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Bolton: Former supply teacher charged with sex offences

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Bolton: Former supply teacher charged with sex offences

Abusali Rahman, born 29/08/1989, a British national of Bangladeshi ethnicity from Salford, is remanded in custody after being charged with the following offences: 

  • 12 counts of taking an indecent photograph/pseudo-photograph of a child (images obtained by upskirting)
  • 3 counts of publishing an obscene article (AI-generated sexualised images)
  • 3 counts of making indecent photographs/pseudo-photographs of a child (making AI-generated images)
  • 1 count of distributing an indecent photograph/pseudo-photograph of a child (sharing an upskirting image with another user)
  • 1 count of attempting to meet a girl under 16 following sexual grooming (via online chat)
  • 1 count of operating equipment beneath the clothing of another without consent (the act of upskirting)

Thirteen girls have been identified, who were aged between 13 and 16 at the time of the alleged offending, at seven high schools in Bury, Bolton and Salford.

Greater Manchester Police (GMP) say four girls from two high schools have not yet been identified, and officers are continuing to work directly with those schools. 

The offences are alleged to have taken place between December 2023 and June 2025, and the upskirting charges relate to alleged offending in schools. 

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All affected schools and the parents of the 13 identified girls have been informed.

GMP say all necessary safeguarding personnel have been made aware of the investigation, and of the specialist support that they and their partners are offering them throughout this case.

Officers say that if you, as a parent, have not been personally informed, your child has not been identified as a potential victim in this case.

If GMP receive further information relevant to the investigation, then they will sensitively and directly approach impacted schools, like they have done so far, to ensure that parents are informed.

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GMP have been in contact with all schools that Mr Rahman has worked at as part of their enquiries.

He has not worked in schools since he was arrested in June 2025 after a concern was raised by a parent about an image of their child in a school uniform being circulated by a social media account.

The discovery of further images prompted an upskirting investigation by the force’s Online Child Abuse Investigation Team (OCAIT).

GMP say a significant amount of specialist and sensitive work has since gone into trying to identify girls on those images. 

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Mr Rahman was charged and appeared at Wigan Magistrates’ Court in April 2026.

He has since been remanded in custody and will appear at Bolton Crown Court on Thursday, May 28. 

By law, alleged victims of sexual offences have a lifelong right to anonymity.

The force asks that people respect their privacy and protect the integrity of the case by not speculating or commenting on this case in-person or online.

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Detective Chief Superintendent Rebecca McKendrick, head of GMP’s Public Protection Division, said: “I must start by stressing that the parents of the girls identified, and their schools, are being kept informed and supported throughout this process. If you were not aware of this case prior to today, then your child has not been identified as an alleged victim.

“We have been in contact with all schools we know Mr Rahman worked at in the North West since he became a qualified teacher in July 2023.

“No further alleged criminal offences have been identified at this time. The police, schools, the local authorities, safeguarding leads and specialist support services are working closely together throughout this investigation.

“I understand the concern and upset that will come with this news. It is so important that everyone refrains from speculation, as this is an active case where the girls affected have a right to lifelong anonymity, and the defendant has a right to a fair trial.

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“The last thing that is needed now is speculation around this case – if you know something, please report it directly to us.”

Anyone who wants to report an offence or has any information on this investigation should contact operation.messina@gmp.police.uk or call 101 quoting Operation Pomerie.

You can also pass details anonymously to Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111.

Support available

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If you or someone you know has been raped or sexually assaulted, we encourage you not to suffer in silence and report it to the police or a support agency so you can get the help and support available.

Saint Mary’s Sexual Assault Referral Centre, Manchester, provides a comprehensive and coordinated response to men, women and children who live or have been sexually assaulted within Greater Manchester. They offer forensic medical examinations, practical and emotional support, as well as a counselling service for all ages. Services are available on a 24-hour basis and can be accessed by calling 0161 276 6515.

