms, followed by a rash a few days later. Some people may also get small spots in their mouth.

The first symptoms of measles include:

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  • a high temperature
  • a runny or blocked nose
  • sneezing
  • a cough
  • red, sore, watery eyes
  • spots in the mouth

Small white spots may appear inside the cheeks and on the back of the lips a few days later. These spots usually last a few days.

A rash usually appears a few days after the cold-like symptoms. The rash starts on the face and behind the ears before spreading to the rest of the body. The spots of the measles rash are sometimes raised and join together to form blotchy patches. They’re not usually itchy.

The rash looks brown or red on white skin. It may be harder to see on brown and black skin. It’s very unlikely to be measles if you’ve had both doses of the MMR vaccine or you’ve had measles before.

Sir Andrew said: “The recent outbreaks of measles and whooping cough all across the UK, which have arisen because of falling vaccination rates, threaten the lives of the vulnerable, especially young children.

“Vaccines are the umbrellas that keep the rain away from all those who shelter beneath them. If we are to stay dry, we must put the umbrellas back up. Make sure that every child is immunised today.”

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The campaign, which aims to educate and inform the public about how vaccines protect not only individuals but entire communities – including those who are vulnerable such as newborns and older adults – was created by the Vaccine Knowledge Project team at the Oxford Vaccine Group.

Researchers have developed an animation that, they say, focuses on the “critical role” whooping cough jabs play in protecting against infection, which can cause serious complications such as pneumonia.

It coincides with publication of a Lancet paper which shows the MMR vaccine remains the best protection against measles for life, protecting over 95 per cent of vaccinated people.

Most measles cases in England are in unvaccinated children and young people, but the proportion of measles cases in people who received two doses of the MMR vaccine has increased since 2010, especially among young adults: from 1.9 per cent in 2011 to 7.2 per cent in 2019.

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Signs of whooping cough

The first signs of whooping cough are similar to a cold, such as a runny nose and sore throat (a high temperature is uncommon).

After about a week, you or your child:

  • will get coughing bouts that last for a few minutes and are worse at night
  • may make a “whoop” sound – a gasp for breath between coughs (young babies and some adults may not “whoop”)
  • may have difficulty breathing after a coughing bout and may turn blue or grey (young infants)
  • may bring up a thick mucus, which can make you vomit
  • may become very red in the face (more common in adults)

The cough may last for several weeks or months.

The authors said the cause of this increase remains unclear, but a modelling study by scientists at The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) suggests slow MMR vaccine waning may partially contribute to rising measles cases in double-vaccinated people when outbreaks occur.

Dr Alexis Robert, from LSHTM, said: “Although our results suggest that a slight waning of immunity from the MMR vaccine over time explains why we are seeing an increase in the proportion of measles cases in double-vaccinated people in England, it’s important to note that the biggest risk factor for measles outbreaks by far is low vaccination rates.

“The MMR vaccine remains highly effective and receiving two doses will protect you and those around you against measles infection. Even if you are one of the small number of people who get an infection after two doses of MMR vaccine, previous studies suggest measles symptoms in people who have been vaccinated are milder than in people who have not had a vaccine.”

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Charlie Firth, vaccine knowledge and public engagement manager at the Oxford Vaccine Group, said the reasons for the drop in vaccination rates range from from vaccine hesitancy and inequities in access to services to complacency.

“Many of the diseases we are trying to protect against have not been seen in a long time, and so the perception within the general public of the importance of vaccination seems to have dropped,” he said.

Sir Andrew said: “Measles cases are on the rise across the globe because children are just not getting jabbed. Most of the problem is the simple inadequacy of health systems, including the NHS, to connect with families, provide knowledgeable advice and ensure easy access to measles and other life-saving vaccines.

“It is a fact that measles goes away when at least 95 per cent of children are consistently vaccinated in a population and achieving this will stop the ongoing and future outbreaks here in our communities – we must fix this for our children.”

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Sophie’s legacy is greater than this uneven posthumous album

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Sophie's legacy is greater than this uneven posthumous album

The great tragedy of the hyperpop producer Sophie was that it took her death in 2021 for many music fans to become aware of her avant-garde electronica. Her fatal fall from a rooftop in Athens at the age of 34 was met with an outpouring by friends and admirers including Charli XCX and AG Cook, the PC Music label founder who shared Sophie’s bigger-is-better artistic outlook.

To many beyond her immediate circle, that chorus of grief was the entry point to her glitchy, hectic techno. For that reason, the terrible paradox around her posthumous new album – titled simply Sophie – is that it is perhaps the most anticipated of her short, critically-acclaimed career. That’s a shame because, while there is much here to celebrate, the record (her second official studio album following 2018’s Grammy-nominated Oil of Every Pearl’s Un-Insides) is, in its totality, an uneven and sometimes challenging listen.

