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In 1928, a German architect proposed draining the Mediterranean Sea to create a Eurafrican supercontinent Atlantropa. Here’s why

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In 1928, a German architect proposed draining the Mediterranean Sea to create a Eurafrican supercontinent Atlantropa. Here's why
Once upon a time a serious engineer looking at the map of Europe and Africa thought: what if the sea between them was just not there anymore? That was no science fiction.” It was a genuine engineering proposal, Atlantropa, drafted by a Munich architect called Herman Sörgel, and for nearly three decades it had governments, scientists and the public across Europe genuinely debating whether it could, and should, be built.

The Man Behind the 1928 Atlantropa Supercontinent Plan

Herman Sörgel was born in Regensburg, Bavaria, in 1885 and trained as an architect in Munich. He lived through the devastation of the First World War, watched Europe stagger through economic collapse and mass unemployment in the 1920s, and saw fascism gaining ground in his own country. Like many of his generation, he became convinced that Europe’s problems — poverty, joblessness, and the constant threat of another war — could only be solved by something radical.

Around 1927, after reading a geographer’s description of the Mediterranean as an “evaporation sea,” Sörgel had his big idea. Because the Mediterranean loses far more water to evaporation than it receives from rivers, its level is effectively propped up by a constant inflow from the Atlantic through the Strait of Gibraltar. Block that inflow, Sörgel reasoned, and the sea would start draining itself.
By the spring of 1928, he had turned this insight into a full-blown continental blueprint, which he first called Panropa before renaming it Atlantropa.

What Atlantropa Actually Proposed

The centrepiece of the plan was a massive dam across the Strait of Gibraltar, in some versions more than 20 kilometres long, that would cut the Mediterranean off from the Atlantic Ocean. Sörgel calculated that once sealed off, evaporation alone would lower the sea’s level by roughly a metre a year, eventually dropping it by 100 to 200 metres.


He didn’t stop at one dam. His plan included a second barrier between Sicily and Tunisia, splitting the Mediterranean into two separately controlled basins, and a third across the Dardanelles to hold back the Black Sea. Locks would be needed at the Suez Canal to cope with the enormous drop in water level.
The payoff, in Sörgel’s telling, would be staggering. Newly exposed seabed running into the hundreds of thousands of square kilometres would become farmland and living space. Italy would grow larger, Sicily would fuse with the mainland, and the Greek islands would merge into it too. The Gibraltar dam alone was projected to generate tens of thousands of megawatts of hydroelectric power — enough, by some estimates, to supply roughly half of Europe’s electricity needs at the time. A unified authority overseeing this shared energy grid, Sörgel argued, would bind European nations together so tightly that war between them would become economically unthinkable.His ultimate vision was even bigger than the dams themselves: a new merged landmass of Europe and Africa — “Atlantropa” — bound by shared infrastructure, shared energy, and, in his utopian framing, shared peace.

A “Crazy Idea” Taken Seriously

What makes Atlantropa remarkable isn’t just its scale, it’s that nobody laughed it off. Sörgel spent the rest of his life, until his death in 1952, promoting the project relentlessly through books, models, exhibitions and lectures. He founded an Atlantropa Institute to keep the idea alive. The project drew genuine interest from architects, engineers, and political figures through the late 1920s and early 1930s, and again after the Second World War, when it was even discussed in international forums looking for ways to rebuild a shattered Europe.

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It never got built, for reasons that are fairly obvious in hindsight. The engineering demands were far beyond what the technology of the era could deliver. The plan required unprecedented cooperation between rival Mediterranean and African nations who were never consulted about having their coastlines redrawn or their cities left stranded miles from a retreating sea. Nazi Germany showed little interest in a project built on international cooperation rather than territorial conquest. And by the 1950s, the world’s appetite for “limitless energy” had shifted decisively toward nuclear power, making Sörgel’s hydroelectric dream feel outdated even to his supporters.

