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Jimmy Song argues Bitcoin needs a ‘conservative’ node client

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Bitcoin’s future resilience and decentralization hinge on how conservatively its core node software evolves. Jimmy Song, co-founder of ProductionReady—a non-profit funding open-source Bitcoin node development and education—argues for a “conservative” client approach. In his view, preserving Bitcoin’s monetary properties means resisting large-scale code changes unless there is overwhelming community support.

ProductionReady has a stated bias against major software overhauls, and Song told Cointelegraph the principle is simple: if a change isn’t clearly improving the money itself, it shouldn’t be implemented. A key area of interest for the group is data limits within transactions. Song said the organization intends to restore an 83-byte OP_RETURN data limit for non-monetary information, a move aimed at keeping node storage costs manageable and, by extension, broadening participation in running full nodes. He framed it as a practical way to enhance self-sovereignty: “The more self-sovereign Bitcoin users are, the more decentralized and resilient the network becomes. That means keeping the cost of running a node low enough for ordinary people to do it.”

Song’s stance underscores a broader industry debate: how to balance on-chain capability with decentralization. ProductionReady’s position is that excessive data requirements, if not carefully bounded, can deter everyday users from operating nodes and inadvertently centralize verification power among a smaller group of participants.

Key takeaways

  • Conservative node design aims to preserve Bitcoin’s monetary properties and prevent centralization by keeping operational costs accessible to ordinary users.
  • ProductionReady advocates restoring the 83-byte OP_RETURN limit for non-monetary data to curb data bloat while preserving self-sovereignty.
  • Bitcoin Core’s latest upgrade era has intensified debates over data limits and on-chain spam, prompting renewed attention on node accessibility and network health.
  • Bitcoin Knots has gained traction as an alternative node implementation, rising to roughly 4,700 nodes and about 21.7% of the network, according to Coin Dance data.
  • The 2024 baseline for Knots was near 1%, highlighting a dramatic shift in the node ecosystem following Core’s changes.

OP_RETURN debate reshapes the node landscape

Central to the discussion is how non-monetary data is handled in Bitcoin transactions. In 2024–2025, the community has grappled with on-chain data limits and their impact on both spam prevention and node operability. The targeted 83-byte cap—designed to allow small metadata without enabling widespread data bloat—has become a focal point for those who see it as essential to maintaining lower running costs and broader participation in network validation. ProductionReady’s approach reflects a cautionary stance: if a protocol change risks making running a node expensive or technically daunting, it should be scrutinized carefully and backed by broad support.

Market observers note that data limits are more than technical details; they influence who can participate in securing the network. In a Bitcoin ecosystem where the number of full nodes acts as a gauge of decentralization, conservative limits can help keep the barrier to entry approachable for independent operators, hobbyists, and smaller operators alike.

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Core v30 and the rise of Bitcoin Knots

The past year has seen a dramatic shift in how many participants run non‑core node software. In October 2025, Bitcoin Core version 30 rolled out with a controversial change: the OP_RETURN limit was removed from its 83-byte constraint, allowing much larger data payloads—up to 100,000 bytes. The move sparked a robust pushback from portions of the community, with the GitHub pull request for the change drawing roughly four times as many downvotes as upvotes, according to the PR page.

The outcome of Core 30’s rollout appears to have reshaped the node landscape. Bitcoin Knots—an alternative node implementation—surged in usage, with its share rising to multi-thousand nodes. Current figures show about 4,746 Knots nodes, accounting for roughly 21.7% of the Bitcoin network, while Bitcoin Core remains the dominant implementation at about 77.8% share. Coin Dance data firms the Knots share at around 21.7–21.8%, illustrating a material shift in the distribution of node software choices.

Prior to this shift, Knots represented a much smaller slice of the network—roughly 1% in 2024. The post‑Core 30 period has thus been pivotal in broadening the mix of node implementations, with implications for decentralization, governance, and resilience. These dynamics matter not just for operators choosing software, but for the broader community tracking how changes to consensus and validation are tested across diverse implementations.

As the ecosystem absorbs Core 30’s changes, observers are watching whether the increase in Knots adoption translates into deeper decentralization or if other forces—such as infrastructure costs, governance dynamics, or future protocol tweaks—reassert influence over which node implementations proliferate.

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For readers and builders, the Bitcoin node conversation remains a practical reminder: the choice of node software affects who can participate in verification, what data can be stored on-chain, and how resilient the network remains against attempted centralization or manipulation. The balance between protocol evolution and accessible participation will likely determine the network’s long-term robustness.

Going forward, market watchers and network participants alike will want to monitor how proposals around OP_RETURN data handling evolve, how wallet and exchange operators respond to changes in node diversity, and whether any further steps are taken to harmonize performance, security, and cost across different node implementations.