There are real highlights on a project overseen by the artist’s brother and sister, Benny and Emily Long (working from Sophie’s largely completed recordings). The catchier moments are straight-up gorgeous. Punchy pop princess Kim Petras conjures a disco neverland against an onslaught of house beats on the thrilling “Reason Why”. The same exuberant spirit crackles through autumnal banger “Why Lies”, featuring R’n’B duo BC Kingdom and dreamy LA vocalist Liz.

SOPHIE Sophie Xeon Image via jodie@staygoldenpr.com

But these highs are offset by experimental interludes that feel as if they belong to a different, much less accessible record. The sinister spoken-word piece “The Dome’s Protection”, with Russian producer Nina Kraviz, serves as an early dystopian sign-post. It starts with a robotic voice repeating “unpredictable reality” over a Blade Runner-esque shiver of synths and turns steadily bleaker. The 70s sci-fi chill is ratcheted up further on “Berlin Nightmare”, a brutalist electro avalanche built around a beat that clatters like a jackhammer on a busy street.

Sophie was that rare modern pop figure who stayed out of the spotlight even as her cult following grew. Little was known of her life beyond the fact that she drew artistic inspiration from her identity as a trans woman (even her hometown has been widely misreported as Glasgow, leading to a common misconception that she was Scottish, when in fact she was born in Northampton and later moved to London). That mystery is set to endure: there are few additional insights into her personality or worldview across a bleak and emotionally withholding swansong. She is an enigma throughout, stubbornly resisting the trend in modern pop to inject a musician’s personality into every aspect of their art.

Her family deserves immense credit for completing the album. For existing fans, the record is an opportunity to say farewell to a groundbreaking artist. But for newcomers who only discovered her after the fact, Sophie is a confounding listen – catchy one moment, unsettling and jarring the next. Despite the best intentions of all involved, it makes for an uneven representation of a voice so cruelly taken before her time.

Stream: “Reason Why”, “Why Lies”

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Families prepare to fight plans to sell off Kirklees dementia care homes

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Families prepare to fight plans to sell off Kirklees dementia care homes


Kirklees Council is looking to sell off the two homes to the private sector

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WeRide and Uber to bring autonomous vehicles to the UAE this year

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WeRide and Uber to bring autonomous vehicles to the UAE this year

Global leading autonomous driving technology company WeRide has teamed up with Uber Technologies, the world’s largest mobility and delivery technology platform, to bring WeRide’s autonomous vehicles onto the Uber platform, beginning in the United Arab Emirates

Continue reading WeRide and Uber to bring autonomous vehicles to the UAE this year at Business Traveller.

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Locals in Greater Manchester town horrified when river starts foaming

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Locals in Greater Manchester town horrified when river starts foaming

Locals in Dukinfield, Greater Manchester, were shocked today as the River Tame became covered in mysterious foam. Roads and cars were blanketed in white bubbles, carried by the wind. Resident Sam Pedder, expressed disbelief, saying it’s the worst he’s seen in 34 years. An Environment Agency spokesperson thanked the public for reporting the incident and is investigating the cause, suspected to be pollutants dumped upstream.

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KOSA Poses Serious First Amendment Concerns

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In an article for Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF), authors Jason Kelly, Aaron Mackey, and Joe Mullin argue that updates to the Kids Online Safety Act (KOSA) aren’t enough to fix its core First Amendment issues, which will endanger LGTBQ youth, young people seeking mental health information, and many other at-risk communities. EFF contends that “KOSA remains a dangerous bill that would allow the government to decide what types of information can be shared and read online by everyone.

It would still require an enormous number of websites, apps, and online platforms to filter and block legal, and important, speech.” In 2022, lawmakers were under extreme scrutiny by advocacy groups, including GLAAD and the Human Rights Campaign, who believed KOSA would suppress critical resources for LGTBQ youth and restrict access to online communities. 

The newly revised KOSA bill is updated with a “duty of care” that requires platforms to “exercise reasonable care in the creation and implementation of any design feature” to mitigate harms to minors, which are outlined in the act, such as self-harm, eating disorders, substance abuse, among others. But EFF posits that because there is no case law defining “reasonable care,” platforms are put in legally compromising positions for hosting otherwise legal content on their websites, such as information about support groups for vulnerable and marginalized youth and suicide prevention resources. 

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EFF maintains, “censorship is not the right approach to protecting people online, and that the promise of the internet is one that must apply equally to everyone, regardless of age. 

Corporate outlets, such as the Washington Post and New York Times, have covered KOSA and its subsequent adjustments by lawmakers but have not examined the ambiguity of some of these updates and their implications, such as its “duty of care,” which EFF has called a “duty of censorship.”

For more information about this topic, see Steve Macek’s Project Censored recent Dispatch about KOSA and avram anderson and Shealeigh Voitl’s Dispatch about related legislation, including the EARN IT Act.