Sörgel himself never saw the project abandoned. On 25 December 1952, he was cycling to a lecture in Munich when he was struck and killed by a car whose driver was never identified. He was 67. Atlantropa largely faded from public memory soon after.

Why It’s Being Talked About Again

There are a couple of reasons Atlantropa keeps coming up in modern conversation. Increasingly, historians see it as an early, though deeply flawed, blueprint for European unification, a continent scarred by war imagining itself bound by shared infrastructure decades before the concept became the European Union.

As for the environment , we now know that it would have been a disaster . Draining part of the Mediterranean would have caused a rise in sea levels elsewhere on the planet , disruption of ocean currents linked to the Gulf Stream , and destruction of coastal ecosystems . And the very audacity of the idea, one architect attempting to redraw two continents with a single dam, continues to attract people rediscovering it online, in documentaries, and even in the alternate-history novel and TV series The Man in the High Castle, which depicts a version of the plan.

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A century on, the Mediterranean is exactly where it has always been. But Atlantropa survives as one of history’s most extraordinary “what ifs” — a reminder of how far one person’s obsession can travel when it promises to solve the biggest problems of its time.

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HDFC Bank Q1 FY27 slides: deposit growth strong, margins under pressure

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HDFC Bank Q1 FY27 slides: deposit growth strong, margins under pressure


HDFC Bank Q1 FY27 slides: deposit growth strong, margins under pressure

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Samsung’s New Portable Freestyle+ AI Projector Launches in the US for $1,200 With Smart Setup Features

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Samsung's New Portable Freestyle+ AI Projector Launches in the US

Samsung has launched its Freestyle+ projector in the United States, a compact portable device priced at $1,199.99 that leans heavily on artificial intelligence to eliminate much of the setup hassle traditionally associated with portable projectors, including manually correcting distorted images on uneven walls or surfaces.

The Freestyle+ is now available directly through Samsung’s website and select retail partners, positioning it as a premium upgrade to the company’s existing second-generation Freestyle projector, which remains available for roughly $800 through Samsung and for $798 on Amazon. The roughly $400 price premium reflects the addition of a suite of new AI-driven features Samsung first demonstrated at CES 2026 earlier this year.

The centerpiece of the new model is a feature called 3D Auto Keystone, an upgraded version of the standard keystone correction found on many projectors. According to Samsung, the technology can instantly calculate depth and perspective, allowing the device to flatten and correct image distortion even when projecting onto irregular surfaces such as room corners, wrinkled curtains, angled walls or ceilings, without requiring users to manually adjust the projection through dials or menus. That capability extends the projector’s usefulness beyond a traditional flat wall or screen, enabling users to project onto surfaces such as tent walls while camping or outdoor spaces where a flat white backdrop isn’t available.

Working alongside 3D Auto Keystone is a companion feature Samsung calls Wall Calibration, which uses sensors to detect the color and pattern of whatever surface the projector is aimed at, then automatically adjusts the projected image’s color and brightness to compensate. Samsung says the feature is designed to ensure clear viewing even when projecting onto patterned wallpaper or colored walls, conditions that would otherwise significantly distort the accuracy of colors in the projected content. The company has also added two additional automated features, called Screen Fit and Obstacle Avoidance, which allow the projector to automatically resize its image to match a defined space on a wall and reposition the projection if it detects an object blocking part of the viewing area. An ultrasonic motor built into the device continuously maintains focus in real time as the projector is moved or as its distance from the viewing surface changes.

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On the hardware side, the Freestyle+ offers a Full HD 1080p resolution with brightness rated at up to 430 ISO lumens, nearly double the brightness of the second-generation Freestyle, a change Samsung has described as a direct response to feedback and reviews of its earlier portable projector models. The device supports PurColor and HDR10+ for improved color accuracy and contrast, and can project images up to 100 inches diagonally. Audio comes from a built-in 360-degree speaker system featuring dual passive woofers, and the projector supports Samsung’s Q-Symphony technology, allowing it to sync audio output with compatible Samsung soundbars and WiFi speakers for a more immersive sound experience.