Greater Manchester Rape Crisis is a confidential information, support and counselling service run by women for women over 18 who have been raped or sexually abused at any time in their lives. Call on 0161 273 4500 or email help@manchesterrapecrisis.co.uk

We Are Survivors provides specialist trauma-informed support to male victims in Greater Manchester who have experienced sexual abuse, rape, or sexual exploitation. Call 0161 236 2182.

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As the PS4 dies its second death what is the true legacy of Sony’s best console?

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As the PS4 dies its second death what is the true legacy of Sony’s best console?
All good things must come to an end (Sony)

Major publishers are giving up support of the PlayStation 4, but what is it that made the console such a success and how much of it was due to luck rather than judgement.

They say every person dies two deaths, the first when they physically expire and the second the last time anyone says their name. Something very similar is true of video game consoles. The PlayStation 4 was discontinued in March 2024, but its second death will be when the last game is released for the system. Since that will inevitably be some unnoticed indie game or shovelware title, the more public end comes when triple-A publishers stop making games for it, and that time is upon us now.

This week saw Activision announce that Call Of Duty 2026 will not be released on PlayStation 4. If EA Sports FC 27 also skips the last gen format, then that’s where you can draw a line under Sony’s fourth home console.

In trying to talk about the PlayStation 4 legacy, the overwhelming urge is to discuss it in reference to the failings of the PlayStation 5. That’s flattery of a sort, because the implication is that the PlayStation 4 got everything right and Sony was wrong to deviate from its lessons. But it does tend to ignore what a state Sony got itself into with the PlayStation 3 and how afterwards they did the one thing almost no video game company ever does… it learnt from its mistakes.

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Although the PlayStation 3 did outsell the Xbox 360 worldwide, it was only by a narrow margin, that wouldn’t have been afforded to it if Microsoft hadn’t fumbled the ball in the Xbox 360’s final years, obsessing over Kinect and mismanaging its first party studios. In all other respects the PlayStation 3 was an embarrassing failure, a clear result of Sony becoming overconfident following the unprecedented success of the PlayStation 1 and 2.

The PlayStation 3 was overdesigned, overpriced, and suffered from a dearth of desirable exclusives – and this was in an era when there was no question over the importance of killer apps and first party games. Of course, there were some good games, but the hardware was difficult to develop for, with most third party titles running poorly and the Xbox 360 having a considerably better online service.

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But the PlayStation 4 fixed all that. It’s online services immediately brought it up to par with Xbox and Sony’s relationship with other publishers was successfully renewed, so that it immediately became the lead format for almost every last gen game. Microsoft gifted them the failure of the Xbox One reveal, but Sony took full advantage of their rival’s mistakes.

It’s easy to forget now, but Sony’s reputation for first party games was unexceptional prior to the PlayStation 4. Naughty Dog started to come into their own on the PlayStation 3, but the majority of Sony’s homemade exclusives were mediocre shooters like Killzone 2 and Resistance: Fall Of Man or similarly unremarkable, and quickly abandoned, franchises like InFamous and MotorStorm.

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Few of the games were actively bad but the difference when compared to the PlayStation 4’s stable of exclusives is night and day. God Of War, The Last Of Us Part 2, Marvel’s Spider-Man, Ghost Of Tsushima, Horizon Zero Dawn, and The Last Guardian are amongst the most critically acclaimed titles of the modern era, let alone just the last generation. Even the standard of paid-for exclusives, like Bloodborne, Nioh, and Death Stranding were better than anything before or since.

There will be people who both love and hate all these games, in various combinations, but there are two main reasons why the PlayStation 4 was such a success, one of which was due to Sony’s hard work and one of which was little more than happenstance.

God Of War screenshot of Kratos and his son
God Of War – a modern classic (Sony Interactive Entertainment)

Sony deserve full credit for carefully studying the failures of the PlayStation 3 and making sure none of them happened again. Especially as, given their general attitude at the time, you would’ve bet on them doubling down on everything and pretending there wasn’t a problem. But they didn’t.