Source: Jason Kelley, Aaron Mackey, and Joe Mullin, “Don’t Fall for the Latest Changes to the Dangerous Kids Online Safety Act,” Electronic Frontier Foundation, February 15, 2024.

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Student Researcher: Vincenzo Champion (City College of San Francisco)

Faculty Evaluator: Jennifer Levinson (City College of San Francisco)

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China lifts investor hopes with promise of more support for economy

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This article is an on-site version of our FirstFT newsletter. Subscribers can sign up to our Asia, Europe/Africa or Americas edition to receive the newsletter every weekday. Explore all of our newsletters here

Good morning. In today’s newsletter:

  • Saudi Arabia prepares to abandon its oil price target

  • China’s accelerating green transition

  • How a Chinese billionaire’s Silicon Valley splurge caught the FBI’s eye

But first, China’s leaders have vowed to intensify fiscal support for the world’s second-largest economy, raising market expectations for more intervention just days after the central bank announced the biggest monetary stimulus since the pandemic.

The politburo, led by President Xi Jinping, pledged yesterday to “issue and use” government bonds to better implement “the driving role of government investment”. The comments come as analysts warn that China is in danger of missing its official economic growth target this year.

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The politburo usually does not hold economic sessions in September, suggesting “an increased sense of urgency” about growing deflationary pressures, Morgan Stanley analysts said.

But they said China’s government did not yet appear to have reached a “whatever it takes” moment on the economy. Here’s more on the politburo’s statement and how markets reacted.

And here’s what else I’m keeping tabs on today:

  • Economic data: Japan publishes August trade statistics and China reports industrial profit for the same month. On Sunday, Vietnam reports September inflation data and third-quarter GDP.

  • Japan leadership vote: The Liberal Democratic party holds a leadership vote, in effect deciding the new prime minister. Here’s the crowded field to succeed current premier Fumio Kishida, who said last month he would not seek re-election.

How well did you keep up with the news this week? Take our quiz.

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Five more top stories

1. Exclusive: Saudi Arabia is ready to abandon its unofficial price target of $100 a barrel for crude as it prepares to increase output. The prospect of Riyadh ditching its target is a sign that the kingdom is resigned to a period of lower oil prices, according to people familiar with the country’s thinking.

2. A company backed by Clayton, Dubilier & Rice and Hellman & Friedman, BlackRock and Singapore’s GIC is preparing one of the largest debt-fuelled dividend payouts in private equity history. Belron, the world’s biggest windscreen repair company, is in talks with lenders to raise €8.1bn through new bonds and loans to finance the €4.4bn dividend.

3. New York City mayor Eric Adams has been charged with fraud and bribery over an alleged long-running scheme to solicit cash and luxury travel from Turkish government officials and other wealthy foreign donors. The explosive charges mark the first criminal case in modern history against a sitting New York mayor.

4. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu vowed yesterday that Israel would press on with its offensive against Hizbollah in Lebanon, casting doubts on a US-led diplomatic push for a ceasefire to prevent a full-blown war. Netanyahu spoke in New York, where he is due to address the UN General Assembly today.

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5. Global companies have stepped off the sidelines in recent months to pursue blockbuster takeovers of rivals, with high-profile transactions such as Mars’s purchase of Kellanova and Verizon’s takeover of Frontier Communications spurring hopes of a dealmaking revival. While the overall number of deals sank to a nine-year low, bankers said boardroom sentiment had become more optimistic.

The Big Read

Montage of images of Xi Jinping against a backdrop of solar panels, wind turbines and power pylons
© FT montage/Getty Images

The scale and pace of China’s transition from fossil fuels has smashed international forecasts, exceeded Beijing’s own targets and put the rest of the world on notice. But to wean the country off coal, Chinese authorities need to push through a politically toxic shake-up of the electricity system, a long and thorny process that has already dragged on for decades.

We’re also reading . . . 

Graphic of the day

Could this radically shaped plane change the future of commercial flying by 2030? Inspired by the US Air Force’s B-2 stealth bomber, JetZero’s new aircraft promises to be both less noisy and more fuel-efficient.

Take a break from the news

We’re celebrating the 30th anniversary of our iconic Lunch with the FT with a free, pop-up newsletter. Receive our favourite Lunches from the archives in your inbox, featuring fresh insights from the interviewer. Join us for a weekly serving of Lunch starting this Sunday, until November.

A montage of headshots, all colour illustrations, of multiple people, including Liz Truss, Greta Thunberg, Zadie Smith, Janet Yellen, Elon Musk, Bill Gates, Donald Trump, Prince Andrew, David Attenborough and many more
Some of the interviewees from 30 years of Lunch with the FT © James Ferguson, Seb Jarnot, Ciaran Murphy

Additional contributions from Gordon Smith and Tee Zhuo

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