Meta faced accusations of targeting children for addictions to Facebook and Instagram in federal court on Tuesday.

Deputy California Attorney General Meghan O’Neill launched her case against Meta in a trial that could reshape how Facebook, Instagram and other social media platforms operate.

O’Neill told the jury that Meta’s business model was all about trying to “hook the users, hold them for as long as they can, harvest their data and then hide the truth from the public.”

She said children were particularly susceptible to Meta’s algorithms and that Meta was aware of and sought to exploit that fact, pointing to an internal report at Meta, “The Young Ones are the Best Ones.”

WE GREW UP BEFORE SCREENS TOOK OVER. OUR KIDS DESERVE THAT CHANCE TOO

California, Colorado, Kentucky and New Jersey are leading a bipartisan group of 29 states suing Meta.

The states argue that Meta’s addictive platforms resulted in such harms as anxiety, ​depression and even suicide, and misled consumers about the platforms’ safety.

“Meta needed kids, and it needed to reassure the people who cared about those kids that the kids are safe,” O’Neill ​said.

WHEN IS A MENTAL HEALTH CRISIS TOO SEVERE FOR TELEHEALTH? WARNING SIGNS FAMILIES SHOULDN’T IGNORE

Meta ​co-founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg and Instagram chief Adam Mosseri are expected to testify in the weekslong trial.

Meta faces steep financial penalties depending on the outcome of the trial, with attorneys general stating last week that it could cost the company around $200 billion.

Representatives for Meta have denied wrongdoing and pointed to measures they put in place to protect teens and keep younger children off of their platforms.

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“The AGs offer ​no proof anyone in their states was misled, ​claim benign features like having an ⁠additional Instagram account somehow harmed their residents, and attempt to penalize Meta for industry-wide challenges like age verification,” a Meta spokesperson said before the trial this week. 

“Rather than sticking to the facts or the law, the states have instead decided to chase an outlandish payout.”

Reuters contributed to this report.

In the months before her death at age 36, actress Hayden Panettiere had spoken with unusual candor about the traumas that had shaped her life, from a childhood spent performing catastrophe on screen to her adult struggles with addiction, postpartum depression and an abusive relationship.

Panettiere, known for her roles in “Heroes” and “Nashville,” was found unresponsive in an apartment in Greenville, South Carolina, and was pronounced dead at the scene on Sunday, police said. A cause of death has not yet been established, but authorities said there were no signs of foul play.

Her death came just months after the publication of her memoir, “This Is Me: A Reckoning,” a book in which she said she wanted to be “brutally honest” about “every aspect of my life, from childhood to now.” Speaking to The Independent in May, Panettiere described the process of writing the book. “I had to learn not to be afraid of what people would think about it. Or if they would judge me,” she said.

Panettiere began performing as an infant, when her mother, former soap opera actress Lesley Vogel, started bringing her to commercial auditions. She went on to voice Princess Dot in the 1998 Pixar film “A Bug’s Life” and appeared in soap operas as a young child. In her memoir, Panettiere wrote about how the traumatic storylines she portrayed as a child actor shaped her early understanding of attention and love. “Grown-ups gave me positive attention when — as an actor — I failed, got sick, screamed and cried, killed, grieved, and suffered,” she wrote. “Is it any wonder why I’ve faced so many real struggles in my life? I’ve often wondered whether — unintentionally — I’ve brought on my traumas because I’m wired to think they’re good for me.”

Panettiere achieved mainstream fame in 2006 for her role as a superpowered cheerleader on NBC’s “Heroes,” a breakthrough that prompted her entire family to relocate to Los Angeles. Speaking to Jay Shetty on his podcast “On Purpose,” Panettiere described the strange dynamics that success brought to her family life as a teenager. “My mum bought an apartment for me when I was 16 and my whole family lived in it. So again, it was just that very strange, uncomfortable feeling of the role reversal and desperately wanting to still feel like the kid and still feel like I had parents to lean on,” she said. She described her mother as functioning primarily as her manager throughout her childhood, a dynamic that shaped how she understood approval. “She was my boss, that’s how I saw her. Even if she was the most supportive person when I did what I was supposed to do and did it well and was the one cheering me on, it did feel like it was what I had to do to get her love,” Panettiere said.