The Freestyle+ also builds in a range of smart software features on top of its projection hardware. The device runs Samsung’s Smart Hub interface, giving users access to built-in streaming apps, cloud gaming through Samsung’s Gaming Hub, and content from Samsung TV Plus, the company’s free ad-supported streaming service. Content can also be projected directly from Galaxy smartphones and tablets, or from Apple devices via AirPlay, giving the device broad compatibility regardless of which smartphone ecosystem a user relies on. Samsung has additionally integrated a Vision AI Companion feature into the projector, allowing users to interact with both Google’s Gemini and Samsung’s own Bixby voice assistant directly through the device.

Portability remains a core focus of the Freestyle+’s design, continuing the emphasis on flexible, on-the-go use that has defined the broader Freestyle lineup since its debut. While the projector still requires a power connection during normal use, it supports external USB-C battery packs, along with Samsung’s own optional Battery Base accessory, making it usable in outdoor settings such as campsites or other locations without convenient access to a wall outlet.

Industry reviewers have offered a mixed but generally positive assessment of the new model, with much of the conversation centering on whether the added AI-driven setup features justify the substantial price increase over the standard second-generation Freestyle. One review from Gadget Review framed the Freestyle+’s value proposition around a single bet: that AI-powered surface intelligence can permanently eliminate the setup friction that has historically made portable projectors frustrating to use in imperfect spaces such as rental apartments or hotel rooms. The same review noted that despite the improved brightness and correction features, the Freestyle+ remains a 1080p device in a market where some competing portable projectors now offer 4K resolution, and cautioned that its 430-lumen brightness rating, while a significant improvement over its predecessor, still performs best in darker viewing environments and can wash out under strong ambient light.

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The Freestyle+ enters a competitive and increasingly crowded portable projector market. Rival manufacturer Xgimi has continued expanding its own Elfin projector lineup, including a new Elfin Flip Laser model priced at $799 that offers a substantially brighter 1,600 ISO lumens using a triple laser light source, a notably higher brightness figure than Samsung’s new flagship portable model despite its lower price point.

Samsung’s launch of the Freestyle+ comes as the company continues expanding its broader ecosystem of AI-integrated home entertainment products, following earlier debuts of the technology showcased at CES 2026. For consumers weighing whether the added convenience of automated surface correction and calibration justifies the roughly $400 premium over the standard Freestyle model, the calculation is likely to come down to how often they expect to project onto imperfect or constantly changing surfaces, such as rental walls, outdoor spaces or oddly shaped rooms, versus a single, consistent flat viewing area where the second-generation Freestyle’s simpler and less expensive feature set may prove entirely sufficient.

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‘Won’t Hold You Guys Up Much Longer’ as Decision Nears Five Suitors

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LeBron James Russell Westbrook Lakers

LeBron James signaled this week that his decision on where he will play for the 2026-27 NBA season is close at hand, telling reporters he does not intend to keep the league waiting much longer as free agency stretches into its third week.

“I won’t hold you guys up too much longer,” James said Thursday, offering the clearest public hint yet that a resolution to one of the most closely watched storylines of the NBA offseason could arrive within days. James informed the Los Angeles Lakers earlier this month that he intends to leave the franchise after eight seasons, ending his second stint with the team and setting off a wave of recruiting efforts from franchises across the league.

Five teams have emerged as the clear finalists in the pursuit: the Cleveland Cavaliers, Miami Heat, Golden State Warriors, Philadelphia 76ers and Minnesota Timberwolves. ESPN’s Shams Charania reported that the formal pitching process from all interested teams has now wrapped, with franchises submitting their proposals to James’s agent, Rich Paul, for the 41-year-old star to make his final call. “The voice notes have all been listened to, the rosters are set, the decks are all laid out,” Charania said. “We’ll see when he’s ready to make his decision.”