What remains uncertain is how much of the ongoing decentralization push will hinge on formal governance signals from the broader Bitcoin community versus the practical realities of how many operators can realistically afford to run full nodes as data and bandwidth demands shift. In the near term, the trend toward greater node diversity appears to be accelerating, signaling a broader rebalancing of the network’s architecture as stakeholders weigh the trade-offs between scalability, data inclusivity, and fortifying the network’s distributed backbone.

The next phase will likely reveal whether more pragmatic limits, incremental improvements, or broader consensus on non-monetary data usage will prevail—an outcome that will shape who can verify transactions and how resilient the system remains to potential centralization pressures.

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Crypto policy stakes rise as Anthropic launches PAC amid AI policy rift

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Anthropic, the AI safety-focused lab behind several widely used language models, has moved to formalize its political engagement by launching an employee-funded political action committee named AnthroPAC. A filing with the Federal Election Commission shows the organization as a connected entity to Anthropic, organized as a separate segregated fund and aimed at receiving voluntary contributions from employees. The filing outlines the PAC’s intent to participate in federal elections while remaining aligned with the company’s stated interest in AI policy and safety considerations.

Under U.S. campaign finance rules, individual contributions to a federal candidate are capped at $5,000 per election, with disclosures required through public filings. AnthroPAC’s organizers say the fund is designed to support candidates from both major parties. However, observers and industry watchers are already raising questions about how closely the effort will stay within bipartisan lines, given broader debates over AI regulation, safety standards, and the strategic direction of AI policy in Washington.

The AnthroPAC move lands as Anthropic navigates a fraught relationship with the U.S. government over how its technology should be employed. Separately, the Defense Department in February designated Anthropic as a supply chain risk—an action tied to the company’s stance against the use of its AI in fully autonomous weapons and mass surveillance. Anthropic has challenged that designation in court, contending it constitutes retaliation for a protected position. A federal judge in California has temporarily blocked the measure and paused further restrictions while the dispute unfolds.

Beyond governance and defense concerns, Anthropic has already been active politically this cycle. Notably, the company contributed $20 million to Public First Action, a political committee focused on AI safety and related policy advocacy, underscoring the firm’s broader strategy to influence AI-related regulation and public safety standards.

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Meanwhile, Anthropic’s broader ecosystem is drawing capital and infrastructure support that could accelerate its technology roadmap. In a related development, Google is preparing to back a multibillion-dollar data-center project in Texas that would be leased to Anthropic via Nexus Data Centers. The project’s initial phase could exceed $5 billion, with Google expected to provide construction loans and be joined by banks arranging additional financing. The arrangement highlights the growing demand for AI infrastructure capable of supporting expansion in model training, inference, and data storage.

Key takeaways

  • Anthropic formed AnthroPAC, an employee-funded political action committee registered as a separate segregated fund under the company’s umbrella.
  • The PAC is intended to support candidates from both parties, with strict contribution limits and mandatory disclosures under U.S. election law.
  • The move occurs amid fraught relations with the Pentagon over AI use, including a safety-focused designation that Anthropic is challenging in court.
  • Anthropic has a track record of political giving in this cycle, including a $20 million contribution to Public First Action focused on AI safety.
  • Google’s backing of a Texas data-center project for Anthropic signals strong infrastructure demand and potential financing mechanisms that could accelerate AI deployment.

Anthropic’s political engagement and the policy context

The formation of AnthroPAC marks a notable step in how AI firms engage with lawmakers and regulators. By coordinating staff contributions through a dedicated PAC, Anthropic signals a structured approach to influencing elections and policy debates that shape the development and governance of artificial intelligence. The FEC filing describes AnthroPAC as a “connected organization” operating under a separate segregated fund, aligning with typical industry practices for corporate-employee political activity. While the stated aim is bipartisanship, the broader AI policy environment in the United States has become highly polarized, with differing views on liability, safety mandates, data privacy, and government access to AI systems.

Investors and builders watching the space can interpret this as part of a broader trend: major AI developers increasingly engage directly in policy conversations, seeking to frame the regulatory environment in ways that balance innovation with oversight. The implications extend beyond ethics and governance; policy direction can materially affect the regulatory runway for product development, procurement, and collaboration with public sector actors. The presence of a formal PAC also raises questions about how corporate political contributions could influence which AI-safety and governance proposals gain traction on Capitol Hill and in regulatory agencies.

Defense frictions and legal maneuvering

The tension between Anthropic and the Department of Defense centers on how the company’s models should be deployed in sensitive contexts. The Pentagon’s decision to label Anthropic as a supply chain risk stemmed from the company’s public stance against fully autonomous weapons and broad surveillance use. Anthropic has challenged that designation in court, arguing that it amounts to retaliation for a viewpoint it regards as legitimate and protected. A federal judge in California issued a temporary ruling to pause the measure and related restrictions while the case proceeds, illustrating the jurisdictional balance between corporate risk assessments and national-security considerations in AI technology usage.