The other factor working in the PlayStation 4’s favour is that it reached the perfect point of convergence between the power of a console and the economics of making games that take full advantage of it. Every generation, the number of people needed to make a triple-A game greatly increases and that clearly can’t go on forever. Likewise, games taking more than five years to make, or requiring a budget of over $300 million, is not sustainable – but that was not the norm in the PlayStation 4 era.

Sony didn’t do anything to create that balance but they were able to take advantage of that unique moment in time, when video games could be both cutting edge and creatively innovative, and all without the necessity of being a sequel or licensed product.

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Unfortunately, like the PlayStation 4 itself, that time is over. Games are too expensive and time-consuming to make in the same way or at the same cadence. Sony is doing nothing to address the problem – their answer seems to be just to shrug their shoulders and release less games overall – and neither is anyone else, with even Nintendo struggling to keep up a steady release schedule.

Even if the PlayStation 6 is released next year it’s likely that cross-gen PlayStation 5 games will continue to be released for many years to come, with an even bigger overlap than the PlayStation 4. So there may be no way to compare it, or any other consoles, with previous generations.

Whatever happens in the future though it’s hard not to see the PlayStation 4 as the pinnacle of PlayStation gaming. A console that got everything right and did so at the perfect time to take advantage of conditions in the games industry that are now seemingly impossible to replicate.

Maybe EA Sport FC 27 will still be released on PlayStation 4 – it is usually the last franchise to abandon an outgoing generation – but with Call Of Duty out of the picture the console’s story already seems complete and it’s hard to imagine Sony ever bettering it.

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Call Of Duty: Ghosts screenshot of a soldier
Call Of Duty: Ghosts was the first entry on PS4 (Activision)

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Victoria House, Stockton care home rated ‘good’ by CQC

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Victoria House, Stockton care home rated 'good' by CQC

Victoria House Care Home, in Stockton, received praise from the CQC for its commitment to delivering care that is safe, effective, caring, responsive, and well-led.

Amanda Gell, registered manager at Victoria House, said: “I am so very proud of the team.

Colleagues at Victoria House Care Home celebrating ‘Good’ CQC inspection report (Image: Supplied)

“Care is not an easy job, it is a vocation, and the staff at Victoria House truly exude care and compassion.”

The team at Victoria House would like to thank residents and their families for their continued support, which has been instrumental in achieving this positive outcome.

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The care home said it remains focused on continuous improvement, and works closely with residents and relatives to ensure care remains at the highest possible standard.

Victoria House Care Home celebrating ‘Good’ CQC inspection report (Image: Supplied)

The CQC inspection assessed the home under its five key categories of assessment and found it to be ‘Good’ in every area.

A spokesperson for Victoria House Care Home said: “Victoria House extends a heartfelt thank you to all colleagues for their professionalism, kindness and dedication in achieving this important milestone.”

For more information on Victoria House Care Home, please visit its website.

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Victoria House Care Home celebrating ‘Good’ CQC inspection report (Image: Supplied)

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SNP ‘within touching distance’ of Holyrood majority, John Swinney says

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SNP ‘within touching distance’ of Holyrood majority, John Swinney says

His appeal came as he stressed an overall majority for the SNP – which it has only ever achieved once before in four previous Holyrood victories – would help deliver action on the cost of living, with plans already announced for a cap on the cost of some essential foods, as well as an extended £2 cap on bus fares and more help with childcare.

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Campaigners call for ban on use of herbicide glyphosate at harvest

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Campaigners call for ban on use of herbicide glyphosate at harvest

The consultation will allow farmers, industry, and farming organisations to comment on the extensive scientific dossier submitted by the Glyphosate Renewal Group (GRG), a coalition including Bayer, Syngenta, Nufarm and five other companies seeking renewal of the active ingredient.

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MG ups its game as sleek IM6 takes on heavyweight rivals

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MG ups its game as sleek IM6 takes on heavyweight rivals

Priced from around £48,000 in the UK, it is MG’s most expensive model to date, but it arrives with an extensive list of standard kit even in its entry level Long Range form, tested here.

Visually, the IM6 presents a clean, contemporary shape with smooth surfacing, a distinctive front end, an angular back end, and proportions that place it firmly in the mid‑size class.