The pitching process itself has offered clues about how seriously different organizations are treating the pursuit. According to Charania, several teams had their owner, team president or general manager personally record voice memos for Paul to relay to James, rather than leaving the recruiting to coaches or players alone. The Philadelphia 76ers appeared to lean into that approach visibly, with Bob Myers, president of Harris Blitzer Sports & Entertainment, the ownership group behind the Sixers, appearing directly on Paul’s “Game Over” podcast, which he co-hosts with Max Kellerman.

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Not every recruiting pitch has gone smoothly. Indiana Pacers star Tyrese Haliburton revealed this week that he made his own attempt to lure James to Indiana before James had even informed the Lakers of his departure, only for the effort to fall flat almost immediately. According to ESPN’s Dave McMenamin, Haliburton said James responded to his recruiting pitch with nothing more than a laughing emoji, effectively ending any serious consideration of the Pacers as a landing spot.

James has continued to offer glimpses into his decision-making process through informal public interactions. Responding to a question from an 11-year-old fan about his free agency, James gave one of his longer public answers on the subject to date. “This is the third time in my career I’ve been a free agent,” James said. “It’s a big decision, not only for myself, but my family as well. This is the last part of my career and where I want to spend the last few years, or last year, or last two years of my NBA career.” He added that he intends to bring the full breadth of his experience to whichever franchise he ultimately joins, saying, “I’m a natural-born leader. I’m going to try to fit into whatever team I go to but also give them all the tools and knowledge I’ve been able to grasp over the last 23 years.”

Speculation surrounding the Warriors in particular has generated its share of unconfirmed signals in recent days. Golden State head coach Steve Kerr playfully told fans stopped at a red light, “We got him,” when asked about the team’s chances of signing James, a remark widely regarded as lighthearted rather than a genuine confirmation. Around the same time, a “Pardon the Interruption” podcast episode was briefly and mistakenly published under the title “Steph Curry Behind LeBron’s Stunning Decision?” before being pulled, fueling further speculation online even though neither Kerr nor the ESPN program is believed to have advance knowledge of James’s actual decision.

James’s unusually long free agency has been shaped in part by his changed financial leverage compared with previous offseasons. Unlike his prior free agency decisions, when James commanded a maximum contract that forced teams to plan their entire roster construction around his signing, James is now expected to sign for a portion of the midlevel exception or possibly even a minimum contract, giving him more flexibility to take his time without holding up other teams’ offseason plans as significantly as in years past. Rather than anchoring a long-term rebuild, James is instead selecting a roster he believes gives him the best chance at a deep playoff run in what could be his final one or two NBA seasons.

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James’s decision carries significant ripple effects across the rest of the league. NBA reporter Evan Sidery noted that several top remaining free agents have delayed their own decisions until after James makes his choice, given how his signing could reshape the remaining cap space and roster needs of the teams still in the running. Players including Draymond Green and James Harden have already opted out of their existing contracts in recent weeks, moves that have granted their respective teams additional financial flexibility as they continue pursuing James alongside other offseason priorities.

Historically, James has favored made-for-television announcements when revealing major career decisions, from his 2010 televised special declaring he would join the Miami Heat, to a first-person essay in Sports Illustrated announcing his return to Cleveland in 2014, to a more understated social media post in 2018 confirming his move to the Lakers. With James scheduled to host a live episode of his “Mind the Game” podcast at Fanatics Fest in New York alongside special co-host Tyrese Haliburton, some NBA insiders have speculated that the podcast setting could once again serve as the venue for James to reveal his decision directly to fans, continuing his pattern of controlling the narrative around his own career moves rather than allowing the news to break through a reporter’s social media post.