For policymakers, the case underscores a core policy question: where should the line be drawn between compelling safety and preserving innovation? If courts narrow how procurement risk designations can be wielded, it could affect how similar technology providers are treated as the government expands its AI procurement and testing programs. Conversely, if the government can justify risk designations on safety grounds, it could strengthen leverage for tighter controls on how AI systems are used in defense contexts.

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Political giving and AI-safety advocacy

Anthropic’s political activity isn’t limited to its new PAC. Earlier in the cycle, the company contributed a sizable $20 million to Public First Action, a political arm focused on AI safety and public-interest considerations tied to the development and governance of AI technologies. This level of funding signals a broader strategy to influence public discourse and regulatory design around AI, complementing the PAC’s electoral role with policy advocacy and education efforts. Observers are watching how such funding patterns translate into concrete policy outcomes, particularly in an environment where legislators are weighing landmark AI bills and safety standards that could shape model development, data usage, and transparency requirements.

Infrastructure bets amid AI acceleration

Infrastructure matters are increasingly central to AI strategy, and Google’s involvement in a Texas data-center project for Anthropic is a vivid illustration. The Nexus Data Centers-leased facility, if realized as outlined, could become a cornerstone asset to support large-scale model training and deployment. The project’s initial phase exceeding $5 billion underscores the capital intensity of modern AI initiatives and the financial orchestration that underpins them. Google’s expected role in providing construction loans, alongside competitive financing arrangements from banks, points to the consolidation of AI infrastructure finance as a distinct sub-market within the tech sector. For Anthropic and similar firms, such backing could shorten timelines to deploy more capable models and scale services that demand robust, energy-efficient, and highly reliable data-center capacity.

As policy debates progress, industry participants and investors should monitor both political and practical developments: how much traction new AI safety proposals gain in Congress, how procurement rules evolve in defense programs, and how infrastructure financing evolves to accommodate the next wave of AI workloads. Each of these strands will influence not only which AI products reach market first, but also how quickly the industry can translate research advances into real-world use cases across enterprise, healthcare, and public services.

Readers should stay attentive to any updates on Anthropic’s PAC activity and the Pentagon case outcomes, as both arenas will shape the company’s public-facing strategy and its broader partnerships. The balance between safety-driven governance and aggressive innovation remains a live tension set to define the next phase of AI adoption and investment.

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Crypto Token Glut Is Diluting Value And Breaking Investor Returns

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Crypto Token Glut Is Diluting Value And Breaking Investor Returns

The rapid growth in the number of crypto tokens is outpacing the value they generate, creating an “existential” problem for the industry, according to Michael Ippolito, co-founder of Blockworks.

In a series of posts on X, Ippolito noted that while total crypto market capitalization remains relatively strong, the average value per token tells a different story. “The average coin is only slightly higher than where it was in 2020 (!) and down ~50% since 2021,” he wrote.

Median token returns have also deteriorated sharply. Most tokens are down roughly 80% from their highs, suggesting that gains have been concentrated in a narrow set of large-cap assets, while the broader market underperforms, Ippolito claimed.

Media token returns drop. Source: Michael Ippolito

He argued that the imbalance appears to be driven by a rapid expansion in token supply. “We created a TON of new assets and STILL total market cap is flat,” he wrote, adding that this dynamic effectively dilutes value across a growing pool of tokens.

Related: Bitcoin ‘done’ with 85% crashes, says Cathie Wood amid new $34K target

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Token prices break from fundamentals

Ippolito also claimed that the relationship between fundamentals and price has weakened. In 2021, token prices closely tracked onchain revenue. Recent data shows that despite a resurgence in protocol revenues, prices have not followed, pointing to a disconnect between usage and investor returns.

He argued that this signals a loss of confidence in tokens as vehicles for capturing value. “The token problem is existential for this industry,” he said, adding that without stronger alignment between fundamentals and price, the sector risks losing its core appeal.

Fundamentals vs price. Source: Michael Ippolito

In a post on X, Arthur Cheong, founder and CEO of DeFiance Capital, said he agrees “with the urgency to fix the current situation of tokens in the crypto industry,” warning that if the market continues to concentrate around a small set of assets like Bitcoin and Ether, the broader crypto ecosystem risks losing relevance.

Related: Bitcoin shorts risk $2.5 billion liquidation at $72K: Are bears in danger?

Capital shifts from tokens to stocks

Investor demand is increasingly moving away from newly launched tokens toward publicly listed crypto firms, as most token launches fail to hold value, a February research from DWF Labs found. The report revealed that over 80% of projects trade below their token generation event (TGE) price, with typical losses of 50% to 70% within about three months.

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The pattern appears structural rather than cyclical. According to DWF’s Andrei Grachev, most tokens peak within the first month before declining under sustained selling pressure. Factors such as airdrops and early investor unlocks add to the supply overhang, reinforcing downward price trends even for projects with active products or protocols.

Magazine: Bitcoin may take 7 years to upgrade to post-quantum — BIP-360 co-author