Inside, the cabin is spacious, with generous room in the back and materials that feel significantly more upscale than those in MG’s previous models.

Passengers benefit from a very comfortable and quiet ride, with the IM6 being a refined and relaxing long‑distance cruiser.

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The MG IM6 (Image: Newsquest)

It’s clear that comfort, space and refinement are among the car’s strongest qualities.

However, MG’s aggressively minimalist approach inside has led to one of the car’s most divisive features: its heavy reliance on touchscreen‑based controls. Everyday functions such as climate control, mirrors and even driving modes are buried within digital menus. The screen‑based controls can prove fiddly, initially demanding a lot of attention and making simple adjustments less intuitive than they should be.

While the clean, button‑free environment may appeal aesthetically, the usability compromises are clear.

Acceleration is an area where the IM6 makes a strong impression. The entry‑level Long Range version uses a single electric motor driving the rear wheels and produces 402bhp, giving it swift acceleration for a family SUV, with a 0-62mph time of 5.4 seconds. Its official range of 388 miles is equally noteworthy.

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The MG IM6 (Image: Newsquest)

This combination of punchy performance and impressively long range makes the Long Range variant feel especially well‑balanced for real‑world buyers who want strong pace without compromising distance between charges.

For those seeking even more power, the twin‑motor Performance model dramatically raises the stakes, delivering an extraordinary 752hp and a supercar‑like 0-62mph time of 3.5 seconds, although this comes with a reduced official range.

Both variants benefit from a 100kWh battery supported by an 800V electrical architecture, allowing ultra‑rapid DC charging at up to 396kW and enabling a 10-80 per cent top‑up in just 17 minutes.

This exceptional charging speed places the IM6 among the fastest‑charging EVs in its class, giving it a significant long‑distance advantage over many premium rivals.

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On the road, the IM6 blends strong straight‑line performance with a comfort‑centric driving character. The ride is comfortable and well‑suited to motorway cruising, with the quiet cabin further reinforcing its relaxed nature.

However, the dynamic picture is less pleasing, with the IM6 not being as much fun to drive as a Tesla Model Y, which feels more agile in corners.

The IM6’s steering lacks the intuitive feedback needed to make it engaging on twistier roads. A firmer brake pedal would also be welcome, helping deliver more precision under harder braking.

The MG IM6 (Image: Newsquest)

These points don’t detract from the IM6’s focus on comfort, but they make clear that despite its power figures, it isn’t positioned as a purely driver‑focused SUV.

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Practicality remains a strong point of the IM6, with up to 665 litres of rear boot space and an additional front compartment providing plenty of room for everyday tasks, family use or business travel. The rear seats offer ample legroom and excellent comfort, making the car well‑suited to long trips. Cabin storage could be more imaginative, and rear visibility is merely average, but overall the IM6 delivers a highly usable interior that competes well with more established premium models.

The Lowdown

MG IM6 100kWh Long Range

MOTOR LAYOUT: Single electric motor, rear‑wheel drive

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POWER: 402bhp (300kW)

0–62MPH: 5.4 seconds

TOP SPEED: 148mph (shared across IM6 range)

BATTERY CAPACITY: 100kWh (NMC chemistry)

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OFFICIAL RANGE: 388 miles (WLTP) Maximum DC fast‑charge speed: 396kW

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Binman settles debate on which bin to use for crisp packets and chocolate wrappers

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Wales Online

We’ve still not cracked it.

A refuse collector has provided the definitive advice on which bin should be used for disposing of empty crisp packets and chocolate wrappers. The UK consumes more than eight billion packets of crisps annually, according to Statista, which also forecasts we’ll be eating more than 11 billion a year by 2030. That equates to more than 30 million packets daily.

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The UK also ranks among the top five chocolate-consuming countries globally, meaning we’re also working through an enormous number of chocolate wrappers. However, while the recycling of food packaging in the UK has progressed considerably in recent years, there remains no simple method to recycle crisp and chocolate wrappers.

