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MoonPay Unveils Wallet Standard for AI Agents

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MoonPay Unveils Wallet Standard for AI Agents

The Open Wallet Standard aims to fill a gap in the rapidly growing agentic payments stack by giving AI agents a universal, non-custodial way to hold funds and sign transactions across blockchains.

MoonPay on Monday released the Open Wallet Standard (OWS), an MIT-licensed, open-source specification that defines how AI agents interact with crypto wallets, including key storage, transaction signing, and cross-chain account derivation, without ever exposing a private key to the agent process or the large language model driving it.

The standard launched with contributions from over 15 organizations spanning payments, exchanges, and blockchain infrastructure, including PayPal, OKX, Ripple, Tron, TON Foundation, Solana Foundation, Ethereum Foundation, Base, Polygon, Sui, Filecoin Foundation, LayerZero, and Circle.

“The agent economy has payment rails. It didn’t have a wallet standard,” MoonPay CEO Ivan Soto-Wright said in a statement.

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The release arrives as the infrastructure for agentic payments is rapidly developing, yet remains fragmented across competing protocols, each assuming agents already have a wallet without specifying how that wallet should work.

As The Defiant reported last week, two protocols are racing to become the foundation of AI payments: x402, backed by Coinbase, and the Machine Payments Protocol (MPP), launched by Stripe and Tempo. Tempo’s payments-focused Layer 1, which went live on mainnet on March 18, shipped with MPP’s “sessions” primitive, allowing agents to set a spending limit upfront and stream micropayments continuously without an on-chain transaction per interaction.

On the same day, Coinbase dropped a significant upgrade to x402, adding support for virtually any ERC-20 token via Uniswap’s Permit2 and new gas sponsorship extensions.

Meanwhile, Visa entered the arena with its own approach. Visa Crypto Labs launched Visa CLI, a command-line interface payment tool targeting AI agent payments, currently in closed beta. And Circle launched Nanopayments on testnet, built on the x402 standard and designed for sub-cent, gas-free USDC transactions for AI agents paying for pay-per-call APIs.

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But as MoonPay frames it, all of these systems share a common assumption: the agent already has a wallet. None defines where the wallet lives, how keys are stored, or how one agent discovers a wallet created by another.

In practice, MoonPay says, this means a user running three different AI tools today could have their funds scattered across three separate wallets with no way to access a unified balance.

How It Works

The Open Wallet Standard is structured as seven sub-specifications covering storage, signing, policies, agent access, key isolation, wallet lifecycle, and supported chains. Each module can be adopted independently.

The core design principle is zero key exposure. Keys are encrypted, decrypted only to produce a signature, held in protected memory that cannot be swapped to disk, and wiped immediately after signing. The private key is never accessible to the agent, the LLM context, or any parent application.

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A single seed phrase derives accounts across eight chain families — EVM, Solana, Bitcoin, Cosmos, Tron, TON, Spark, Filecoin, and XRP Ledger — with a unified signing interface and CAIP-2 chain identifiers.

There’s also a pre-signing policy engine that evaluates every transaction before any key material is touched. Operators can set spending limits, contract allowlists, chain restrictions, and time-bound authorizations. The standard ships with native SDK bindings for Node.js and Python, a CLI, and an MCP server interface compatible with frameworks including Claude, ChatGPT, and LangChain.

The launch positions OWS not as a competitor to x402 or MPP but as a complementary layer. When x402 returns a payment request, OWS produces the signed authorization. When MPP opens a session and streams micropayments, OWS signs each payment within the agent’s authorized limits.

Whether MoonPay’s open standard gains traction will depend on whether competing agent frameworks adopt a shared wallet layer or continue building proprietary key management.

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This article was written with the assistance of AI workflows. All our stories are curated, edited and fact-checked by a human.

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Spain Arrests Suspect in 2025 Ledger Co-Founder Kidnapping

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Spain Arrests Suspect in 2025 Ledger Co-Founder Kidnapping

Spanish authorities have arrested a suspect in the 2025 kidnapping of Ledger co-founder David Balland, marking a cross-border breakthrough in one of Europe’s most high-profile crypto-linked abduction cases.

Spain’s Civil Guard said the suspect was detained in Benalmádena, in the southern province of Málaga, under a European arrest warrant issued by France. The man is accused of involvement in the abduction and torture of Balland, in which attackers demanded a ransom of 10 million euros (around $11.5 million).

Balland was abducted from his home in central France on Jan. 21, 2025, and was held captive until a police operation secured his release on the night of Jan. 22. 

The arrest marks the latest development in the case, which prompted a cross-border investigation by French and Spanish authorities. French authorities had previously identified and arrested other members of the group who attacked Balland, with the remaining suspect allegedly fleeing to Spain to evade capture, the Civil Guard said.

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Image of the suspect being arrested. Source: Spanish Civil Guard

Fugitive moved across Spain before arrest

Investigators tracked the suspect to the province of Valencia, where he was living with his partner and a friend. The group kept a low profile, staying in apartments rented through online platforms and using a third party’s bank card to avoid leaving a trace.

Related: Wrench attacks against crypto holders are rising and growing ‘more violent’

According to the Civil Guard, he later moved through Seville and Cádiz before being located and arrested in the town of Benalmadena, 

Authorities added that the arrest, transfer and detention required a large police operation due to the suspect’s dangerousness and the risk that members of the criminal organization he was linked to could attempt to free him.

Crypto-linked attacks targeting individuals in France

The case is one of a broader wave of crypto-linked attacks in France throughout 2025. In June, French authorities charged 25 suspects over a series of kidnappings and attempted kidnappings of crypto executives and investors. 

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That same month, a crypto user was abducted and held captive in France for several hours, with attackers demanding cash and access to a hardware wallet containing an undisclosed amount of funds.

Earlier in the year, the daughter and grandson of Pierre Noizat, CEO of French crypto exchange Paymium, were targeted in an attempted abduction, but the victims fought back and escaped.

Magazine: Big Questions: Can Bitcoin save you from the dreaded Cantillon Effect?

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