In 2014, at age 25, Panettiere welcomed her daughter, Kaya, with her then-partner, former professional boxer Wladimir Klitschko. The birth itself was medically traumatic; Panettiere told the outlet Momé in July that she experienced severe hemorrhaging following delivery, requiring seven blood transfusions and surgery. She said that when she was finally able to see her newborn daughter after the operation, she “felt nothing.” “I had always heard that mums feel an instant rush of love, but I didn’t — and I had no idea why,” she told Momé. After attempting to self-medicate with alcohol, Panettiere eventually sought professional help and received a diagnosis of postpartum depression, which she first spoke about publicly in 2015 on the talk show “Live with Kelly and Michael.”

Panettiere later described the broad and often misunderstood spectrum of postpartum depression symptoms, pushing back against narrow public assumptions about the condition. “When they tell you about postpartum depression, you think about, ‘Okay, I feel negative feelings towards my child, I want to injure my child, I want to hurt my child,’” she said. “I’ve never ever had those feelings and some women do, but you don’t realise what broad of a spectrum you can really experience that on, and it’s something, I think, that needs to be talked about and women need to know that they’re not alone.” She added that public skepticism toward the condition compounded its difficulty. “There’s a lot of misunderstanding and I feel like there’s a lot of people out there who think that it’s not real, that it’s not true, that it’s something that’s made up in their mind. It’s something that’s completely uncontrollable and it’s really painful and scary,” she said. Panettiere also told Shetty that cosmetics brand Neutrogena ended a decade-long endorsement deal with her after she spoke publicly about her postpartum depression, citing a morality clause in her contract. “Of all the things I had been caught doing, that being the thing where they drew the line, was shocking to me,” she said.

On the set of “Nashville,” Panettiere said the storylines written for her character, Juliette Barnes, closely mirrored what she was privately experiencing at the time, including struggles tied to pregnancy, substance use and early motherhood. “I was suffering from debilitating anxiety and an addiction I couldn’t shake, and I had to live through it twice. First at home, as Hayden, and then in front of millions as Juliette,” she wrote in her memoir. She told Shetty the boundary between herself and her character became difficult to distinguish. “I didn’t know where Juliette ended and Hayden began,” she said. “I couldn’t come up to air from it.” To manage her anxiety and panic attacks during that period, she said she turned to substances. “I was self-medicating and looking for relief at the bottom of a bottle … I needed to self-numb,” she said.

When Panettiere and Klitschko separated in 2018, their daughter, then 2 years old, began living full time in Ukraine with her father. Panettiere was in the midst of her struggles with substance abuse at the time. “It wasn’t a decision I made lightly, nor was it a decision I even wanted to make,” she told Momé. “I was going through a really challenging time in my life … I knew I needed to be able to put her first so that I could get the help I needed and be the mum she needed me to be.” She said she remained close to her daughter despite the distance. “I love my daughter, and I’m so proud of the young woman she is becoming. I talk to her all the time, and I feel so connected to her,” she said.

Panettiere also spoke to Shetty about the difficulty of leaving an abusive relationship, describing the sustained effort required to fully end contact. “At one point I thought I had gotten out of it and gotten away from it,” she said. “Abusers, they weave themselves like weeds into your life and there’s always something that they left behind. There’s always something they have to come back for, there’s always something that they find to keep that connection, keep you on the hook.” She said she initially believed she could manage the separation alone before recognizing she needed outside help. “I thought I was capable of doing it by myself but I needed an incredible amount of support and back-up in order to make sure that there was no way for him to find his way back in,” she said.

Panettiere’s final Instagram post, shared July 27, showed a photo of her with photographer Randall Slavin, captioned simply, “Good times and good friends.” In her memoir, she described herself as an “optimist to the core” who resisted being defined by tragedy, despite the many hardships she experienced throughout her life, including the sudden death of her younger brother, actor Jansen Panettiere, in 2023. “One thing I know from my 36 years in the public eye is this: Life is a process that evolves day by day, year by year and — like it or not — you are engaged in a cycle of growth until the moment you take your last breath,” she wrote.