Modern crisp and chocolate packets and wrappers frequently contain multiple layers and are typically manufactured from polypropylene or polyethylene with an aluminium coating. You may hear this more commonly referred to as “soft plastics”. And the capacity to recycle this type of material on a large scale remains limited, despite most local councils now providing hard plastic collection for recycling. Environmental charity WRAP states: “There is still change that needs to take place for widespread roll-out of recycling collections at kerbside for plastic bags and wrappings.”

And Britain’s most famous refuse collector, who goes by The No1 Binman on TikTok where he shares guidance with more than 170,000 followers, has now clarified what to do with crisp and chocolate packets. “They do not go in any of your recycling bins,” says The No1 Binman, whose real name is Ashley. “A crisp packet, yes it can be recycled but you need to take it [to a supermarket]. Most supermarkets take them. And I know that means going to the supermarket with empty crisp packets to put them in their bins but if you’re asking the question of where they get recycled – that is where.

“Otherwise, you can put them in your general waste bin and they will get collected there. But if you’re looking to recycle crisp packets, then it goes in the bins in the supermarket. It’s the same for chocolate wrappers, because it’s such a thin plastic and made from different materials.”, reports the Mirror.

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In 2023, the BBC highlighted how crisp packets originating from the 1960s were discovered washed ashore on a Norfolk beach, serving as a stark reminder of just how long plastics can endure. Among the finds were pre-decimalisation packets of Golden Wonder crisps, bearing a price of 5d, alongside 2d Spangles sweets.

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Westhoughton High School celebrates different cultures

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Westhoughton High School celebrates different cultures

Westhoughton High School host a Culture Day every year, to celebrate diversity and inclusion in a world which will soon by their oyster.

Outfits representing Pakistan, Nigeria, Poland and many more countries were worn on the special day.

Pupils gathered in a creative frame. (Image: Westhoughton High School)

Zulaika Yunus, from the student council, said: “It’s really important, because for a lot of minorities in different areas, they grow up and start thinking that they need to be better.

“They either need to be whiter; they need to be darker. It depends on each of them.

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“Seeing that everything is represented for them, it makes everything diversity just a key part.”

At lunchtime, students visited a range of craft stalls, which included Great British tea‑making, Chinese lanterns, babushka dolls, and henna art.

There was also space for students to share and celebrate the languages they speak.

Lots of fun on the day. (Image: Westhoughton High School)

Lucas Archibald, from the student council, said: “If you’re not growing up in a place where your culture is like the main thing, you can sometimes forget about it.

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“Talking about culture and including other people’s cultures in daily life, it’s really important to promote diversity and include everyone else.”

All activities had been chosen to reflect the largest cultural communities within the school.

The day encouraged pride, belonging, and unity, helping students feel confident to express who they are and where they come from, as one inclusive community.

Cultures from around the world. (Image: Westhoughton High School)

Sophie Uwadoka, also from the student council, said: “We’ve seen so many people that we didn’t even think they had a culture.

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“We’ve got Scottish people, we’ve got people from Europe, we’ve got people from all over the world.

“So, I feel it’s important to get to know our student body and to know where they’re from, because then it makes us grow as a community and makes us feel closer.”

 

 

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the strong emotions and memories around these meals reflect their social, economical and cultural importance

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the strong emotions and memories around these meals reflect their social, economical and cultural importance

The UK government has launched its first review of school food standards in over a decade, alongside plans to extend free school meals to an additional 500,000 children in families receiving universal credit.

Much of the coverage has focused on specific menu changes, including the possible removal of sugary desserts such as steamed sponge. The focus on such changes might be reflective of how school food has never been only about nutrition for those who have experienced it. It is also about welfare, discipline, pleasure, stigma and care.

The School Meals Service: Past, Present – and Future? is a project I worked on that brings together archival research, oral histories and ethnographic work in schools across the UK. We were also the principal academic partner for the Food Museum’s ongoing School Dinners exhibition near Ipswich, which explores the changing history of school meals through objects, menus, memories and tastes – from semolina and sponge pudding to Turkey Twizzlers.