For now, the five finalist franchises remain in a holding pattern, having completed their formal pitches and left the final decision in James’s hands. With his own comments suggesting an announcement could come soon, the NBA world appears to be entering the final stretch of what has become one of the longest and most closely tracked free agency sagas of James’s storied 23-year career.

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Soccer-Spain’s World Cup winner Capdevila seeks Trump’s help after US entry denial

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Soccer-Spain’s World Cup winner Capdevila seeks Trump’s help after US entry denial

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ICICI Bank Limited 2027 Q1 – Results – Earnings Call Presentation (NYSE:IBN) 2026-07-18

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OneWater Marine Inc. (ONEW) Q1 2026 Earnings Call Transcript

This article was written by

Seeking Alpha’s transcripts team is responsible for the development of all of our transcript-related projects. We currently publish thousands of quarterly earnings calls per quarter on our site and are continuing to grow and expand our coverage. The purpose of this profile is to allow us to share with our readers new transcript-related developments. Thanks, SA Transcripts Team

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Fear Index Jumps as Tech Rout Worsens

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Stocks Little Changed After Fed Decision

The most widely-followed gauge of market fear and uncertainty was rising on Friday as investors carried on ditching chip makers and other AI stocks.

The Cboe Volatility Index, or VIX, climbed 1.6 points to more than 18 in early trading. Any reading of above 20 tends to signal heightened volatility.

The VIX was moving higher as futures tracking the tech-heavy Nasdaq 100 slumped 1.6%.

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Why Most Investors Didn’t Beat the Market During a Great Quarter

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Why Most Investors Didn’t Beat the Market During a Great Quarter
Spencer Jakab

Thursday got ugly for tech stocks, especially for chip makers, and Friday could be about as bad based on Nasdaq futures, which are off again. Investors are finding refuge in dowdier sectors such as consumer staples. An ETF tracking those stocks rose Thursday and is pointing up again premarket.

​📈 Follow our live markets data and coverage.

Copyright ©2026 Dow Jones & Company, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 87990cbe856818d5eddac44c7b1cdeb8

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My Top 5 Dividend Picks For July

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My Top 5 Dividend Picks For July

My Top 5 Dividend Picks For July

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Fred Kelly’s timeless investing lessons: Why the crowd is usually wrong

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Fred Kelly’s timeless investing lessons: Why the crowd is usually wrong
Most investors feel safest when they move with the crowd. They buy stocks after prices have surged because everyone else is buying, and panic-sell when markets tumble because everyone else is rushing for the exit. But according to renowned investor and psychologist Fred C. Kelly, this instinct is precisely why the majority of investors fail.

In his classic book, “Why You Win or Lose: The Psychology of Speculation”, Kelly argued that successful investing isn’t about predicting the future better than everyone else—it’s about understanding crowd psychology and resisting the emotional impulses that lead to poor decisions.

Why contrarian investing works

Kelly believed markets are driven as much by human behaviour as by business fundamentals. Investors who simply follow popular opinion often end up buying near market tops and selling close to bottoms.

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“If everybody tried to buy when prices are low, then bargains would never exist,” Kelly observed, explaining that opportunities arise only because most people fail to recognise them. According to him, the majority loses because it behaves in the most natural—and emotionally driven—way.

Human psychology matters more than economics

One of Kelly’s central ideas was that investors lose money less because of economic conditions and more because of psychological biases.

He believed investors often sell their best-performing stocks too early while stubbornly holding on to losing investments, hoping they’ll recover. Pride, fear and wishful thinking frequently overpower rational analysis, leading to costly mistakes.

The typical investor’s cycle


Kelly described a familiar pattern of investor behaviour:

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  • Investors buy cautiously at the beginning of a rally.
  • As prices keep rising, confidence turns into overconfidence.
  • Greed encourages them to hold on even as valuations become excessive.
  • Every decline is dismissed as a buying opportunity.
  • Only after widespread pessimism sets in do they finally sell—often near the market bottom.

The four enemies of investment success


Kelly identified four psychological traits that repeatedly derail investors.