This story discusses sensitive topics including postpartum depression, addiction and domestic abuse. If you or someone you know is struggling with any of these issues, support is available. In Australia, contact Lifeline on 13 11 14, Beyond Blue on 1300 22 46 36, or 1800RESPECT for domestic violence support. In the United States, you can call or text 988 for the Suicide and Crisis Lifeline, or contact the National Domestic Violence Hotline at 1-800-799-7233.

We’ve all looked up and seen the white lines trailing behind aircraft in the sky.

Known as contrails, these icy clouds contribute to climate change, and scientists have been trying to work out how to stop them.

Now, a £5m UK trial will test whether AI can help, by predicting where warming contrails are likely to form and getting planes to avoid those areas.

It will focus on the Shanwick Oceanic airspace in the eastern half of the North Atlantic corridor which accounts for approximately 5% of global contrail warming.

The 30-month Operation Blue Skies project brings together Google, the UK government, the Met Office, air traffic control provider National Air Traffic Services (NATS) and researchers at the University of Cambridge and Imperial College London.

Contrails – also known as vapour trails – are made when the hot exhaust from aircraft engines meets the cold air at high altitude, creating ice crystals.

Many disappear quickly, but in particularly cold and humid conditions they can persist and spread, forming clouds which trap heat that would otherwise escape from the Earth.

Dr Paul Hodgson, Google’s technical lead for the operation, told the BBC’s Tech Life programme his five-year-old has a more colourful description for the white lines – “sky graffiti”.

“We think that contrail warming is responsible for something like a third of all aviation climate warming,” he said.

Dr Hodgson acknowledged there was uncertainty around the precise figure, but said scientists were confident it was “either quite a large problem or a very large problem”.

The project also comes as the government backs expansion of UK airports, raising the wider question of whether tech solutions can sufficiently reduce aviation’s environmental impact as demand for flying grows.

Google is also one of many big tech companies spending billions on new data centres – the giant, power-hungry banks of computer chips which power AI – which environmentalists are concerned will contribute even more to climate change.

India’s headline equity index, the Nifty50, could nearly double to 50,000 within the next six to nine years and reach the milestone anytime before 2035, Raamdeo Agrawal, chairman of Motilal Oswal Financial Services, said, laying out three distinct timelines based entirely on how price-to-earnings multiples move from here.

Speaking at the 22nd Motilal Oswal Annual Global Investor Conference in Mumbai, Agrawal said there is a high probability of Nifty hitting 50,000 anytime before 2035.

Raamdeo Agrawal’s Nifty math: 3 scenarios

Agrawal’s timeline hinges on a single assumption: Nifty earnings compounding at roughly 12% a year, in line with an expected 11% nominal GDP growth rate. From there, the path to 50,000 splits three ways depending on the multiple the market is willing to pay. If the P/E multiple holds steady at 20–21x, the Nifty target of 50,000 will take roughly 8 years. If the multiple expands to around 24x, it will take roughly 6 years and if the multiple compresses to around 18x, which is below the ten-to-twenty-year historical average, then the journey to 50k will take roughly 9 years.

For the near term, Agrawal pointed to an earnings recovery already underway. “Nifty earnings growth of around 12% is a reasonable expectation,” he said, adding that current-quarter growth looks stronger still, in the 16–20% range.

Underpinning the bull case is what Agrawal called an “unprecedented” surge in retail market participation. Demat accounts in India have grown from roughly 40 million to 234 million as of last month, with 2.9 million added in that single month alone, a pace he said is “likely unmatched anywhere in the world.”