Since school meals were first introduced in legislation in 1906, they have changed repeatedly. Early provision was patchy and often associated with charity. After the 1944 Education Act, school meals became part of the postwar welfare settlement, intended to provide children with a nutritious meal during the school day.

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For decades, the classic image of the school dinner was “meat and two veg”, followed by puddings such as sponge, semolina, rice pudding, jam roly-poly or custard.

From the 1980s, the provision of school meals became more fragmented. Nutritional standards were removed, local authorities had more freedom, and commercial catering reshaped menus. Later debates around Turkey Twizzlers and processed food, driven by people like celebrity chef Jamie Oliver, were part of this longer story. Today’s government review of school food standards is another chapter in that history.

What children remember

When people recall school dinners, they rarely talk about calories or guidelines. They remember texture, smell and noise.

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Joanne, who attended school in Surrey and East Yorkshire from the late 1960s to 1980, described being served vegetables she could not eat: “Mush. Cold … you can’t have that unless you eat your beans … it put me off for life.”

The dining hall mattered as much as the food. Ella, who went to school in Rotherham from 1996 to 2010, remembered the anxiety of a space where “someone would puke and I would freak out … I can’t be in here”. Lauren, who attended schools in Northumbria and Merseyside from 1998 to 2012, recalled mashed potato that “you could pick up with a fork and it would just stick”.

Where you ate school dinners is just as memorable as what you ate.
Janine Weidel/Alamy

Stigma, inequality and school food

School meals could also expose inequality. Free school meals have long been a vital safety net, but they have also carried stigma.

Joyce, who went to school in Glasgow in the 1960s, remembered the teacher calling children forward with the phrase “come out the frees”. She described it as “the walk of shame”.

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Naomi, who attended school in Birmingham in the 1980s, showed how this could intersect with racism. Her mother paid for school meals despite financial strain because she worried Naomi might be singled out: “there weren’t many Black kids in my school”.

Yet school dinners were also remembered with affection. For many people, puddings such as sponge and custard were the best part of the day. For others they evoke control, compulsion or, like for Joyce and Naomi, embarrassment. That is why the removal of steamed sponge resonates. It is not just dessert. It is part of a shared national memory.

Beyond the menu

The Food Museum exhibition captures this complexity. Visitors encounter the familiar foods, but also the people behind them: pupils, parents, cooks, dinner staff, teachers and policymakers.

The exhibition, which has been shortlisted for a 2026 Museums and Heritage Award, draws directly on our research into how school meals changed over time and why those changes mattered socially, economically and culturally.

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Today’s reforms emphasise healthier ingredients, more fruit and vegetables, fewer fried foods and less sugar. These aims matter. History and our research suggests what is served matters. So do the dining hall, the queue, the noise, the payment system, the stigma, the pleasure and the memories children carry into adulthood.

School dinners are one of the most widely shared experiences of British childhood. As they continue to evolve it is worth considering not just what is on the plate, but how it feels to eat it.

The School Dinners Exhibition is on at the Food Museum in Suffolk until February 21 2027

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Probiotics: what are we swallowing?

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Probiotics: what are we swallowing?

Standing by the counter at the pharmacist waiting to pick up my prescription, I couldn’t help noticing the prominent display of probiotics on the counter. It was two years ago, and I was reading everything I could find on microbiomes and probiotics – whether in books, journals or in shops – in preparation for writing my book The Microbiome: What Everyone Needs to Know.

For days I had focused just on probiotics and here they were, temptingly in front of me, ready for me to buy. The packaging was so glossy and it’s claims so intriguing, I found myself picking up the box to see what they were saying.

“Supporting gut health.” “Friendly bacteria.”

I was about to get antibiotics for my tonsillitis. Should I get some probiotics? I’d heard they might help replace the “good” gut bacteria that antibiotics can wipe out.

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The pharmacist knew me by sight, partly because he had just looked down my throat and prescribed them for me and partly because I’m a local GP. He nodded encouragingly and pointed at the display. “These are very popular,” he said.