Vanity: Investors hate admitting mistakes. Rather than booking losses, they continue holding losing stocks while quickly selling profitable ones to protect their ego.Greed: Greed destroys patience. Investors chase expensive stocks during euphoric markets instead of waiting for attractive valuations.

The will to believe: Hope often pushes investors into speculative bets, convincing them that risky stocks will somehow deliver extraordinary returns despite weak fundamentals.

Blind logic: Kelly argued that what feels logical in markets is often wrong. Buying after strong rallies and selling after prolonged declines may appear sensible because recent trends seem likely to continue, but history shows that such behaviour frequently results in buying high and selling low.

Why patience beats excitement

Kelly advised investors to avoid buying stocks simply because they’ve fallen sharply. Instead, he recommended waiting until a stock demonstrates that selling pressure has truly exhausted itself.

He also warned against assuming that a stock is cheap merely because it trades below its previous highs. A lower price alone doesn’t necessarily make a stock a bargain.

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Not everyone is suited for the stock market

Kelly believed successful investing requires emotional flexibility and discipline. Investors who become emotionally attached to their opinions or refuse to adapt to changing market conditions often struggle.

He also cautioned against expecting quick riches without preparation, arguing that the stock market rewards patience, study and temperament far more than luck.

The bottom line

Fred Kelly’s investing philosophy remains remarkably relevant even decades later. In an era dominated by social media trends, momentum investing and fear of missing out, his advice serves as a reminder that the biggest edge in investing often comes not from superior information, but from superior behaviour.

His message was to understand the crowd, learn from its mistakes and avoid following it blindly. Long-term investment success belongs not to those who react emotionally, but to those who remain patient, disciplined and willing to think independently.

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(Disclaimer: Recommendations, suggestions, views and opinions given by the experts are their own. These do not represent the views of The Economic Times)

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Greenbrier Companies: Significant Margin Of Safety For Patient Value Investors (NYSE:GBX)

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Greenbrier Companies: Significant Margin Of Safety For Patient Value Investors (NYSE:GBX)

This article was written by

My interest in financial markets was born out of a love for companys, productive companies, and free market capitalism. The first book i read that shaped my investment perspective was Benjamin Grahams The Intelligent Investor. I enjoyed Prof. Grahams aproach to valuations grounded in strong fundamentals and assets. After finishing The Intelligent Investor i was able to read Security Analysis the 2nd 1940 edition by Benjamin Graham, which completely changed my analysis style and shifted me to the Heavy Industrial Sector, the steelmaking sector in particular. I also read Austrian Economic theory from Murray Rothbard: MNan Economy and State with Power and Market, Americas Great Depression, Ethics of Liberty’s, The Panic of 1819, A history of Money and Banking in the United States and Conceived in Liberty volumes I-V. Understanding Austrian theory, especially the Austrian Theory of the Business cycle helped me be aware in my investment analysis about the effects of credit expansion and contraction in industrial firms. Also i have read The Making Shaping and Treating of Steel, the Carnagie Steel 1920 edition, to be able to understand the operational and tehnical aspects of Blast Furnace steelmaking. I want to write for Seeking Alpha to be able to share with as many people sound investment theory and Austrian Economics principle to help them make informed decisions.

Analyst’s Disclosure: I/we have no stock, option or similar derivative position in any of the companies mentioned, and no plans to initiate any such positions within the next 72 hours. I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it (other than from Seeking Alpha). I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article.

Seeking Alpha’s Disclosure: Past performance is no guarantee of future results. No recommendation or advice is being given as to whether any investment is suitable for a particular investor. Any views or opinions expressed above may not reflect those of Seeking Alpha as a whole. Seeking Alpha is not a licensed securities dealer, broker or US investment adviser or investment bank. Our analysts are third party authors that include both professional investors and individual investors who may not be licensed or certified by any institute or regulatory body.

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