Mutual fund folios rose about 19%, from 55 million to 74 million, over the past year. Monthly SIP flows have crossed ₹31,000 crore, and equity mutual fund AUM has compounded at roughly 30% a year over the past decade, climbing from about ₹4 lakh crore to about ₹86 lakh crore.
Agrawal likened the moment to a structural shift in the US four decades ago: “This feels like India’s ‘401(k) moment’ — comparable to when U.S. retail investors began participating heavily in markets in the early 1980s.” The U.S. now sees roughly $750 billion a year in 401(k) contributions flowing into stocks and bonds; India’s expanding demat base, he said, is becoming the domestic equivalent.Also Read |Equity investments should give about 15% annual returns over next 5 years: Raamdeo Agrawal

FII selling overdone

The retail boom is unfolding even as foreign institutional investors pull back sharply. FIIs sold about $18 billion of Indian equities last year and roughly $25 billion more in the first half of this year, Agrawal said while calling it a marked reversal for a group that, aside from 2022, had historically stayed committed to Indian markets.

Domestic flows have more than offset the exodus: from just $5–10 billion a year around 2020 to roughly $90 billion annually more recently, including $54 billion in the first half of this year alone.

“FIIs have oversold India,” Agrawal said, noting that India’s weight in global allocation benchmarks like MSCI sits at only around 7–8%, underweight relative to its economic size. He argued that even if foreign selling continues, or simply stops, “domestic demand alone is strong enough to sustain a healthy market”, a dynamic he said keeps valuations structurally elevated.

Also Read |Exclusive: Motilal Oswal opens up on succession, 10X profit goal and his 39-year partnership with Raamdeo Agrawal

A Bigger Bet: India’s Path From $4 Trillion to $16 Trillion

Agrawal framed the Nifty call within a much larger economic thesis. India crossed $1 trillion in GDP around 2007–08; the journey since has been uneven as the $2 to $4 trillion stretch took ten to eleven years, delayed by demonetization and COVID. But Agrawal projects the economy now moving from $4 trillion to $8 trillion in about seven years, and to $16 trillion within another seven to eight years after that.

“India is a multi-trillion-dollar opportunity,” he said, arguing that the jump from $4 trillion to $16 trillion represents a fundamentally different scale of opportunity than the earlier climb from $1 trillion to $4 trillion.

He tied this to savings: over the last seventeen years, India saved a cumulative $15 trillion; over the next seventeen, minimum cumulative savings are projected at $47 trillion, with $1.3 trillion saved last year alone.

Agrawal situated his India and Nifty forecasts inside a broader global wealth thesis drawn from a 2002 book, The Wealthy World, written by a finance professor who Agrawal said correctly anticipated the scale of global financial wealth creation decades in advance — from $13 trillion in 1980 to a projected $6,000 trillion by 2050.

“There is no absolute upper limit to financial wealth creation,” Agrawal said, “not for a country, and, increasingly, not even for a single corporation.”

He pointed to Nvidia and Apple, each having touched roughly $5 trillion in market value, as evidence that corporations are now rivaling, and in some cases surpassing, the size of nations. Global market capitalization has risen from about $200 billion in 1950 to roughly $164 trillion today, against a global GDP of about $120 trillion — a market-cap-to-GDP ratio that has climbed from 0.2–0.3 to about 1.3 over 75 years.

India’s own market-cap-to-GDP ratio now sits at 1.2–1.3x, up from well below 1x historically, with market cap around ₹500 lakh crore against GDP of ₹360–370 lakh crore. India’s share of global market capitalization has risen from about 2% a decade ago to about 3% today, among the very few major markets, alongside the U.S., Taiwan and South Korea, to have gained global share over that period.

Earnings, Profitability and the AI Wildcard

Corporate profit as a share of India’s GDP has recovered to about 5.7%, up from a low of 1.7% around 2019–20, though still well below its 2000 peak of 6.2% and further behind the near-double-digit levels seen in the US. Agrawal suggested artificial intelligence could push that ratio higher still, as “the return on capital may increasingly outpace the return on labor.”

“I think we shouldn’t focus too much on the Nifty number itself,” Agrawal said, adding that the real takeaway is that the world is getting wealthier and India is getting wealthier faster than almost anywhere else.

His conclusion: it’s “highly probable that Nifty reaches 50,000 sometime before 2035” — with the exact timing, he acknowledged, ultimately hinging on policy execution and how India navigates whatever “potholes” lie ahead.

(Disclaimer: Recommendations, suggestions, views and opinions given by the experts are their own. These do not represent the views of The Economic Times)