I turned the box over. The packaging did best when describing what it contained. Thirty capsules to be taken every day, each containing 5 billion live cultures. I compared it with the others on the shelf. Some contained 2 billion, some 10 billion. One contained 25 billion bacteria per capsule. It was a huge number and a huge dosage range. Were these dosages safe?

It wasn’t so clear on what live cultures were exactly, describing them variously as “trusted” or “friendly”. Higher-dose brands described themselves as “diverse” or “powerful”, sounding more like the boardroom of a Fortune 500 company than a dietary supplement.

When it came to what they did, things became vague. Apparently, probiotics are there to “complement your natural gut bacteria” or alternatively to “complement your everyday life”.

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It took a bit of time for the pharmacist to package up my medication and label it, so I carried on and read the small print. Each brand was very confident its ability to survive the stomach acid: they were also confident on the research. “Most researched live culture.” “Highly researched strains.” I had no difficulty in believing this, it was the lack of claims to efficacy that baffled me.

Finally, I found the actual ingredients. Each listed their various combinations of bacteria, some containing up to 15 different sorts, but always including several versions of lactobacilli and bifidobactera.

Lactobacillus acidophilus I knew as a bacteria needed to make yogurt. Bifidobacteria are also often used in the food industry. Both are typical residents of our guts, known to account for about 12% of our usual gut bacteria.

So why do probiotic products all seem to contain the same bacterial species? And why are their claims always so deliberately vague?

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Almost one in 20 adults are taking probiotics: typically those of us with higher educational levels, higher incomes and better diets. If we just knew a bit more about microbes, would we still want to take them?

Stomach acid – the great destroyer

It is normal to consume a lot of bacteria on our food. Even with freshly washed or cooked food, on a typical day we consume 1.3 billion bacteria a day either on or in our food.

As soon as our food hits the stomach, our high levels of stomach acid kill or injure almost all the bacteria we consume. Only a few ever reach the colon and those few probiotic bacteria that survive usually only ever stay a few days.

But to swallow a probiotic capsule containing 25 billion, is 20 times the number of bacteria our body is used to handling: a huge microbial load. Even “friendly” probiotic bacteria can cause a serious infection if they get in the wrong place, such as the blood stream. It’s true that most people can manage this huge microbial load fine because of our innate gut defence systems. But probiotics should be avoided by those with weak immune systems, who may be less able to keep these bacteria contained and are at higher risk of them spreading and causing infection.

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The reason that out of all the millions of bacteria available in the world, probiotic brands always home in on exactly the same microbes is because these are all bacteria that are known to be safe or used in the food industry since before 1958. If a microbe is officially designated “Generally Recognized As Safe”, then the producer need undertake no further research. And if the producer then sticks to general claims of efficacy – what’s known as a “qualified health claim”, they don’t even have to prove it works.

Generally Recognized as Safe explained.

But even with no efficacy claims at all, the probiotic industry still seems to get its message across – and, as I handled the box of probiotics, I still had a strong feeling that this product was good for me, would make me healthier and that I should buy it.

I held the box uncertainly. “Do you want these as well?” the pharmacist asked.
I checked the price: £17.99 for 30 probiotic capsules (low dose) for something I already had inside me from eating ordinary food. I decided to stick to the antibiotic prescription only, for £9.90.

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So, do probiotics work? I have learned to equivocate when asked this, because people who ask me – usually enthusiastically and with a smile – are invested in the concept of probiotics and have often already been taking them. To avoid upsetting people I now usually say: “Well, they probably haven’t done you any harm.” Apart from the cost.

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Universal Credit cap changes and household limits explained

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Cambridgeshire Live

The DWP has confirmed the household benefit cap is frozen again for 2026-27, with the maximum amount unchanged at up to £25,233 for eligible households in Greater London

The Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) has confirmed the maximum annual benefit payments available to UK households for the new tax year, which commenced in April.

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Each year, the DWP establishes the benefits cap in accordance with government policy set by HM Treasury. Unlike the state pension and other benefits such as Universal Credit or Pension Credit, it is not automatically uprated annually.

For the 2026-27 tax year, the benefits cap has once again been held at between £14,753 and £25,233, depending on individual circumstances and location.

The cap was last increased in 2024, was frozen in 2025, and will not be raised in 2026 either.

This week, the cap has come under increased scrutiny following Conservative leader Kemi Badenoch’s pledge to crack down on benefits cap exemptions, such as Personal Independence Payments (PIP), which are not counted towards the cap — nor is the state pension, reports the Express.

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Should the Tories return to power, they have stated they would only exempt households from the cap if all adults capable of working are in employment. Receiving benefits such as PIP would no longer serve as an automatic exemption, a move they claim would “stop those who abuse the system getting almost unlimited welfare payments”.

The cap is applied at varying rates for single people and couples, and differs between London and the rest of the country. Currently, the cap stands at £22,020 for couples and lone parents outside London, or £14,753 for single adults without children.

In Greater London, the cap is £25,233 for couples and single parents, and £16,967 for single adults.

While members of a household may qualify for various combinations of benefits, including Universal Credit, Housing Benefit and Child Benefit, the total amount received cannot surpass the Benefit Cap.

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This means those who reach the cap will have one of their benefits, most commonly Universal Credit, reduced to ensure the total remains within the limit.

Official figures published by the Department for Work and Pensions reveal that a total of 119,000 households have had their benefits capped up until August 2025.

According to newly released DWP data, UK households are losing an average of £249 per month (equating to £2,988 annually) as a result of the Benefits Cap.

The Benefits Cap represents the maximum total amount a single household can receive in benefits, once all claims made by household members are combined.

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Citizens Advice also outlines how the system operates, noting that certain exemptions allow households to exceed the cap.

It says: “The Benefit Cap is a limit to the total amount of money you can get from some benefits. If your Universal Credit payment is over a specific amount, the DWP might reduce it to bring it down to a certain level.

“The Benefit Cap will not apply if you’re working and earn at least £846 a month after tax. If you have a partner, your combined earnings need to be at least £846 a month.”

DWP benefits given Benefits Cap exemption

DWP guidance stipulates that state pensioners are exempt from the cap upon reaching state pension age. It further clarifies that the benefit cap does not apply to these benefits:

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You’re not affected by the cap if you or your partner:

  • Get Universal Credit because of a disability or health condition that stops you from working (this is called ‘limited capability for work and work-related activity’)
  • Get Universal Credit because you care for someone with a disability
  • Get Universal Credit and you and your partner earn £881 or more a month combined, after tax and National Insurance contributions

You’re also not affected by the cap if you, your partner or any children under 18 living with you gets:

  • Adult Disability Payment (ADP)
  • Armed Forces Compensation Scheme
  • Armed Forces Independence Payment
  • Attendance Allowance
  • Carer’s Allowance
  • Carer Support Payment
  • Child Disability Payment
  • Disability Living Allowance (DLA)
  • Employment and Support Allowance (if you get the support component)
  • Guardian’s Allowance
  • Industrial Injuries Benefits (and equivalent payments as part of a War Disablement Pension or the Armed Forces Compensation Scheme)
  • Pension Age Disability Payment
  • Personal Independence Payment (PIP)
  • Scottish Adult Disability Living Allowance (SADLA)
  • War pensions
  • War Widow’s or War Widower’s Pension

This final category is precisely what the Conservatives have indicated they would target for reductions.

Recently, the government abolished the two-child benefit cap from April. This had previously placed a limit on claiming additional Universal Credit payments for more than two children. As a result, families will now be entitled to claim further funds for each additional child under the ‘children’ element of Universal Credit.

However, in a somewhat confusing twist, this remains subject to the overall Benefits Cap, meaning households will not receive any additional funds if doing so would exceed the cap.

As explained by Money Helper: “The benefit cap is the maximum amount your household can get in benefits. This means that if you already get the maximum amount your payment will not increase.”

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